1
|
Pesset CM, Fonseca COD, Antunes M, Santos ALLD, Teixeira IM, Ferreira EDO, Penna B. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium implants. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:88-97. [PMID: 38407199 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2320721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis often involves Staphylococcus spp. as the isolated genus in domestic animal cases. Implant-related infections, frequently associated with biofilm-forming microorganisms like staphylococci species, necessitate careful material selection. This study assessed biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium nuts used in veterinary orthopaedic surgery. Biofilm quantification employed safranin staining and spectrophotometric measurement, while bacterial counts were determined in colony-forming units (CFU). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) evaluated the biofilm morphology on the surface of titanium nuts. All samples had CFU counts. Absorbance values that evidence biofilm formation were observed in seven of the eight samples tested. SEM images revealed robust bacterial colonization, and significant extracellular polymeric substance production, and the negative control displayed surface irregularities on the nut. Whole genome sequencing revealed accessory Gene Regulator (agr) type III in six samples, agr IV and agr II in two each. Genes encoding hlb, luk-S, luk-F, siet, se_int, and the icaADCB operon were identified in all sequenced samples. Other exfoliative toxins were absent. Biofilm formation by S. pseudintermedius was detected in all samples, indicating the susceptibility of orthopaedic titanium alloys to adhesion and biofilm formation by veterinary species. The biofilm formation capacity raises concerns about potential post-surgical complications and associated costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Malcher Pesset
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carolina O da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza L Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Melo Teixeira
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang L, Liu C, Li Z, Huang X, Zheng R, Shi Z, Hong X, Qin Y, Liu G. Characteristics of Virulent ST5-SCC mec II Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevalent in a Surgery Ward. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3487-3495. [PMID: 37293535 PMCID: PMC10244206 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s410330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the transmission pathway of a MRSA prevalence in a pancreatic surgery ward in a Chinese teaching hospital. Methods Molecular epidemiology investigations were carried out combined PFGE, MLST, SCCmec typing and whole-genome sequencing for 20 successive MRSA isolates (2 isolates from the ward environment). Resistance and virulence genes were detected using specific PCR. Bacterial identification and AST were performed using the Vitek 2 Compact System. Clinical data of enrolled cases were retrieved from electronic case records. Results From January 2020 to May 2020, successive isolated 20 MRSA strains were clarified to 2 PFGE patterns (A = 19, B = 1) in the ward. Both isolates from environment and patients belonged to sequence type ST5-SCCmec II-spa type t311. MRSA-related resistance genes mecA, blaZ, ermA, ant(4')-Ia and norA were found in each clone. All 20 isolates carried tst, hlg, hla, eta, eap, fnbA and seo virulence genes, other virulence genes such as sea, sec, seb, seg, sei, sem, sen, ebpS and fnbB were also found in partial stains. All patients had fever symptom, 27.8% were accompanied by diarrhea, 88.9% had undergone surgery or invasive procedures within 30 days. Finally, 94.4% of these patients recovered. Conclusion This study confirmed a prevalence of ST5-MRSA-II-t311 clone in a surgery ward, indicated MRSA is a risk factor for post-surgery nosocomial infection and hand hygiene and environmental surveillance should not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Li
- Department of Infection Control, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee YJ, Jung HR, Yoon S, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Situational analysis on fluoroquinolones use and characterization of high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis by integrated broiler operations in South Korea. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158721. [PMID: 37077954 PMCID: PMC10109442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are classified as "critically important antimicrobials for human medicine"; however, their extensive use in livestock poses a significant health risk to humans as it leads to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study confirmed that 40.0%-71.4% of the farms in three of the five integrated broiler operations were administered ciprofloxacin (CIP). Moreover, preventive purposes (60.9%), veterinarian prescriptions (82.6%), drinking water route (100%), and 1 to 3 days (82.6%) of age were significantly highest (P < 0.05). 194 high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant (HLCR) Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were found in 65 of 74 farms, and of which, the prevalence of qnrA (63.9%), tetM (60.3%), ermB (64.9%), blaz (38.7%), and catA (34.0%) was significantly highest (P < 0.05). 154 (79.4%) isolates showed MDR, and the distribution of MDR was significantly differences among the operations (P < 0.05). All HLCR E. faecalis possessed double mutations in gyrA and parC, and S83I/S80I (90.7%) mutations were most commonly identified. Interestingly, the distribution of isolates with MICs ≥ 512 for both CIP and moxifloxacin was significantly higher in CIP-administered farms (56.5%) than in non-CIP-administered farms (41.4%) (P < 0.05). Also, the prevalence of strong or moderate biofilm formers in HLCR E. faecalis was significantly higher than that of weak and no biofilm formers (P < 0.05). HLCR E. faecalis were heavily distributed in the broiler farms in Korea; therefore, it is necessary to minimize the prevalence of resistant bacteria via structural management regulations such as cleaning and disinfection of farm environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Contribution of Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Copper and Mercury Resistance Element in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Vantage Point. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:9916255. [PMID: 36345550 PMCID: PMC9637032 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Different clones of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are dominating geographically. One of the significant, hypervirulent, CA-MRSA and a significant health concern clones is USA3000, found worldwide regionally with varying frequencies. The clone harbors several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and copper and mercury resistance genes (COMER), accomplished by horizontal gene transfer from S. epidermidis. Evidence suggests that ACME and COMER have a more prominent role in enhancing biofilm capacity and ultimately persistent infections. This review highlights the comprehensive view on ACME and COMER structure, their distribution, and the mechanism of action along with pathogenetic features of USA3000 encompassing their role in biofilm formation, adhesion, quorum sensing, resistance to antibiotics, chemotaxis, and nutrient uptake. We also provided an insight into the role of ACME and COMER genes in the survival of bacterium. Our results shed light on the emergence of two independent clones possessing ACME (North American) and COMER (South American) elements which later disseminated to other regions. ACME and COMER both are adjacent to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV (SCCmec IV). The acquisition of mecA, followed by COMER or ACME has been shown as a significant factor in the rise and fall of MRSA strains and their complex ability to adapt to hostile environments. The presence of ACME increases fitness, thereby allowing bacteria to colonize the skin and mucous membrane while COMER contributes to genetic stability by knocking over the copper-mediated killing in macrophages. Evidence suggests that ACME and COMER have a more prominent role in enhancing biofilm capacity and ultimately persistent infections. Interestingly, ACME strains have been shown to possess the ability to counteract skin acidity, thereby allowing increased skin colonization. A profound understanding of MGEs in S. aureus plays an important role in the prevention of epidemic clones.
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterization of Biofilm Producing Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080430. [PMID: 36006345 PMCID: PMC9416249 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered less virulent as they do not produce a large number of toxic enzymes and toxins; however, they have been increasingly recognized as an important cause of bovine mastitis. In particular, the ability to form biofilms appears to be an important factor in CoNS pathogenicity, and it contributes more resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic potential by assessing the biofilm-forming ability of CoNS isolated from normal bulk tank milk using the biofilm formation assay and to analyze the biofilm-associated resistance to antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. One hundred and twenty-seven (78.4%) among 162 CoNS showed the ability of biofilm formation, and all species showed a significantly high ability of biofilm formation (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of weak biofilm formers (39.1% to 80.0%) was significantly higher than that of other biofilm formers in all species (p < 0.05), the prevalence of strong biofilm formers was significantly higher in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (36.4%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (24.6%), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (21.7%) (p < 0.05). Also, 4 (11.4%) among 35 non-biofilm formers did not harbor any biofilm-associated genes, whereas all 54 strong or moderate biofilm formers harbored 1 or more of these genes. The prevalence of MDR was significantly higher in biofilm formers (73.2%) than in non-formers (20.0%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distribution of MDR in strong or moderate biofilm formers was 81.5%, which was significantly higher than in weak (67.1%) and non-formers (20.0%) (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that various CoNS isolated from bulk tank milk, not from bovine with mastitis, have already showed a high ability to form biofilms, while also displaying a high prevalence of MDR.
Collapse
|
6
|
Barbosa EV, Assumpção YM, Teixeira IM, Pereira RFA, Ribeiro VP, Bastos JK, Cardoso CV, Liberal MHT, Penna BA, Rocha LM. In vitro comparison between antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211103. [PMID: 35766601 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the leading cause of canine pyoderma. Honeybee products are common to treat this and other types of infections. High average annual population loss of bees has been observed. This study evaluated antibacterial and antibiofilm profile of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against S. pseudintermedius and the chemical similarities among both. Ethanolic extracts were produced and chemically characterized. The isolates were subjected to treatment with the extracts in both planktonic and sessile forms. Green propolis minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.156 mg / mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.312mg / mL. Baccharis dracunculifolia extract MIC and MBC was 0.312mg / mL and 2.5 mg / mL, respectivelly. Both extracts reduced SD55 formation of biofilm at minimum inhibitory concentration and at 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration. The results observed in relation to ED99, were similar for both extracts. Besides that, similar chemical indicators between both extracts, including the presence of Artepellin C, suggest that the Baccharis dracunculifolia extract could be an alternative to the Green Propolis extract in the treatment of staph infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice V Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Tecnologia em Produtos Naturais, Rua Dr. Mario Viana, 523, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yasmim M Assumpção
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Bloco E, Sala 611, Rua Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabel M Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Bloco E, Sala 611, Rua Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata F A Pereira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Rua Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor P Ribeiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa V Cardoso
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Estudos em Pragas e Parasitos, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, s/n, Bloco M, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maíra H T Liberal
- Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal (CEPGM), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São Boaventura, 770, 24120-191 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Penna
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Bloco E, Sala 611, Rua Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Tecnologia em Produtos Naturais, Rua Dr. Mario Viana, 523, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|