1
|
Li X, Long J, Yao C, Liu X, Li N, Zhou Y, Li D, Xiong G, Wang K, Hao Y, Chen K, Zhou Z, Ji A, Luo P, Cai T. The role of BTG2/PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated microglial activation in T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2024; 400:S0378-4274(24)01072-5. [PMID: 39147216 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the mycotoxins widely distributed in human food and animal feed. Our recent work has shown that microglial activation may contribute to T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms involved need to be further clarified. To address this, we employed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and found altered B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) expression levels in microglia following T-2 toxin treatment. It has been shown that altered BTG2 expression is involved in a range of neurological pathologies, but whether it's involved in the regulation of microglial activation is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BTG2 in T-2 toxin-induced microglial activation. The results of animal experiments showed that T-2 toxin caused neurobehavioral disorders and promoted the expression of microglial BTG2 and pro-inflammatory activation of microglia in hippocampus and cortical, while microglial inhibitor minocycline inhibited these changes. The results of in vitro experiments showed that T-2 toxin enhanced BTG2 expression and pro-inflammatory microglial activation, and inhibited BTG2 expression weakened T-2 toxin-induced microglial activation. Moreover, T-2 toxin activated PI3K/AKT and its downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, which could be reversed after knock-down of BTG2 expression. Meanwhile, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 also blocked this process. Therefore, BTG2 may be involved in T-2 toxin's ability to cause microglial activation through PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiukuan Li
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China 561113; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Jinyun Long
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China 561113; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Na Li
- Chongqing Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China 402160
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Guiyuan Xiong
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China 561113; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Kexue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038
| | - Ailing Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China 401331.
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China 561113.
| | - Tongjian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China 400038; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China 561113.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng S, Li H, Dong H, Qi F, Zhang B, Yu Q, Lin B, Jiang H, Du H, Liu Y, Yu J. A preliminary study of T-2 toxin that cause liver injury in rats via the NF-kB and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis pathway. Toxicon 2024:108060. [PMID: 39117157 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is recognized as the most potent and prevalent secondary metabolite among monotrichous mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species. Multiple studies have substantiated the hepatotoxic effects of T-2 toxin. This study aimed to investigate whether NF-κB and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the underlying mechanism of T-2 toxin hepatotoxicity. We designed three groups of rat models, blank control; solvent control and T-2 toxin (0.2 mg/kg body weight/day), which were euthanized at week 8 after gavage staining of the toxin. Through HE staining and biochemical indicators associated with liver injury, we observed that T-2 toxin induced liver damage in rats. By Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR, we found that the expression levels of pyroptosis-related genes and proteins were significantly higher in the T-2 toxin group. In addition, we also found a significant increase in the expression of p-NF-κB protein, an upstream regulator of NLRP3. In conclusion, NF-κB and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis may be involved in the mechanism of hepatotoxic action of T-2 toxin, which provides a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Hexuan Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Fang Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Buyi Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Haoyu Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology(Harbin Medical University): No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China (150081); Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province: No. 157, Health Care Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu Y, Yan J, Yue A, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo H, Ding Y, Lyu F, Fu Y. A comprehensive review of biodetoxification of trichothecenes: Mechanisms, limitations and novel strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114275. [PMID: 38609252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are Fusarium mycotoxins with sesquiterpenoid structure, which are widely occurred in grains. Due to high efficiency and environmental friendliness, biological detoxification methods have been of great interest to treat this global food and feed safety concern. This review summarized the biological detoxification methods of trichothecenes from three aspects, biosorption, biotransformation and biotherapy. The detoxification efficiency, characteristics, mechanisms and limitations of different strategies were discussed in detail. Computer-aided design will bring a new research paradigm for more efficient discovery of biodetoxifier. Integrating different detoxification approaches assisted with computational tools will become a promising research direction in the future, which will help to maximize the detoxification effect, or provide precise detoxification programs for the coexistence of various toxins at different levels in actual production. In addition, technical and regulatory issues in practical application were also discussed. These findings contribute to the exploration of efficient, applicable and sustainable methods for trichothecenes detoxification, ensuring the safety of food and feed to reduce the deleterious effects of trichothecenes on humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aodong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianzhuang Tan
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palani N, Vijayakumar P, Monisha P, Ayyadurai S, Rajadesingu S. Electrospun nanofibers synthesized from polymers incorporated with bioactive compounds for wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:211. [PMID: 38678271 PMCID: PMC11056076 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative wound dressing materials is crucial for effective wound care. It's an active area of research driven by a better understanding of chronic wound pathogenesis. Addressing wound care properly is a clinical challenge, but there is a growing demand for advancements in this field. The synergy of medicinal plants and nanotechnology offers a promising approach to expedite the healing process for both acute and chronic wounds by facilitating the appropriate progression through various healing phases. Metal nanoparticles play an increasingly pivotal role in promoting efficient wound healing and preventing secondary bacterial infections. Their small size and high surface area facilitate enhanced biological interaction and penetration at the wound site. Specifically designed for topical drug delivery, these nanoparticles enable the sustained release of therapeutic molecules, such as growth factors and antibiotics. This targeted approach ensures optimal cell-to-cell interactions, proliferation, and vascularization, fostering effective and controlled wound healing. Nanoscale scaffolds have significant attention due to their attractive properties, including delivery capacity, high porosity and high surface area. They mimic the Extracellular matrix (ECM) and hence biocompatible. In response to the alarming rise of antibiotic-resistant, biohybrid nanofibrous wound dressings are gradually replacing conventional antibiotic delivery systems. This emerging class of wound dressings comprises biopolymeric nanofibers with inherent antibacterial properties, nature-derived compounds, and biofunctional agents. Nanotechnology, diminutive nanomaterials, nanoscaffolds, nanofibers, and biomaterials are harnessed for targeted drug delivery aimed at wound healing. This review article discusses the effects of nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with nanoparticles on wound healing, including biological (in vivo and in vitro) and mechanical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Palani
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeshwaran Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Monisha
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem, 636 016, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanakumar Ayyadurai
- Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suriyaprakash Rajadesingu
- Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang P, Sun LH, Wang X, Wu Q, Liu A. Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:251-266. [PMID: 38362519 PMCID: PMC10867609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed. It can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing. Therefore, suppressing T-2 toxin-induced organ toxicity through antidotes is an urgent issue. Protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin have been recorded widely in the literature, but these protective agents and their molecular mechanisms of detoxification have not been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the various protective agents to T-2 toxin and the molecular mechanisms underlying the detoxification effects. Targeting appropriate targets to antagonize T-2 toxin toxicity is also an important option. This review will provide essential guidance and strategies for the better application and development of T-2 toxin antidotes specific for organ toxicity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lv-hui Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Song W, Hua Z, Du J, Lucena RB, Wang X, Zhang C, Yang X. Overview of T-2 Toxin Enterotoxicity: From Toxic Mechanisms and Detoxification to Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3314-3324. [PMID: 38331717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium species produce a secondary metabolite known as T-2 toxin, which is the primary and most harmful toxin found in type A trichothecenes. T-2 toxin is widely found in food and grain-based animal feed and endangers the health of both humans and animals. T-2 toxin exposure in humans and animals occurs primarily through food administration; therefore, the first organ that T-2 toxin targets is the gut. In this overview, the research progress, toxicity mechanism, and detoxification of the toxin T-2 were reviewed, and future research directions were proposed. T-2 toxin damages the intestinal mucosa and destroys intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function; furthermore, T-2 toxin disrupts the intestinal microbiota, causes intestinal flora disorders, affects normal intestinal metabolic function, and kills intestinal epidermal cells by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. The primary harmful mechanism of T-2 toxin in the intestine is oxidative stress. Currently, selenium and plant extracts are mainly used to exert antioxidant effects to alleviate the enterotoxicity of T-2 toxin. In future studies, the use of genomic techniques to find upstream signaling molecules associated with T-2 enterotoxin toxicity will provide new ideas for the prevention of this toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of research on the intestinal toxicity of T-2 toxin and propose new research directions for the prevention and treatment of T-2 toxin toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, Paraiba Brazil
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang C, Ou Z, Kong L, Huang Y, Yang W, He J, Yang M, Wu J, Xiang S, Zhou Y, Yi J. Betulinic acid attenuates T-2 toxin-induced lung injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicon 2024; 241:107652. [PMID: 38395262 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, a type-A trichothecene mycotoxin, exists ubiquitously in mildewed foods and feeds. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from plants, has the effect of relieving inflammation and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BA mitigates lung impairment caused by T-2 toxin and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that T-2 toxin triggered the inflammatory cell infiltration, morphological alterations and cell apoptosis in the lungs. It is gratifying that BA ameliorated T-2 toxin-caused lung injury. The protein expression of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and the markers of antioxidative capability were improved in T-2 toxin induced lung injury by BA mediated protection. Simultaneously, BA supplementation could suppress T-2 toxin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent inflammatory response and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Therefore, T-2 toxin gave rise to pulmonary toxicity, but these changes were moderated by BA administration through regulation of the Nrf2/MAPK/NF-κB pathway, which maybe offer a viable alternative for mitigating the lung impairments caused by the mycotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhaoping Ou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jiayu He
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Siting Xiang
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:85-95. [PMID: 38217761 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a representative trichothecene that is widely detected in corn, wheat and other grain feeds. T-2 toxin has stable physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to remove from food and feed. Hence, T-2 toxin has become an unavoidable pollutant in food for humans and animals. T-2 toxin can enter brain tissue by crossing the blood-brain barrier and leads to congestion, swelling and even apoptosis of neurons. T-2 toxin poisoning can directly lead to clinical symptoms (anti-feeding reaction and decline of learning and memory function in humans and animals). Maternal T-2 toxin exposure also exerted toxic effects on the central nervous system of offspring. Oxidative stress is the core neurotoxicity mechanism underlying T-2 toxin poison. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammation are all involved in the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress has become a potential target for relieving the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Future efforts should be devoted to revealing the neurotoxic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin and exploring effective therapeutic drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruan H, Huang Y, Yue B, Zhang Y, Lv J, Miao K, Zhang D, Luo J, Yang M. Insights into the intestinal toxicity of foodborne mycotoxins through gut microbiota: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4758-4785. [PMID: 37755064 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are fungal metabolites, pose a significant global food safety concern by extensively contaminating food and feed, thereby seriously threatening public health and economic development. Many foodborne mycotoxins exhibit potent intestinal toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying mycotoxin-induced intestinal toxicity are diverse and complex, and effective prevention or treatment methods for this condition have not yet been established in clinical and animal husbandry practices. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the intestinal toxicity mechanisms of six common foodborne mycotoxins. It also explores novel toxicity mechanisms through the "key gut microbiota-key metabolites-key targets" axis, utilizing multiomics and precision toxicology studies with a specific focus on gut microbiota. Additionally, we examine the potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on mycotoxin-induced toxicity based on initial gut microbiota-mediated mycotoxicity. This review offers a systematic description of how mycotoxins impact gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes or proteins, providing valuable insights for subsequent toxicity studies of mycotoxins. Furthermore, it lays a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating intestinal toxicity caused by mycotoxins and advancing food safety practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binyang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li N, Yao CY, Diao J, Liu XL, Tang EJ, Huang QS, Zhou YM, Hu YG, Li XK, Long JY, Xiao H, Li DW, Du N, Li YF, Luo P, Cai TJ. The role of MAPK/NF-κB-associated microglial activation in T-2 toxin-induced mouse learning and memory impairment. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113663. [PMID: 36775139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin with multiple toxic effects and has emerged as an important food pollutant. Microglia play a significant role in the toxicity of various neurotoxins. However, whether they participate in the neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin has not been reported. To clarify this point, an in vivo mouse model of T-2 toxin (4 mg/kg) poisoning was established. The results of Morris water maze and open-field showed that T-2 toxin induced learning and memory impairment and locomotor inhibition. Meanwhile, T-2 toxin induced microglial activation, while inhibiting microglia activation by minocycline (50 mg/kg) suppressed the toxic effect of the T-2 toxin. To further unveil the potential mechanisms involved in T-2 toxin-induced microglial activation, an in vitro model of T-2 toxin (0, 2.5, 5, 10 ng/mL) poisoning was established using BV-2 cells. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed lots of differentially expressed genes related to MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Western blotting results further confirmed that T-2 toxin (5 ng/mL) induced the activation of MAPKs and their downstream NF-κB. Moreover, the addition of inhibitors of NF-κB and MAPKs reversed the microglial activation induced by T-2 toxin. Overall, microglial activation may contribute a considerable role in T-2 toxin-induced behavioral abnormalities, which could be MAPK/NF-κB pathway dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Diao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Chongqing Jiulongpo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400050, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - En-Jie Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Song Huang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue-Gu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Kuan Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin-Yun Long
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abrishamdar M, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. The effects of betulinic acid chronic administration on the motor, non-motor behaviors, and globus pallidus local field potential power in a rat model of hemiparkinsonism. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1357-1363. [PMID: 36474564 PMCID: PMC9699954 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65623.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the central nervous system associated with motor and non-motor impairments. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural substance considered an antioxidative agent. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of BA on motor dysfunctions and globus pallidus (GP) local EEG power in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of hemiparkinsonism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Wistar rats were categorized into different groups, containing; Sham, PD, and treated groups including different doses of BA (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP), and L-dopa (20 mg/kg, PO, as positive control). The lesion was induced in the right medial forebrain bundle by injection of 6-OHDA (20 µg/kg). The treatment was begun just after the approved rotational test induced by apomorphine, 14 days after 6-OHDA administration. Motor behaviors such as catalepsy and stride-length and non-motor responses, including GP local EEG, were then assessed. Also, the levels of GSH, catalase, and concentration of dopamine in the brain tissue were measured. RESULTS Treatment of hemiparkinsonian rats with BA significantly improved catalepsy and stride-length (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) and GP frequency bands' powers (P<0.001). Moreover, the activities of GSH (P<0.001), catalase (P<0.001), and the concentration of dopamine (P<0.001) in the brain were increased. CONCLUSION Current results proved the potent ability of BA to scavenge free radicals and to remove oxidative agents in the brain tissue. This natural product could be considered a possible therapeutic compound for motor and non-motor disorders in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abrishamdar
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Alireza Sarkaki. Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang K, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Mao X, Huang Z, Yan H, Wu A, Luo Y, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J. Eugenol alleviates transmissible gastroenteritis virus-induced intestinal epithelial injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921613. [PMID: 36052062 PMCID: PMC9427193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the ability of eugenol to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo; however, whether eugenol alleviates virus-mediated intestinal barrier damage and inflammation remains a mystery. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a coronavirus, is one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in piglets and significantly impacts the global swine industry. Here, we found that eugenol could alleviate TGEV-induced intestinal functional impairment and inflammatory responses in piglets. Our results indicated that eugenol improved feed efficiency in TGEV-infected piglets. Eugenol not only increased serum immunoglobulin concentration (IgG) but also significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokine concentration (TNF-α) in TGEV-infected piglets. In addition, eugenol also significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB mRNA and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB P65 protein in the jejunum mucosa of TGEV-infected piglets. Eugenol increased villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum, and decreased serum D-lactic acid levels. Importantly, eugenol increased tight junction protein (ZO-1) and mRNA expression levels of nutrient transporter-related genes (GluT-2 and CaT-1) in the jejunum mucosa of TGEV-infected piglets. Meanwhile, compared with TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, treatment with eugenol reduced the cell cytopathic effect, attenuated the inflammatory response. Interestingly, eugenol did not increase the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in IPEC-J2 cells. However, western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that eugenol restored TGEV-induced down-regulation of ZO-1 and Occludin, while BAY11-7082 (The NF-κB specific inhibitor) enhanced the regulatory ability of eugenol. Our findings demonstrated that eugenol attenuated TGEV-induced intestinal injury by increasing the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, which may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Eugenol may offer some therapeutic opportunities for coronavirus-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junqiu Luo,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168896. [PMID: 36012159 PMCID: PMC9408012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang Y, Zhu Z, Luo C, Ma C, Zhu L, Kong L, Li R, Wu J, Yuan Z, Yi J. Betulinic acid attenuates cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a model of T-2 toxin-induced brain damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52098-52110. [PMID: 35254615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin that has harmful effects on the immune system and cognitive function. Betulinic acid (BA) is a plant-derived pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid which possesses a wide spectrum of bioactivities. The study was aimed to explore whether BA has a protective effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress caused by T-2 toxin. BA was suspended in 1% soluble starch by continuous intragastric administration for 14 days, then the brain damage in mice was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of T-2 toxin (4 mg/kg). It was found that BA alleviated the reduction of discrimination index in T-2 toxin-treated mice, and enhanced dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and acetylcholine (ACH) levels of brain neurotransmitter. Meanwhile, BA pretreatment ameliorated oxidative stress through increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) levels, and inhibition of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain of mice exposed to T-2 toxin. Moreover, BA reduced brain hemorrhage and ecchymosis, improved the mitochondrial morphology, enriched the number of organelles, and inhibited cell apoptosis in brain challenged with T-2 toxin. Furthermore, BA inhibited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as enhanced mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 in the brain of T-2 toxin-triggered mice. Therefore, BA could improve the cognitive function, enhance the antioxidant capacity, and inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in brain, thereby playing a preventive and protective role against brain damage caused by T-2 toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chenxi Luo
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin X, Zhu L, Gao X, Kong L, Huang Y, Zhao H, Chen Y, Wen L, Li R, Wu J, Yuan Z, Yi J. Ameliorative effect of betulinic acid against zearalenone exposure triggers testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice via p38/ERK MAPK inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113561. [PMID: 35489292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, which mainly contaminates grains and has estrogen-like effects on the reproductive system. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate whether BA alleviates ZEA-induced testicular damage and explore the possible mechanism. Here, BA ameliorated testicular damage by mitigating the disordered arrangement of seminiferous tubules, the exfoliation of lumen cells, and the increase of cell apoptosis caused by ZEA. Meanwhile, BA alleviated ZEA-triggered testicular damage by restoring hormone levels and sperm motility, and reconstructing the blood-testis-barrier. Moreover, BA alleviated ZEA-exposed testicular oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, BA moderated ZEA-evoked testicular inflammation by inhibiting p38/ERK MAPK pathway. Overall, our results revealed that BA has a therapeutic protective effect on ZEA-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress via p38/ERK MAPK inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation, which provides a viable alternative to alleviate ZEA-induced male reproductive toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yazhi Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao W, Liu M, Chen X, You L, Ma Y, Hileuskaya K. Effects of UV/H 2O 2 degradation and step gradient ethanol precipitation on Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides: Physicochemical characterization and protective effects against intestinal epithelial injury. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111093. [PMID: 35400466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the degraded purified fraction from Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFP), named DSFP, was produced by the treatment of ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) degradation and step gradient ethanol precipitation. Results showed that the treatment significantly reduced the molecular weight of polysaccharides, from 282.83 kDa to 18.54 kDa, and influenced their surface morphology and roughness. SFP and DSFP were typical sulfated polysaccharides, mainly composed of fucose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, galactose, and mannose. Both SFP and DSFP increased cell migration during intestinal epithelial wound healing and stimulated the cell cycle progression by promoting the transition from G0/G1 to S phase in the rat intestine epithelium cells (IEC-6). But DSFP had a stronger positive effect on wound healing and cell migration than SFP. It reinforced the intestinal barrier function and attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced intestinal inflammation. DSFP significantly downregulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase by 53.14%, 92.41%, 66.01%, 68.24%, and 78.09%, respectively, and upregulated that of interleukin-10 by 2.48 folds when compared to the model. Therefore, the treatment (UV/H2O2 degradation and step gradient ethanol precipitation) could effectively improve the protective effects against intestinal epithelial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Yongxuan Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, China
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of National Academy of Science of Belarus
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang Y, Tang H, Zhang Z, Yang T, Wu B, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu F, Jia G. Zinc Methionine Improves the Growth Performance of Meat Ducks by Enhancing the Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:774160. [PMID: 35174244 PMCID: PMC8841862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.774160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function of meat ducks. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates (10 birds each), and fed diets with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 150 mg/kg Zn for 35 d. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with Zn-Met substantially increased the average daily gain (ADG), and reduced the feed to gain ratio (F/G) during 1–35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn-Met markedly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of critical antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were increased by Zn in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg of Zn significantly reduced the diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). Different levels of Zn can increase the mRNA expression of occluding (OCLN) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with zinc significantly increased the content of mucin2 (MUC2), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunum of meat ducks (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that 150 mg/kg of Zn had a higher relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Zn-Met improved the growth performance of meat ducks by enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function. This study provides data support for the application of Zn-Met in meat duck breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huangyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Jia ;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie W, Hu W, Huang Z, Li M, Zhang H, Huang X, Yao P. Betulinic acid accelerates diabetic wound healing by modulating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and glucose intolerance. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac007. [PMID: 35415192 PMCID: PMC8993492 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes significantly delays wound healing through oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired re-epithelialization that lead to defective regulation of the healing process, although the related mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the potential role and mechanism for the beneficial effect of betulinic acid (BA) on diabetic wound healing. METHODS The molecular effect of BA on hyperglycemia-mediated gene expression, oxidative stress, inflammation and glucose uptake was evaluated in endothelial, fibroblast and muscle cells. Burn injury was introduced to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and BA administration through either an intraperitoneal (IP) or topical (TOP) technique was used for wound treatment. Glucose tolerance was evaluated in both muscle tissue and fibroblasts, while oxidative stress and inflammation were determined in both the circulatory system and in wound tissues. The effect of BA on the wound healing process was also evaluated. RESULTS BA treatment reversed hyperglycemia-induced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) suppression in both muscle and fibroblast cells. This treatment also partly reversed hyperglycemia-mediated suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling and nuclear factor NFκB p65 subunit (NFκB p65) activation in endothelial cells. An in vivo rat study showed that BA administration ameliorated diabetes-mediated glucose intolerance and partly attenuated diabetes-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in both the circulatory system and wound tissues. BA administration by both IP and TOP techniques significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing, while BA administration by either IP or TOP methods alone had a significantly lower effect. CONCLUSIONS BA treatment ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated glucose intolerance, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Administration of BA by both IP and TOP techniques was found to significantly accelerate diabetic wound healing, indicating that BA could be a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xie
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
| | - Weigang Hu
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
| | - Paul Yao
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060 P.R. China
- Correspondence.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He E, Ma Y, Kong L, Huang Y, Huang C, Yang W, Yi J, Zhu L. Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways and hepatocyte apoptosis participates in the attenuation of betulinic acid on alcohol-provoked liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:11489-11502. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BA protects against alcohol-induced liver damage through the alleviation of oxidative stress and suppression of ERS-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enqi He
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunlin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ou Z, Zhu L, Huang C, Ma C, Kong L, Lin X, Gao X, Huang L, Wen L, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yi J. Betulinic acid attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal mucosa injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways and activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112746. [PMID: 34482064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been associated with several biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that BA has the ability to alleviate intestinal mucosal damage, however, the potential mechanism associated with the effect has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanism of BA against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Here, we found that BA pretreatment prevented intestinal mucosal barrier dysfuction from CYP-challenged mice by repairing the intestinal physical, chemical, and immune barriers. Moreover, BA treatment suppressed the CYP-induced oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor (Nrf2) pathway blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, BA inhibited CYP-triggered intestinal inflammation through down-regulating the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, BA pretreatment reduced intestinal apoptosis by blocking ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Overall, the current study demonstrated the protective effect of BA against CYP-caused intestinal mucosal damage by regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways, which may provide new therapeutic targets to attenuate intestinal impairment and maintain intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Ou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li X, Wang X, Liu S, Wang J, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Li R. Betulinic acid attenuates T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity in porcine kidney cells by blocking oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109124. [PMID: 34224893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is highly cytotoxic to animals, which causes damage to animal health and great economic losses to agriculture and livestock production. Betulinic acid (BA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid, has various biological and medicinal activities in vivo and in vitro. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of T-2 toxin and the reversal effect of BA on porcine kidney (PK-15) cells. We evaluated T-2 toxin-induced apoptotic responses via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways by assessing the repair effect of BA in PK-15 cells. The results proved that T-2 toxin (1 μM, treated for 24 h) is highly toxic to PK-15 cells. After pre-treatment with BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM) for 24 h, the cell viabilities were significantly increased, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media was dramatically decreased compared to that in the T-2 toxin treatment group. BA also enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT) and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells. BA also dose-dependently increased the expression of glucose regulated protein (GRP78), reduced expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), the phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BA significantly decreased the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-12, consequently reducing T-2 toxin-induced PK-15 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, we suggest that BA has a protective effect on T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in PK-15 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, PR China
| | - XiangYan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Betulinic Acid Ameliorates the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis via Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136871. [PMID: 34206763 PMCID: PMC8268208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder, involving acinar cell death and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Currently, there are limited effective therapeutic agents for AP. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from Betula platyphylla that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of BA on AP and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. AP was induced in mice through six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein. After the last cerulein injection, the mice were sacrificed. Our results revealed that pre- and post-treatment with BA significantly reduced the severity of pancreatitis, as evidenced by a decrease in histological damage in the pancreas and lung, serum amylase and lipase activity and pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, BA pretreatment reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, augmentation of chemokines, and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the pancreas of AP mice. In addition, mice that were pretreated with BA showed a reduction in Iκ-Bα degradation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) binding activity in the pancreas. Moreover, BA reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). These findings suggest that BA may have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on AP via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao J, Wan S, Sun N, Sun P, Sun Y, Khan A, Guo J, Zheng X, Fan K, Yin W, Li H. Damage to intestinal barrier integrity in piglets caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res 2021; 52:93. [PMID: 34162433 PMCID: PMC8220790 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) induces respiratory disease and reproductive failure accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms. The mechanism of intestinal barrier injury caused by PRRSV infection in piglets has yet to be investigated. An in vivo PRRSV-induced model was established in 30-day-old piglets by the intramuscular injection of 2 mL of 104 TCID50/mL PRRSV for 15 days. Observations of PRRSV replication and histology were conducted in the lungs and intestine, and goblet cell counts, relative MUC2 mRNA expression, and tight junction protein, proinflammatory cytokine, TLR4, MyD88, IκB and p-IκB expression were measured. PRRSV replicated in the lungs and small intestine, as demonstrated by absolute RT-qPCR quantification, and the PRRSV N protein was detected in the lung interstitium and jejunal mucosa. PRRSV infection induced both lung and gut injury, markedly decreased villus height and the villus to crypt ratio in the small intestine, and obviously increased the number of goblet cells and the relative expression of MUC2 mRNA in the jejunum. PRRSV infection aggravated the morphological depletion of tight junction proteins and increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expression by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway in the jejunum. PRRSV infection impaired intestinal integrity by damaging physical and immune barriers in the intestine by inducing inflammation, which may be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. This study also provides a new hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of PRRSV-induced diarrhoea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuangxiu Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bailly C. Acankoreagenin and acankoreosides, a family of lupane triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory properties: an overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1502:14-27. [PMID: 34145915 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acankoreagenin (ACK, also known as acankoreanogenin and HLEDA) and impressic acid are two lupane-type triterpenes that can be isolated from various Acanthopanax and Schefflera species. They efficiently block activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and/or the action of inflammation mediators (HMGB1, iNOS, and NO). These effects are the basis for the antiviral and anticancer activities reported with these pentacyclic compounds or their various glycoside derivatives. More than 15 acankoreosides (Ack-A to -O, and -R) and a few other mono- and bidesmosidic saponins (acantrifoside A and acangraciliside S) derive from the ACK aglycone. Compounds like Ack-A and -B are remarkable anti-inflammatory agents, inhibiting cytokine release from activated macrophages. Despite their effectiveness, ACK and impressic acid are far much less known and studied than the structurally related compounds betulinic acid and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (anemosapogenin). The structural differences (notably the R/S stereoisomerism of the 3-hydroxyl group) and functional similarities of these compounds are discussed. The complete series of acankoreosides is presented for the first time. These natural products deserve further attention as anti-inflammatory agents, and ACK is recommended as a template for the design of new anticancer and antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Malvandi AM. Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4. [PMID: 33932215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. This paper reviews the current understanding of mycotoxins' neuro-immunotoxic features under low-dose exposure and the possible ways for detoxification and clearance as a perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS Multimedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Betulinic Acid Alleviates Spleen Oxidative Damage Induced by Acute Intraperitoneal Exposure to T-2 Toxin by Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020158. [PMID: 33499152 PMCID: PMC7912660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin, which is mainly produced by specific strains of Fusarium in nature, can induce immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, resulting in immune organ dysfunction and apoptosis. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoids from nature plants, has been demonstrated to possess immunomodulating and antioxidative bioactivities. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of BA on T-2 toxin-challenged spleen oxidative damage and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. We found that BA not only ameliorated the contents of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) but also restored the number of lymphocytes in T-2 toxin-induced mice. BA dose-dependently reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the spleen of T-2-toxin-exposed mice. Moreover, BA reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the spleen, improved the morphology of mitochondria and enriched the number of organelles in splenocytes, and dramatically attenuated T-2 toxin-triggered splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, administration of BA alleviated the protein phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK); decreased the protein expression of kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein1 (Keap1); and increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the spleen. These findings demonstrate that BA defends against spleen oxidative damage associated with T-2 toxin injection by decreasing ROS accumulation and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, as well as inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
Collapse
|