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Pereira BFDM, Spisso BF. Cumulative veterinary drug and pesticide dietary exposure assessments: a global overview and Brazilian framework considerations. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38900139 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2367213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides and veterinary drugs are widely employed to support food production. Assessing potential risks associated with the dietary consumption of pesticide and veterinary drug residues is, however, essential. Potential risks depend on the toxicity degree of the analyzed residue and population exposure levels. Human populations are exposed to numerous chemical substances through different pathways with varying exposure times, leading to increased health risks when compared to exposure to individual chemicals. Cumulative exposure assessments usually assess combined exposures to multiple chemicals through multiple exposure pathways. In this sense, this comprehensive review aims to provide insights into cumulative dietary pesticide and veterinary drug residue exposures. The main methodologies, strategies, and legislation employed by international agencies to this end are discussed. A review concerning articles that apply existing methodologies and approaches, as well as the challenges in this context faced by Brazil is also presented. As this is a critical issue not only for Brazilian public health but also for the global community, regulatory agencies should prioritize formulating regulations that incorporate exposure assessments regarding the simultaneous presence of residues and contaminants in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Figueiredo de Mendonça Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardete Ferraz Spisso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gerofke A, Lange R, Vogel N, Schmidt P, Weber T, David M, Frederiksen H, Baken K, Govarts E, Gilles L, Martin LR, Martinsone Ž, Santonen T, Schoeters G, Scheringer M, Domínguez-Romero E, López ME, Calvo AC, Koch HM, Apel P, Kolossa-Gehring M. Phthalates and substitute plasticizers: Main achievements from the European human biomonitoring initiative HBM4EU. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114378. [PMID: 38631089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates and the substitute plasticizer DINCH belong to the first group of priority substances investigated by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to answer policy-relevant questions and safeguard an efficient science-to-policy transfer of results. Human internal exposure levels were assessed using two data sets from all European regions and Israel. The first collated existing human biomonitoring (HBM) data (2005-2019). The second consisted of new data generated in the harmonized "HBM4EU Aligned Studies" (2014-2021) on children and teenagers for the ten most relevant phthalates and DINCH, accompanied by a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program for 17 urinary exposure biomarkers. Exposures differed between countries, European regions, age groups and educational levels. Toxicologically derived Human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) were exceeded in up to 5% of the participants of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. A mixture risk assessment (MRA) including five reprotoxic phthalates (DEHP, DnBP, DiBP, BBzP, DiNP) revealed that for about 17% of the children and teenagers, health risks cannot be excluded. Concern about male reproductive health emphasized the need to include other anti-androgenic substances for MRA. Contaminated food and the use of personal care products were identified as relevant exposure determinants paving the way for new regulatory measures. Time trend analyses verified the efficacy of regulations: especially for the highly regulated phthalates exposure dropped significantly, while levels of the substitutes DINCH and DEHTP increased. The HBM4EU e-waste study, however, suggests that workers involved in e-waste management may be exposed to higher levels of restricted phthalates. Exposure-effect association studies indicated the relevance of a range of endpoints. A set of HBM indicators was derived to facilitate and accelerate science-to-policy transfer. Result indicators allow different groups and regions to be easily compared. Impact indicators allow health risks to be directly interpreted. The presented results enable successful science-to-policy transfer and support timely and targeted policy measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Gerofke
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rosa Lange
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillipp Schmidt
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madlen David
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Baken
- Brabant Advies, Brabantlaan 3, 5216 TV 's, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Žanna Martinsone
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Tyoterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Domínguez-Romero
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Esteban López
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño Calvo
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Apel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Wang J, Wang Z, Dou Y, Cong J, Sun H, Wang L, Duan Z. Ecological risk assessment for typical organophosphorus pesticides in surface water of China based on a species sensitivity distribution model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169805. [PMID: 38181956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risks posed by widespread organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) pollution in the surface waters of China remain unclear. In this study, species sensitivity distribution (SSD) parametric statistical approaches were coupled with fully acute and chronic toxicity data to fit the sensitivity distributions of different aquatic species to five typical OPs: dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos. Crustaceans exhibit the highest sensitivity to OPs, whereas algae are the least sensitive. The acute hazardous concentrations that affected 5 % of the species (HC5) were 0.112, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 mg/L for dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos, respectively, whereas their chronic HC5 values were 0.004, 0.004, 0.053, 0.001, and 0.0005 mg/L, respectively. Hence, dichlorvos is highly toxic and poses greater risk to non-target aquatic species. The evaluation data revealed varying geographical distribution characteristics of the ecological risks from OPs in 15 freshwater aquatic systems across different regions of China. Dichlorvos posed the highest risk in the basins of Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces, with the highest chronic Risk Quotient (RQ) and Hazard Index (HI) at 9.34 and 9.92, respectively. This is much higher than what was collected and evaluated for foreign rivers (the highest chronic RQ and HI in foreign rivers were 1.65 and 2.24, respectively). Thus, dichlorvos in the surface waters of China poses a substantial ecological risk to aquatic organisms, and may endanger human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuhang Dou
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiaoyue Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenghua Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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