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Garrigues Q, Mugnier A, Chastant S, Sicard F, Martin JC, Svilar L, Castex M, Ramis-Vidal MG, Rovere N, Michaud L, David P, Mansalier E, Rodiles A, Mila H, Apper E. The supplementation of female dogs with live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 acts as gut stabilizer at whelping and modulates immunometabolic phenotype of the puppies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1366256. [PMID: 38680531 PMCID: PMC11048480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1366256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Time around parturition is a stressful period for both bitches and their puppies. The use of probiotics has been proposed, e.g., in pigs, to improve health status of sows, their reproductive performances and in turn, the health and performance of their progeny. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact, on both dams and puppies, of a supplementation of bitches with the live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB-1079) during the second part of the gestation and the lactation period. A total of 36 bitches of medium and large-sized breeds were enrolled. They were divided into two groups, one of which received 1.3 × 109 colony forming units of live yeast per day. At dam's level, SB-1079 yeast shaped a different microbiota structure between the two groups just after whelping, impacted alpha diversity and some plasma metabolites related to energy metabolism. Regarding reproductive performances, SB-1079 improved gross energy of the colostrum (1.4 vs. 1.2 kcal of ME/g) as well as the concentration of protein in milk at Day 7 after parturition (10.4 vs. 7.6%). SB-1079 also reduced the odds of having low birth weight in the litter. At puppy's level, a modulation of immunometabolic phenotype is suggested by the observation of increased growth rates during the early pediatric period (i.e., between 21 and 56 days of life, 225 vs. 190%) and a decrease of the IL-8:IL-10 ratio after vaccination against rabies (4.2 vs. 16.9). Our findings suggest that SB-1079 supplementation during gestation and lactation has the potential to enhance health of bitches and in turn health of puppies through maternal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flavie Sicard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Manuel Guillermo Ramis-Vidal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituo Murciano de Investigación en Biomedicina (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Rovere
- Department of HASFS, VESPA, University of Veterinary, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pauline David
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hanna Mila
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Tassis P, Raj J, Floros D, Mittas N, Ntarampa N, Farkas H, Polizopoulou Z, Vasilievic M. Efficacy of a multicomponent binding agent against combined exposure to zearalenone and ochratoxin A in weaned pigs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1357723. [PMID: 38511191 PMCID: PMC10951055 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1357723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel multicomponent substance against combined exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in weaned piglets. Methods In total, 60 piglets at the age of 28 days were equally allocated to four experimental groups (A-D), consisting of eight female and seven male piglets each (15 animals per group, for a total trial duration of 42 days). Animals from group A received typical weaner feed without mycotoxins or the test product [multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA)]. Group B animals received the same weaner feed contaminated with 0.992 mg ZEN/kg feed and 0.531 mg OTA/kg feed without the addition of the MMDA. Animals in group C received the same contaminated feed as group B with the addition of 1.5 g MMDA/kg feed, whereas group D received the same feed as group B with the inclusion of 3 g MMDA/kg feed. Clinical signs and performance parameters [body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] were evaluated, while mycotoxin residues were also assessed in the liver and kidney tissues. Results Findings showed improved FCR in the group that received the greatest dose of the test product (3 g MMDA/kg feed) compared to the group that received the lower dose (1.5 g MMDA/kg feed). A few hematological and biochemical parameters were slightly altered, predominantly within normal limits. The residue analysis demonstrated a reduction of OTA in liver samples, a-ZEL in the liver and total tested samples, and a total of ZEN and metabolite contents in all samples of the group that received the greatest MMDA dose in comparison to the group that received the toxins without the addition of the test product. Discussion Therefore, a positive effect of the MMDA at the greatest dosage regime on reducing bioavailability and tissue deposition of ZEN and OTA, with a particularly positive effect on FCR in weaned pigs, is suggested under concurrent ZEN and OTA exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tassis
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jog Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Mišićevo, Serbia
| | - Dimitrios Floros
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mittas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Niki Ntarampa
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Zoe Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jin J, Huangfu B, Xing F, Xu W, He X. Combined exposure to deoxynivalenol facilitates lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat-diet-induced obesity mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108345. [PMID: 38008010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene toxin that mainly produced by strains of Fusarium spp. DON contamination is widely distributed and is a global food safety threat. Existing studies have expounded its harmful effects on growth inhibition, endocrine disruption, immune function impairment, and reproductive toxicity. In energy metabolism, DON suppresses appetite, reduces body weight, triggers lipid oxidation, and negatively affects cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese C57BL/6J mice were orally treated with 0.1 mg/kg bw/d and 1.0 mg/kg bw/d DON for 4 weeks. The lipid metabolism of mice and the molecular mechanisms were explored. The data showed that although DON reduced body weight and fat mass in HFD mice, it significantly increased their serum triglyceride concentrations, disturbance of serum lipid metabolites, impaired glucose, and resulted in insulin intolerance in mice. In addition, the transcriptional and expression changes of lipid metabolism genes in the liver and epididymis (EP) adipose indicate that the DON-mediated increase in serum triglycerides is caused by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibition in EP adipose. Furthermore, DON down-regulates the expression of LPL through the PPARγ signaling pathway in EP adipose. These results are further confirmed by the serum lipidomics analysis. In conclusion, DON acts on the PPARγ pathway of white adipose to inhibit the expression of LPL, mediate the increase of serum triglyceride in obese mice, disturb the homeostasis of lipid metabolism, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study reveals the interference mechanism of DON on lipid metabolism in obese mice and provides a theoretical basis for its toxic effect in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingxin Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Wang P, Yao Q, Meng X, Yang X, Wang X, Lu Q, Liu A. Effective protective agents against organ toxicity of deoxynivalenol and their detoxification mechanisms: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114121. [PMID: 37890761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in feed, which causes organ toxicity in animals. Therefore, reducing DON-induced organ toxicity can now be accomplished effectively using protective agents. This review provides an overview of multiple studies on a wide range of protective agents and their molecular mechanisms against DON organ toxicity. Protective agents include plant extracts, yeast products, bacteria, peptides, enzymes, H2, oligosaccharides, amino acids, adsorbents, vitamins and selenium. Among these, biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of DON without affecting the growth performance of pigs may be the most promising detoxification strategy. This paper also evaluates future developments related to DON detoxification and discusses the detoxification role and application potential of protective agents. This paper provides new perspectives for future research and development of safe and effective feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Qin Yao
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Xiangwen Meng
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China.
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Xu X, Chang J, Wang P, Liu C, Zhou T, Yin Q, Yan G. Glycyrrhinic acid and probiotics alleviate deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelial cells. AMB Express 2023; 13:52. [PMID: 37249811 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxin contaminants, which posing a serious health threat to animals and humans. Previous studies have found that individually supplemented probiotic or glycyrrhinic acid (GA) could degrade DON and alleviate DON-induced cytotoxicity. The present study investigated the effect of combining GA with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using orthogonal design on alleviating IPEC-J2 cell damage induced by DON. The results showed that the optimal counts of S. cerevisiae and E. faecalis significantly promoted cell viability. The optimal combination for increasing cell viability was 400 µg/mL GA, 1 × 106 CFU/mL S. cerevisiae and 1 × 106 CFU/mL E. faecalis to make GAP, which not only significantly alleviated the DON toxicity but also achieved the highest degradation rate of DON (34.7%). Moreover, DON exposure significantly increased IL-8, Caspase3 and NF-κB contents, and upregulated the mRNA expressions of Bax, Caspase 3, NF-κB and the protein expressions of Bax, TNF-α and COX-2. However, GAP addition significantly reduced aforementioned genes and proteins. Furthermore, GAP addition significantly increased the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, GLUT2 and ASCT2, and the protein expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and PePT1. It was inferred that the combination of GA, S. cerevisiae, and E. faecalis had the synergistic effect on enhancing cell viability and DON degradation, which could protect cells from DON-induced damage by reducing DON cytotoxicity, alleviating cell apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, improving intestinal barrier function, and regulating nutrient absorption and transport. These findings suggest that GAP may have potential as a dietary supplement for livestock or humans exposed to DON-contaminated food or feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Guorong Yan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Liang SJ, Wang XQ. Deoxynivalenol induces intestinal injury: insights from oxidative stress and intestinal stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48676-48685. [PMID: 36856999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that frequently occur in human and animal diets. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most widely occurring mycotoxins globally and poses significant harm to the animal husbandry industry and human health. People are increasingly aware of the adverse effects of DON on vulnerable structures and functions in the intestine, especially in the field of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In this review, we present insights into DON that induces oxidative stress and affects the expansion of ISCs. Related studies of strategies for reducing its harm are summarized. We also discussed promising approaches such as regulation of microbiota, molecular docking, and modulation of the redox status via reducing the expression of Keap1 protein and single-cell sequencing, which may be critical for further revealing the mechanism of DON that induces oxidative stress and affects the expansion of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Li E, Li C, Horn N, Ajuwon KM. PPARγ activation inhibits endocytosis of claudin-4 and protects against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells and weaned piglets. Toxicol Lett 2023; 375:8-20. [PMID: 36596350 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation has been well characterized. Besides adipose tissue, PPARγ is also highly expressed in the intestine. However, the functional role of PPARγ in the regulation of intestinal function still remains poorly understood. In the present study, we sought to understand the role of PPARγ activation on regulation of intestinal barrier function in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and weaned piglets exposed to the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone and troglitazone, two pharmacological PPARγ ligands, increased the protein expression of tight junction proteins (TJP), claudin-3 and 4. PPARγ inhibition increased endocytosis of claudin-4 which was reversed by its activation with troglitazone. DON exposure decreased the protein expression of TJP, and also significantly suppressed PPARγ transcriptional activity. Interestingly, PPARγ activation reversed the reduction of claudin-3 and 4 caused by DON in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ activation also partially restored the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and reduced the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) that have been negatively impacted by DON. These effects were lost in the presence of a specific PPARγ antagonist or in PPARγ knockout cells, confirming the importance of PPARγ in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and integrity. Likewise, in weaned pigs exposed to DON, the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone mitigated the impaired villus-crypt morphology caused by DON. Therefore, pharmacological and natural bioactive compounds with PPARγ stimulatory activities could be effective in preventing DON-induced gut barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nathan Horn
- United Animal Health, 322S Main St #1113, Sheridan, IN 46069, United States
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Nrf2 Activators to Counteract Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Toxicity Induced by Deoxynivalenol in Swine: An Emerging Research Direction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122379. [PMID: 36552587 PMCID: PMC9774656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed is a global problem, which seriously threatens the productivity efficiency and welfare of farm animals and the food security of humans. Pig is the most sensitive species to DON, and is readily exposed to DON through its grain-enriched diet. The intestine serves as the first biological barrier to ingested mycotoxin, and is, therefore, the first target of DON. In the past decade, a growing amount of attention has been paid to plant-derived polyphenols as functional compounds against DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal toxicity in pigs. In this review, we systematically updated the latest research progress in plant polyphenols detoxifying DON-induced intestinal toxicity in swine. We also discussed the potential underlying mechanism of action of polyphenols as Nrf2 activators in protecting against DON-induced enterotoxicity of swine. The output of this update points out an emerging research direction, as polyphenols have great potential to be developed as feed additives for swine to counteract DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal toxicity.
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Recharla N, Park S, Kim M, Kim B, Jeong JY. Protective effects of biological feed additives on gut microbiota and
the health of pigs exposed to deoxynivalenol: a review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:640-653. [PMID: 35969702 PMCID: PMC9353346 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of cereal-based
food and animal feed. The toxicity of DON is very low compared to that of other
toxins; however, the most prominent signs of DON exposure include inappetence
and body weight loss, which causes considerable economic losses in the livestock
industry. This review summarizes critical studies on biological DON mycotoxin
mitigation strategies and the respective in vitro and
in vivo intestinal effects. Focus areas include growth
performance, gut health in terms of intestinal histomorphology, epithelial
barrier functions, the intestinal immune system and microflora, and short-chain
fatty acid production in the intestines. In addition, DON detoxification and
modulation of these parameters, through biological supplements, are discussed.
Biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms can attenuate DON toxicity
by modulating gut microbiota and improving gut health with or without
influencing the growth performance of pigs. However, the use of microorganisms
as feed additives to livestock for mycotoxins detoxification needs more research
before commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Recharla
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division,
National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Byeonghyeon Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division,
National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division,
National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jin Young Jeong,
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science,
Wanju 55365, Korea. Tel: +82-63-238-7487, E-mail:
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Exposure of intestinal explants to NX, but not to DON, enriches the secretome in mitochondrial proteins. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2609-2619. [PMID: 35674809 PMCID: PMC9325857 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NX is a type A trichothecene produced by Fusarium graminearum with limited information on its toxicity. NX is structurally similar to deoxynivalenol (DON), only differing by the lacking keto group at C8. Because of the structural similarity of the two toxins as well as their potential co-occurrence in food and feed, it is of interest to determine the toxicity of this new compound. In this study, we compared the protein composition of the extracellular media of pig intestinal explants (secretome) exposed to 10 µM of DON or NX for 4 h compared with controls. The combination of two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches (a gel-based and a gel-free approach) identified 18 and 23 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) for DON and NX, respectively, compared to controls. Functional analysis suggested that, whereas DON toxicity was associated with decreased cell viability and cell destruction, NX toxicity was associated with an enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the secretome. The presence of these proteins may be associated with the already known ability of NX to induce an intestinal inflammation. Overall, our results indicated that DON- and NX-induced changes in the extracellular proteome of intestinal explants are different. The increased leakage/secretion of mitochondrial proteins by NX may be a feature of NX toxicity.
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Li E, Horn N, Ajuwon KM. EPA and DHA inhibit endocytosis of claudin-4 and protect against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through PPARγ dependent and independent pathways in jejunal IPEC-J2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pierron A, Neves M, Puel S, Lippi Y, Soler L, Miller JD, Oswald IP. Intestinal toxicity of the new type A trichothecenes, NX and 3ANX. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132415. [PMID: 34600008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NX and its acetylated form 3ANX are two new type A trichothecenes produced by Fusarium graminearum whose toxicity is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to obtain a general view of the intestinal toxicity of these toxins. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which differs from NX by the keto group at C8, served as a benchmark. The viability of human intestinal Caco-2 cells decreased after 24 h of exposure to 3 μM NX (-21.4%), 3 μM DON (-20.2%) or 10 μM 3ANX (-17.4%). Histological observations of porcine jejunal explants exposed for 4 h to 10 μM of the different toxins showed interstitial edema and cellular debris. Explants exposed to NX also displayed cell vacuolization, a broken epithelial barrier and high loss of villi. Whole transcriptome profiling revealed that NX, DON and 3ANX modulated 369, 146 and 55 genes, respectively. Functional analyses indicated that the three toxins regulate the same gene networks and signaling pathways mainly; cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and growth, and particularly immune and pro-inflammatory responses. Greater transcriptional impacts were observed with NX than with DON. In conclusion, our data revealed that the three toxins have similar impacts on the intestine but of different magnitude: NX > DON ≫ 3ANX. NX and 3ANX should consequently be included in overall risk analysis linked to the presence of trichothecenes in our diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pierron
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Neves
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Statistical Integration of 'Omics Data Increases Biological Knowledge Extracted from Metabolomics Data: Application to Intestinal Exposure to the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060407. [PMID: 34205708 PMCID: PMC8233929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of low doses of toxicants are often subtle and information extracted from metabolomic data alone may not always be sufficient. As end products of enzymatic reactions, metabolites represent the final phenotypic expression of an organism and can also reflect gene expression changes caused by this exposure. Therefore, the integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data could improve the extracted biological knowledge on these toxicants induced disruptions. In the present study, we applied statistical integration tools to metabolomic and transcriptomic data obtained from jejunal explants of pigs exposed to the food contaminant, deoxynivalenol (DON). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and self-organizing map (SOM) were compared for the identification of correlated transcriptomic and metabolomic features, and O2-PLS was used to model the relationship between exposure and selected features. The integration of both 'omics data increased the number of discriminant metabolites discovered (39) by about 10 times compared to the analysis of the metabolomic dataset alone (3). Besides the disturbance of energy metabolism previously reported, assessing correlations between both functional levels revealed several other types of damage linked to the intestinal exposure to DON, including the alteration of protein synthesis, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation. This confirms the added value of integration to enrich the biological knowledge extracted from metabolomics.
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He Y, Yin X, Dong J, Yang Q, Wu Y, Gong Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Caco-2 Cells upon the Exposure of Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:167. [PMID: 33671637 PMCID: PMC7927021 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) are type B trichothecenes; one of the major pollutants in food and feed products. Although the toxicity of DON has been well documented, information on the toxicity of its acetylated derivative remains incomplete. To acquire more detailed insight into 3-ADON and 15-ADON, Caco-2 cells under 0.5 µM DON, 3-ADON and 15-ADON treatment for 24 h were subjected to RNA-seq analysis. In the present study, 2656, 3132 and 2425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected, respectively, and were enriched utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) database. The upregulation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), WEE1 homolog 2 (WEE2) and downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), minichromosome maintenance (MCMs), cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs), and E2Fs indicate that the three toxins induced DNA damage, inhibition of DNA replication and cell cycle arrest in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, the upregulation of sestrin (SENEs) and NEIL1 implied that the reason for DNA damage may be attributable to oxidative stress. Our study provides insight into the toxic mechanism of 3-ADON and 15-ADON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun He
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Q.Y.)
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Holanda DM, Kim SW. Investigation of the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying additive on health and growth of newly-weaned pigs under deoxynivalenol challenges. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:405-416. [PMID: 33152208 PMCID: PMC7961193 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effects of feeding diets naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (supplemental 2 mg/kg) on health, growth, and the effects of a mycotoxin-detoxifying additive in newly-weaned pigs. Methods Thirty-six pigs (27 day-old) were housed individually and assigned to 3 treatments for 5 weeks: CON (diet containing minimal deoxynivalenol), MT (diet with supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), and MT+D (MT + mycotoxin-detoxifying additive, 0.2%, MegaFix, ICC, São Paulo, Brazil). The mycotoxin-detoxifying additive included bentonite, algae, enzymes, and yeast. Blood was taken at week 2 and 5. Jejunal tissue were taken at week 5. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results Pigs fed MT+D tended to have decreased (p = 0.056) averaged daily feed intake during week 1 than MT. At week 2, serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase in MT tended to be lower (p = 0.059) than CON, whereas it was increased (p< 0.05) for MT+D than MT, indicating hepatic damages in MT and recovery in MT+D. Pigs fed MT had lower (p<0.05) blood urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON, supporting hepatic damage. At week 5, pigs fed MT tended to have reduced (p = 0.079) glucose than CON, whereas it was increased (p<0.05) for MT+D than MT, indicating impaired intestinal glucose absorption in MT, which was improved in MT+D. Pigs fed CON tended to have increased (p = 0.057) total glutathione in jejunum than MT, indicating oxidative stress in MT. Pigs fed MT+D had a reduced (p<0.05) proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in jejunum than MT, indicating lower enterocyte proliferation in MT+D. Conclusion Feeding supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol reduced growth and debilitated hepatic health of pigs, as seen in leakage of hepatic enzymes, impaired nitrogen metabolism, and increase in oxidative stress. The mycotoxin-detoxifying enhanced hepatic health and glucose levels, and attenuated gut damage in pigs fed deoxynivalenol contaminated diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
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16
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Jourdan F, Chalzaviel M, Pinton P, Cossalter AM, Achard C, Castex M, Combes S, Bracarense APL, Oswald IP. 1H-NMR metabolomics response to a realistic diet contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: Effect of probiotics supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111222. [PMID: 32145353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-level contamination of food and feed by deoxynivalenol (DON) is unavoidable. We investigated the effects of subclinical treatment with DON, and supplementation with probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii I1079 as a preventive strategy in piglets. Thirty-six animals were randomly assigned to either a control diet, a diet contaminated with DON (3 mg/kg), a diet supplemented with yeast (4 × 109 CFU/kg), or a DON-contaminated diet supplemented with yeast, for four weeks. Plasma and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analysis,1H-NMR untargeted metabolomics, and histology. DON induced no significant modifications in biochemical parameters. However, lesion scores were higher and metabolomics highlighted alterations of amino acid and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. Administering yeast affected aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis and amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Yeast supplementation of piglets exposed to DON prevented histological alterations, and partial least square discriminant analysis emphasised similarity between the metabolic profiles of their plasma and that of the control group. The effect on liver metabolome remained marginal, indicating that the toxicity of the mycotoxin was not eliminated. These findings show that the 1H-NMR metabolomics profile is a reliable biomarker to assess subclinical exposure to DON, and that supplementation with S. cerevisiae boulardii increases the resilience of piglets to this mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Université D'Abomey-Calavi, Ecole Polytechnique D'Abomey, Calavi, Benin.
| | - Cecile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Anne Marie Cossalter
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Caroline Achard
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | | | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Guo H, Ji J, Wang J, Sun X. Deoxynivalenol: Masked forms, fate during food processing, and potential biological remedies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:895-926. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jia‐sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
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Liu Y, Chang J, Wang P, Yin QQ, Huang WW, Liu CQ, Bai XX, Zhu Q, Gao TZ, Zhou P. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on alleviating cytotoxicity of porcine jejunal epithelia cells induced by deoxynivalenol. AMB Express 2019; 9:137. [PMID: 31482249 PMCID: PMC6722165 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the mycotoxins most frequently encountering in cereal-based foods throughout the world. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to alleviate porcine jejunal epithelia cell (IPEC-J2) injury induced by DON in this study. The results indicated that cell viability and proliferation rates were significantly decreased when DON concentrations were increased from 0 to 64 µM after 24 h incubation (p < 0.05). The longer incubation time and higher DON concentrations would cause more serious effects on cell viability. S. cerevisiae could significantly degrade DON and decrease lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cells induced by DON (p < 0.05). DON (4 µM) could increase necrotic and apoptotic cell rates as well as decrease viable cell rates, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). However, S. cerevisiae addition in the DON group could decrease necrotic, late apoptotic and early apoptotic cell rates by 38.05%, 46.37% and 44.78% respectively, increase viable cell rates by 2.35%, compared with the single DON group (p < 0.05). In addition, S. cerevisiae addition could up-regulate mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05), but down-regulate mRNA abundances of tight junction proteins (TJP-1) and occludin by 36.13% and 50.18% at 1 µM of DON (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that S. cerevisiae was able to alleviate IPEC-J2 cell damage exposed to DON.
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Guo W, Gu X, Tong Y, Wang X, Wu J, Chang C. Protective effects of mannan/β-glucans from yeast cell wall on the deoxyniyalenol-induced oxidative stress and autophagy in IPEC-J2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:619-629. [PMID: 31132443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biomacromolecules mannan/β-glucans from yeast cell wall (BYCW) to alleviate Deoxynivalenol(DON)-induced injury. Considering that DON has strong oxidizing effect and stimulates autophagy and apoptosis, we examined the effects of BYCW on consequent oxidative stress damage indicators, cells autophagy and apoptosis induced by DON using the porcine jejunum epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2) as a cell culture model. The results showed that application of BYCW could reverse the decrease of cell viability by DON significantly, and suppress the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 and -6 (IL-8 and IL-6), except IL-1β. Further experiments revealed that BYCW treatment counteracted the DON-induced down-regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Through western blot analysis, we observed that BYCW treatment was able to down-regulate the expression of autophagy protein LC3-II and up-regulate the expression of P62 protein against DON, which suggested that autophagy induced by DON may be suppressed. Altogether, these results indicated a potential ability of supplementation of BYCW to improve cell growth and metabolism as well as the preventive properties of BYCW against the DON-induced cell damage by activating antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yaqi Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jine Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Staple Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Hubei, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chao Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Staple Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Hubei, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Mendel M, Karlik W, Chłopecka M. The impact of chlorophyllin on deoxynivalenol transport across jejunum mucosa explants obtained from adult pigs. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 35:187-196. [PMID: 30710317 PMCID: PMC6478627 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the efforts put into preventing or reducing fungal growth, extensive mycotoxin contamination has been reported in animal feeds. In the case of pigs, one of the mycotoxins of major concern is deoxynivalenol (DON). The use of adsorbents as feed additives represents one of the strategies to control mycotoxins' contamination in feedstuff. Therefore, the aim of the study was to verify the ability of chlorophyllin (CHL) to reduce the absorption rate of DON in swine mucosa explants. Intestine was obtained from routinely slaughtered adult pigs. The mucosa explants were studied by means of Ussing chamber technique. The effect of DON (10 and 30 μg/ml) on mucosa viability and permeability and CHL (100 μg/ml) impact on DON (30 μg/ml) absorption was verified. The results revealed that mucosa explants isolated from adult animals remained unaffected for 90 min in the presence of DON in the lower concentration (10 μg/ml). Mycotoxin in the higher dose (30 μg/ml) increased mucosa permeability (decreased transepithelial electrical resistance value) and enhanced paracellular transport of lucifer yellow and mannitol but did not affect lactate dehydrogenase leakage. The introduction of CHL neither diminished the absorption rate of DON across swine mucosa explants nor prevented the toxic effects of DON on intestine. In conclusion, the results confirm the negative effect of DON on pig jejunum mucosa. However, the toxic effect of DON was observed only when it was used in relatively high doses. A promising adsorbent agent, CHL, failed to reduce the intensity of DON transport across intestine under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St, Warsaw, Poland
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Pinton P, Oswald IP. Effects of Mycotoxins on the Intestine. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030159. [PMID: 30871167 PMCID: PMC6468410 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP2009 Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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