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Hasanović M, Čakar J, Ahatović Hajro A, Murtić S, Subašić M, Bajrović K, Durmić-Pašić A. Geranium robertianum L. tolerates various soil types burdened with heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93830-93845. [PMID: 37525079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many heavy metals (HMs) are essential micronutrients for the growth and development of plants. However, human activities such as mining, smelting, waste disposal, and industrial processes have led to toxic levels of HMs in soil. Fortunately, many plant species have developed incredible adaptive mechanisms to survive and thrive in such harsh environments. As a widespread and ruderal species, Geranium robertianum L. inhabits versatile soil types, both polluted and unpolluted. Considering the ubiquity of G. robertianum, the study aimed to determine whether geographically distant populations can tolerate HMs. We collected soil and plant samples from serpentine, an anthropogenic heavy metal contaminated, and a non-metalliferous site to study the physiological state of G. robertianum. HMs in soil and plants were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure the total content of chlorophylls a and b, total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proline. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the potential correlation between HMs concentrations gathered from various soil types and plant samples and biochemical data acquired for plant material. A statistically significant difference was observed for all localities regarding secondary metabolite parameters. A positive correlation between Ni and Zn in soil and Ni and Zn in plant matter was observed (p<0.0005) indicating higher absorption. Regardless of high concentrations of heavy metals in investigated soils, G. robertianum displayed resilience and was capable of thriving. These results may be ascribed to several protective mechanisms that allow G. robertianum to express normal growth and development and act as a pioneer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujo Hasanović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jasmina Čakar
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anesa Ahatović Hajro
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senad Murtić
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirel Subašić
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kasim Bajrović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adaleta Durmić-Pašić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bless Y, Ndlovu L, Gcanga E, Niekerk LA, Nkomo M, Bakare O, Mulaudzi T, Klein A, Gokul A, Keyster M. Methylglyoxal improves zirconium stress tolerance in Raphanus sativus seedling shoots by restricting zirconium uptake, reducing oxidative damage, and upregulating glyoxalase I. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13618. [PMID: 37604852 PMCID: PMC10442447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Raphanus sativus also known as radish is a member of the Brassicaceae family which is mainly cultivated for human and animal consumption. R. sativus growth and development is negatively affected by heavy metal stress. The metal zirconium (Zr) have toxic effects on plants and tolerance to the metal could be regulated by known signaling molecules such as methylglyoxal (MG). Therefore, in this study we investigated whether the application of the signaling molecule MG could improve the Zr tolerance of R. sativus at the seedling stage. We measured the following: seed germination, dry weight, cotyledon abscission (%), cell viability, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, conjugated diene (CD) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, superoxide (O2•-) content, MG content, hydroxyl radical (·OH) concentration, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glyoxalase I (Gly I) activity, Zr content and translocation factor. Under Zr stress, exogenous MG increased the seed germination percentage, shoot dry weight, cotyledon abscission, cell viability and chlorophyll content. Exogenous MG also led to a decrease in MDA, CD, H2O2, O2•-, MG and ·OH, under Zr stress in the shoots. Furthermore, MG application led to an increase in the enzymatic activities of APX, SOD and Gly I as well as in the complete blocking of cotyledon abscission under Zr stress. MG treatment decreased the uptake of Zr in the roots and shoots. Zr treatment decreased the translocation factor of the Zr from roots to shoots and MG treatment decreased the translocation factor of Zr even more significantly compared to the Zr only treatment. Our results indicate that MG treatment can improve R. sativus seedling growth under Zr stress through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and Gly I through reactive oxygen species and MG signaling, inhibiting cotyledon abscission through H2O2 signaling and immobilizing Zr translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoneal Bless
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Linda Ndlovu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Esihle Gcanga
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mbukeni Nkomo
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Olalekan Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Takalani Mulaudzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Life Science Building, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Arun Gokul
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7530, South Africa.
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Bioaccumulation of industrial heavy metals and interactive biochemical effects on two tropical medicinal plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43860-43871. [PMID: 36670223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) accumulation were studied in the leaves of two medicinal plant species, namely Holarrhena pubescens and Wrightia tinctoria, from two industrial areas and a control area. Our comparison study revealed that industrialization significantly increased the accumulation of heavy metals in both plant species. A comparison study in control and industrial areas exhibited that heavy metal accumulation was higher in the industrially affected area than in the control area. Heavy metal concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by the WHO in both species of two industrial areas. However, both species accumulated the least heavy metal concentration in the control area. Biochemical investigation specifies that in response to heavy metal accumulation, both species increased the activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde content, the activity of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid) antioxidant, but decreased the primary (soluble carbohydrate and total protein), secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoid) content and free radical scavenging (DPPH) activity. This study indicates that industrialization potentially harms medicinal plants by reducing the efficacy of their medicinal property.
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Wu J, Gao T, Zhao L, Bao H, Yu C, Hu J, Ma F. Investigating Phragmites australis response to copper exposure using physiologic, Fourier Transform Infrared and metabolomic approaches. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:365-381. [PMID: 35290177 DOI: 10.1071/fp21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud is a landscape plant with resistance to heavy metals that has significance in phytoremediation. However, little is known about the metabolomic background of the heavy metal resistance mechanisms of Phragmites . We studied copper stress on Phragmites and monitored physiological indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to study the related chemical composition in the roots, stems, and leaves under copper stress. Furthermore, LC-MS technology was used to analyse the plants metabolic profile. Results showed that increased copper concentration in Phragmites led to the accumulation of MDA and EL. FTIR spectrum detected the presence of O-H and C=O stretching. O-H stretching was related to the presence of flavonoids, while C=O stretching reflected the presence of protein amide I. The latter was related to the change of amino acid composition. Both flavonoids and amino acids are regarded as contributors to the antioxidant of Phragmites under copper stress. Metabolomics analysis revealed that arginine and ayarin were accumulated and Phragmites leaves responded to copper stress with changes in the pool size of arginine and ayarin. It is speculated that they could improve resistance. Arginine is accumulated through two pathways: the citrulline decomposition and conversion pathway; and the circular pathway composed of ornithine, citrulline, l -argininosuccinate and arginine. Ayarin is synthesised through the quercetin methylation pathway. This study elucidates the antioxidant mechanisms for enhancing its resistance to heavy metal stress, thus improving of phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Bao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian 116032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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