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Duan H, Hu J, Deng Y, Zou J, Ding W, Peng Q, Duan R, Sun J, Zhu J. Berberine Mediates the Production of Butyrate to Ameliorate Cerebral Ischemia via the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 38201839 PMCID: PMC10781073 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a vascular disease group concomitant with high morbidity and mortality. Berberine is a bioactive substance and it has been known to improve stroke, but its mechanism is yet to be proven. Mice were fed with BBR for 14 days. Then, the mice were made into MCAO/R models. Neurological score, infarct volume, neuronal damage and markers associated with inflammation were detected. We tested the changes in intestinal flora in model mice after BBR administration using 16SrRNA sequencing. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect butyrate chemically. Tissue immunofluorescence was used to detect the changes in the microglia and astroglia in the mice brains. Our findings suggest that berberine improves stroke outcomes by modulating the gut microbiota. Specifically, after MCAO/R mice were given berberine, the beneficial bacteria producing butyric acid increased significantly, and the mice also had significantly higher levels of butyric acid. The administration of butyric acid and an inhibitor of butyric acid synthesis, heptanoyl-CoA, showed that butyric acid improved the stroke outcomes in the model mice. In addition, butyric acid could inhibit the activation of the microglia and astrocytes in the brains of model mice, thereby inhibiting the generation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α as well as improving stroke outcomes. Our results suggest that berberine may improve stroke outcomes by modulating the gut flora to increase the abundance of butyric acid. These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which berberine improves stroke outcomes and provide some basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; (H.D.); (Y.D.); (W.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Junya Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; (H.D.); (Y.D.); (W.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; (H.D.); (Y.D.); (W.D.)
| | - Junqing Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Wangli Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; (H.D.); (Y.D.); (W.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; (H.D.); (Y.D.); (W.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
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Świerk S, Przybyło M, Flaga J, Szczepanik K, Garus-Piętak A, Biernat W, Molik E, Wojtysiak D, Miltko R, Górka P. Effect of increased intake of concentrates and sodium butyrate supplementation on ruminal epithelium structure and function in growing rams. Animal 2023; 17:100898. [PMID: 37558583 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased ruminal butyrate production is considered to have a positive impact on rumen epithelium growth and function. However, excessive ruminal butyrate production may affect the rumen negatively, particularly when the rumen is already challenged with low pH. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of concentrates in the diet and sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on ruminal epithelium growth and function in growing rams. Forty-two rams (27.8 ± 7.3 kg; 9-14 months of age) were allocated into six treatments and fed a diet with low (22.5% of diet DM; LOW) or high (60% of diet DM; HIGH) inclusion of concentrates in combination with no (SB0), 1.6% (SB1.6) or 3.2% (SB3.2) of diet DM inclusion of SB. There was no impact of the investigated factors on papilla dimensions and mucosa surface area, either in the atrium ruminis or ventral rumen (P ≥ 0.11). Stratum corneum thickness was higher for HIGH compared to LOW treatments (P ≤ 0.04), independently of the location in the rumen. In the atrium ruminis, the epithelium and living strata thickness quadratically increased due to SB supplementation for LOW treatments but quadratically decreased for HIGH treatments (concentrate inclusion × butyrate supplementation interaction; P ≤ 0.03); conversely, in the ventral sac of the rumen, a thicker epithelium was observed due to both increased concentrate inclusion in the diet and SB supplementation (P < 0.01) but living strata thickness was increased only by SB supplementation (linear effect; P < 0.01). The epithelium damage index in the ventral sac of the rumen was higher for LOW compared to HIGH treatments (P = 0.02). Increased inclusion of concentrates in the diet increased mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in both the epithelium of the atrium ruminis and ventral rumen, occludin in the epithelium of the atrium ruminis and downregulated in adenoma in the epithelium of the ventral rumen (P ≤ 0.02). Protein expression of claudin-4 in the epithelium of the ventral rumen was the highest for the HIGH/SB1.6 and HIGH/SB3.2 treatments (significant effect of interaction between main effects; P < 0.01). Under the conditions of the current study, increased intake of concentrates had mostly positive effects on ruminal epithelium in growing rams, and the same was observed for the effect of SB supplementation. However, the effect of SB supplementation was at least partially affected by the inclusion of concentrates in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Świerk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - K Szczepanik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - A Garus-Piętak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - W Biernat
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - R Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Fébel H, Edwards J, Pajor F, Jurkovich V, Bakony M, Kovács L. Effect of Prepartum Magnesium Butyrate Supplementation on Rumination Time, Milk Yield and Composition, and Blood Parameters in Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040276. [PMID: 37104431 PMCID: PMC10142104 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium butyrate (MgB) supplementation of dairy cows during the three-week close-up period was tested for its effects on blood energy analytes, rumination time, inflammation, and lactation performance. Methods: Daily milk yield was recorded and weekly milk samples collected for the first 70 days of lactation from MgB supplemented (MgB, n = 34), and unsupplemented (Control, n = 31) multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows. During a period from week 3 to week 10 postpartum, blood samples were taken and analyzed for various parameters, and ruminant activity was measured. Results: The MgB group yielded 25.2% more milk than the Control during week 1, and had increased milk fat and protein concentrations over a longer duration. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were decreased in the MgB group independent of days in milk. No differences were observed between groups in terms of plasma non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, or blood iCa levels. The MgB group had lower haptoglobin (Hp) levels during lactation relative to the Control group. Time spent ruminating increased after calving with MgB due to a shorter post calving rumination delay relative to the Control group. Conclusions: Prepartum MgB supplementation improved lactation performance without affecting blood energy analytes. The basis by which MgB also improved rumination activity remains to be determined, as DMI could not be assessed. As MgB lowered SCC and Hp concentrations, it is speculated that MgB may help minimize postpartum inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Fébel
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés út 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Joan Edwards
- Palital Feed Additives B.V., De Tweede Geerden 11, 5334 LH Velddriel, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc Pajor
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Viktor Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikolt Bakony
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- Bona Adventure Ltd., Peres utca 44, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Akhtar M, Naqvi SUAS, Liu Q, Pan H, Ma Z, Kong N, Chen Y, Shi D, Kulyar MFEA, Khan JA, Liu H. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling Staphylococcus aureus-Mediated Mastitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183687. [PMID: 36145063 PMCID: PMC9503071 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure S. aureus-induced mastitis. However, S. aureus is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Engelking LE, Ambrose DJ, Oba M. Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration on serum inflammatory markers and productivity of dairy cows during the calving transition. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4144-4155. [PMID: 35307174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle experience inflammation during the calving transition period, and butyrate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are expected to reduce the inflammation. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration on feed intake, serum inflammatory markers, plasma metabolites, and milk production of dairy cows during the calving transition period. Eighty-three Holstein cows were used in the experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The cows were blocked by parity and calving date, and randomly assigned to a dietary butyrate or control supplement, and NSAID or a placebo oral administration. Experimental diets were iso-energetic containing calcium butyrate at 1.42% of diet dry matter (DM) or the control supplement (1.04% commercial fat supplement and 0.38% calcium carbonate of diet DM). The close-up diets contained 13.3% starch and 42.4% neutral detergent fiber on a DM basis, and were fed from 28 d before expected calving date until calving. The postpartum diets contained 22.1% starch and 34.1% neutral detergent fiber on a DM basis and were fed from calving to 24 d after calving. Oral NSAID (1 mg of meloxicam/kg of body weight) or placebo (food dye) was administered 12 to 24 h after calving. Dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration did not affect milk yield or postpartum serum concentrations of amyloid A and haptoglobin. However, butyrate-fed cows increased plasma fatty acid concentration on d -4 relative to calving (501 vs. 340 μEq/L) and tended to increase serum haptoglobin concentration (0.23 vs. 0.10 mg/mL). There was a supplement by drug interaction effect on plasma glucose concentration on d 4; in cows administered the placebo drug, butyrate supplementation decreased plasma glucose concentration compared with control-fed cows (62.8 vs. 70.1 mg/dL). Butyrate-fed cows tended to have lower milk crude protein yield compared with cows fed the control diet (1.21 vs. 1.27 kg/d). Dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration did not have overall positive effects on production performance of dairy cows during the calving transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Engelking
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - D J Ambrose
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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