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Wang X, Zhang Q, Xu R, Li X, Hong Z. Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1416806. [PMID: 39087025 PMCID: PMC11288818 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1416806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in the world. With the rapid pace of life and changes in diet structure, the incidence and mortality of CRC increase year by year posing a serious threat to human health. As the most complex and largest microecosystem in the human body, intestinal microecology is closely related to CRC. It is an important factor that affects and participates in the occurrence and development of CRC. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology and metagenomics have provided new insights into the ecology of gut microbes. It also helps to link intestinal flora with CRC, and the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC can be continuously understood from different levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC and its potential role in the diagnosis of CRC providing evidence for early screening and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongxuan Xu
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijun Hong
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Mehra P, Kumar A. Emerging importance of stool preservation methods in OMICS studies with special focus on cancer biology. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4063. [PMID: 38961596 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The intricate consortium of microorganisms in the human gut plays a crucial role in different physiological functions. The complex known-unknown elements of the gut microbiome are perplexing and the absence of standardized procedures for collecting and preserving samples has hindered continuous research in comprehending it. The technological bias produced because of lack of standard protocols has affected the reproducibility of results. The complex nature of diseases like colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer require a thorough understanding of its etiology for an efficient and timely diagnosis. The designated protocols for collection and preservation of stool specimens have great variance, hence generate inconsistencies in OMICS studies. Due to the complications associated to the nature of sample, it is important to preserve the sample to be studied later in a laboratory or to be used in the future research purpose. Stool preservation is gaining importance due to the increased use of treatment options like fecal microbiota transplantation to cure conditions like recurrent Clostridium difficile infections and for OMICS studies including metagenomics, metabolomics and culturomics. This review provides an insight into the importance of omics studies for the identification and development of novel biomarkers for quick and noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Mehra
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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3
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de Klaver W, de Wit M, Bolijn A, Tijssen M, Delis-van Diemen P, Lemmens M, Spaander MC, Dekker E, van Leerdam ME, Coupé VM, van Boxtel R, Clevers H, Carvalho B, Meijer GA. Polyketide synthase positive Escherichia coli one-time measurement in stool is not informative of colorectal cancer risk in a screening setting. J Pathol 2024; 263:217-225. [PMID: 38551073 DOI: 10.1002/path.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors like the pathogenicity island polyketide synthase positive (pks+) Escherichia coli (E. coli) could have potential for risk stratification in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The association between pks+ E. coli measured in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) samples and the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN) at colonoscopy was investigated. Biobanked FIT samples were analyzed for both presence of E. coli and pks+ E. coli and correlated with colonoscopy findings; 5020 CRC screening participants were included. Controls were participants in which no relevant lesion was detected because of FIT-negative results (cut-off ≥15 μg Hb/g feces), a negative colonoscopy, or a colonoscopy during which only a nonadvanced polyp was detected. Cases were participants with AN [CRC, advanced adenoma (AA), or advanced serrated polyp (ASP)]. Existing DNA isolation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) procedures were used for the detection of E. coli and pks+ E. coli in stool. A total of 4542 (90.2%) individuals were E. coli positive, and 1322 (26.2%) were pks+ E. coli positive. The prevalence of E. coli in FIT samples from individuals with AN was 92.9% compared to 89.7% in FIT samples of controls (p = 0.010). The prevalence of pks+ E. coli in FIT samples from individuals with AN (28.6%) and controls (25.9%) was not significantly different (p = 0.13). The prevalences of pks+ E. coli in FIT samples from individuals with CRC, AA, or ASP were 29.6%, 28.3%, and 32.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of pks+ E. coli in a screening population was 26.2% and did not differ significantly between individuals with AN and controls. These findings disqualify the straightforward option of using a snapshot measurement of pks+ E. coli in FIT samples as a stratification biomarker for CRC risk. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn de Klaver
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bolijn
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Margriet Lemmens
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Cw Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Mh Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharma, Research and Early Development (pRED) of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Bano Y, Shrivastava A, Shukla P, Chaudhary AA, Khan SUD, Khan S. The implication of microbiome in lungs cancer: mechanisms and strategies of cancer growth, diagnosis and therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38556797 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2324864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Available evidence illustrates that microbiome is a promising target for the study of growth, diagnosis and therapy of various types of cancer. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The relationship of microbiota and their products with diverse pathologic conditions has been getting large attention. The novel research suggests that the microbiome plays an important role in the growth and progression of lung cancer. The lung microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal immunity and synchronizing the stability between tolerance and inflammation. Alteration in microbiome is identified as a critical player in the progression of lung cancer and negatively impacts the patient. Studies suggest that healthy microbiome is essential for effective therapy. Various clinical trials and research are focusing on enhancing the treatment efficacy by altering the microbiome. The regulation of microbiota will provide innovative and promising treatment strategies for the maintenance of host homeostasis and the prevention of lung cancer in lung cancer patients. In the current review article, we presented the latest progress about the involvement of microbiome in the growth and diagnosis of lung cancer. Furthermore, we also assessed the therapeutic status of the microbiome for the management and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bano
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Hospital and research Institute, Gwalior, India
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Abhinav Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Hospital and research Institute, Gwalior, India
| | - Piyush Shukla
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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5
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de Souza JB, de Almeida Campos LA, Palácio SB, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Cavalcanti IMF. Prevalence and implications of pKs-positive Escherichia coli in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2024; 341:122462. [PMID: 38281542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous investigation into its etiology and potential risk factors. Recent research has shed light on the potential role of pKs-positive Escherichia coli (pKs + E. coli) and colibactin in the development and progression of CRC. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an updated analysis of the prevalence and implications of pKs + E. coli in colorectal cancer. We conducted a literature review search in major scientific databases to identify relevant studies exploring the association between pKs + E. coli and CRC. The search strategy included studies published up to the present date, and articles were carefully selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Thus, the present study encompasses scientific evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies supporting the presence of pKs + E. coli in CRC patients, demonstrating a consistent and significant association in multiple studies. Furthermore, we highlighted the potential mechanisms by which colibactin may promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression within the colorectal mucosa, including the production of genotoxic virulence factors. Additionally, we explored current diagnostic methods for detecting pKs + E. coli in clinical settings, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification. Moreover, we discussed future strategies that could utilize the presence of this strain as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, this review consolidated existing evidence on the prevalence and implications of pKs + E. coli in colorectal cancer. The findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking this strain to CRC pathogenesis and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target or diagnostic marker. Ultimately, a better understanding of the role of pKs + E. coli in CRC may pave the way for innovative strategies in CRC management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Brandão Palácio
- Research, development and innovation subdivision (SDPI) of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Aeronautics (LAQFA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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6
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Bassotti G, Stracci F, Marconi P, Fettucciari K. Clostridioides difficile and colorectal cancer: a dangerous liaison. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:985-988. [PMID: 37505976 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Many colorectal diseases depend on complex interactions between several pathophysiological factors, including the intestinal microbiota. In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics has been recognized as a main cause of intestinal dysbiosis and a favouring factor for Clostridioides difficile infection. The latter, in addition, causes infectious diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon by means of its toxins (A and, especially, B), is characterized by frequent relapses; thus, its persistence in a host may be long-lasting. Based on recent experimental evidence, here we analyse the possibility that, similarly to other bacteria, Clostridioides difficile may be considered a potential carcinogen for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Fettucciari
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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7
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Dadgar-Zankbar L, Shariati A, Bostanghadiri N, Elahi Z, Mirkalantari S, Razavi S, Kamali F, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Evaluation of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis correlation with the expression of cellular signaling pathway genes in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:48. [PMID: 37644520 PMCID: PMC10463534 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers all over the world, and dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Bacteroides fragilis can lead to tumorigenesis by changing signaling pathways, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the correlation between the enterotoxigenic B. fragilis amount and the expression of signaling pathway genes involved in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS B. fragilis was determined in 30 tumors and adjacent healthy tissues by the qPCR method. Next, the relationship between enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and the expression of signaling pathway genes, including CCND1, TP53, BCL2, BAX, WNT, TCF, AXIN, APC, and CTNNB1 was investigated. Additionally, possible correlations between clinicopathological features of the tumor samples and the abundance of B. fragilis were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that B. fragilis was detected in 100% of tumor samples and 86% of healthy tissues. Additionally, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis colonized 47% of all samples, and bft-1 toxin was the most frequently found isotype among the samples. The analysis showed that the high level of B. fragilis has a significant relationship with the high expression of AXIN, CTNNB1, and BCL2 genes. On the other hand, our results did not show any possible correlation between this bacterium and the clinicopathological features of the tumor sample. CONCLUSION B. fragilis had a higher abundance in the tumor samples than in healthy tissues, and this bacterium may lead to CRC by making changes in cellular signaling pathways and genes. Therefore, to better understand the physiological effects of B. fragilis on the inflammatory response and CRC, future research should focus on dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which this bacterium regulates cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dadgar-Zankbar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamali
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Spigaglia P, Barbanti F, Germinario EAP, Criscuolo EM, Bruno G, Sanchez-Mete L, Porowska B, Stigliano V, Accarpio F, Oddi A, Zingale I, Rossi S, De Angelis R, Fabbri A. Comparison of microbiological profile of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolates from subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) or intestinal pre-cancerous lesions versus healthy individuals and evaluation of environmental factors involved in intestinal dysbiosis. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102757. [PMID: 37380012 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolates from colorectal biopsies of subjects with a histological analysis positive for colorectal cancer (CRC), pre-cancerous lesions (pre-CRC) or with a healthy intestinal tissue and to evaluate the environmental factors that may not only concur to CRC development but may also affect gut microbiota composition. METHODS ETBF isolates were typed using the ERIC-PCR method, while PCR assays were performed to investigate the bft alleles, the B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region and the cepA, cfiA and cfxA genes. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the agar dilution method. Environmental factors that could play a role in promoting intestinal dysbiosis were evaluated throughout a questionnaire administered to the subjects enrolled. RESULTS Six different ERIC-PCR types were identified. The type denominated C in this study was the most prevalent, in particular among the biopsies of subjects with pre-CRC, while an isolate belonging to a different type, denominated F, was detected in a biopsy from a subject with CRC. All the ETBF isolates from pre-CRC or CRC subjects had a B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region pattern I, while those from healthy individuals showed also different patterns. Furthermore, 71% of isolates from subjects with pre-CRC or CRC were resistant to two or more classes of antibiotics vs 43% of isolates from healthy individuals. The B. fragilis toxin BFT1 was the most frequently detected in this study, confirming the constant circulation of this isoform strains in Italy. Interestingly, BFT1 was found in 86% of the ETBF isolates from patients with CRC or pre-CRC, while the BFT2 was prevalent among the ETBF isolates from healthy subjects. No substantial differences based on sex, age, tobacco and alcohol consumption were observed between healthy and non-healthy individuals included in this study, while most of the subjects with CRC or pre-CRC lesions were subjected to pharmacological therapy (71%) and showed a body mass index (BMI) that falls within the overweight range (86%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that some types of ETBF seem to better adapt and colonize the human gut and that the selective pressure exerted by factors related to lifestyle, such as pharmacological therapy and weight, could facilitate their persistence in the gut and their possible involvement in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Spigaglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Barbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Angela Pia Germinario
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lupe Sanchez-Mete
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Porowska
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Stigliano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Accarpio
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Oddi
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00114, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zingale
- Digestive Endoscopy UOC CSC03 of the Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities "Paride Stefanini", Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome 'Sapienza', 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Li W, Zhou X, Yuan S, Wang L, Yu L, Sun J, Chen J, Xiao Q, Wan Z, Zheng JS, Zhang CX, Larsson SC, Farrington SM, Law P, Houlston RS, Tomlinson I, Ding KF, Dunlop MG, Theodoratou E, Li X. Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:809-817. [PMID: 37012201 PMCID: PMC10233354 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human gut microbiome has complex relationships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis. METHODS Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabolites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human metabolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively. RESULTS Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (β = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gammaproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06×10-8), Enterobacteriaceae (β = 0.023, P = 1.29×10-5). CONCLUSIONS We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT This study highlights the need of future complementary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Gaab ME, Lozano PO, Ibañez D, Manese KD, Riego FM, Tiongco RE, Albano PM. A Meta-Analysis on the Association of Colibactin-Producing pks+ Escherichia coli with the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Lab Med 2023; 54:75-82. [PMID: 35960765 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on the association between pks+Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer (CRC) demonstrated conflicting results. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. METHODS Related literature was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Data were then extracted, summarized, and subjected to analysis using Review Manager 5.4 by computing for the pooled odds ratios at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Overall analysis showed that individuals carrying pks+E coli had a greater risk of developing CRC. Subgroup analysis further showed that individuals from Western countries carrying pks+E coli and individuals with pks+E coli in their tissue samples had increased risk of developing CRC. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggest that individuals with pks+E coli have a greater risk of developing CRC. However, more studies are needed to confirm our claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcianne Elaine Gaab
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Prim Olivette Lozano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Danica Ibañez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Korina Diane Manese
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fatima May Riego
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raphael Enrique Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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11
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Romero-Garmendia I, Garcia-Etxebarria K. Host Genetics and Microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Shared or Independent Risk? Microorganisms 2022; 10:2129. [PMID: 36363721 PMCID: PMC9697093 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbiota in colorectal cancer has been studied since alterations in its composition were observed. In addition, there are more and more pieces of evidence that microbiota could be implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Thus, the components of the microbiota could be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is important to address how the microbiota interacts with the host and how the host shapes the microbiota, in order to understand the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in their relationship and the consequences of their interactions in colorectal cancer. Thereby, it could be possible to find feasible measures and treatments to prevent or better diagnose colorectal cancer. In this review, we will try to summarize the role of the microbiota in colorectal cancer and its interactions with the host and the host genetics, coming to some conclusions that could be useful to find the gaps in our knowledge and propose future steps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Romero-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Group, Biodonostia, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Markelova NN, Semenova EF, Sineva ON, Sadykova VS. The Role of Cyclomodulins and Some Microbial Metabolites in Bacterial Microecology and Macroorganism Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911706. [PMID: 36233008 PMCID: PMC9570213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of bacteria that colonize the human body produce toxins and effectors that cause changes in the eukaryotic cell cycle—cyclomodulins and low-molecular-weight compounds such as butyrate, lactic acid, and secondary bile acids. Cyclomodulins and metabolites are necessary for bacteria as adaptation factors—which are influenced by direct selection—to the ecological niches of the host. In the process of establishing two-way communication with the macroorganism, these compounds cause limited damage to the host, despite their ability to disrupt key processes in eukaryotic cells, which can lead to pathological changes. Possible negative consequences of cyclomodulin and metabolite actions include their potential role in carcinogenesis, in particular, with the ability to cause DNA damage, increase genome instability, and interfere with cancer-associated regulatory pathways. In this review, we aim to examine cyclomodulins and bacterial metabolites as important factors in bacterial survival and interaction with the host organism to show their heterogeneous effect on oncogenesis depending on the surrounding microenvironment, pathological conditions, and host genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Markelova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.N.M.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Elena F. Semenova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia
| | - Olga N. Sineva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Sadykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.N.M.); (V.S.S.)
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13
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Role of the Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Insights on Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116138. [PMID: 35682816 PMCID: PMC9181592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical player in cancer onset and progression and response to cancer chemotherapy treatment. In recent years, several preclinical and clinical studies have evidenced the involvement of microbiota in lung cancer, one of the world’s deadliest cancers. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota can impact this type of cancer and patient survival and response to treatments remain poorly investigated. In this review, the peculiarities of the gut and lung microbial ecosystems have been highlighted, and recent findings illustrating the possible mechanisms underlying the microbiota–lung cancer interaction and the host immune response have been discussed. In addition, the mucosal immune system has been identified as a crucial communication frame to ease interactive dynamics between the immune system and the microbiota. Finally, the use of specific next-generation intestinal probiotic strains in counteracting airway diseases has been evaluated. We believe that restoring homeostasis and the balance of bacterial microflora should become part of the routine of integrated cancer interventions, using probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, and promoting a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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14
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Fabbri A, Bracci L. Immunomodulatory properties of CNF1 toxin from E. coli: implications for colorectal carcinogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:651-660. [PMID: 35261793 PMCID: PMC8899975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The risk of developing CRC is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Recently, chronic inflammation and gut microbiota modifications have been associated with increased CRC risk. Escherichia coli belongs to the commensal intestinal flora and can become highly pathogenic following the acquisition of genes coding for virulence factors, such as the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1). Numerous reports highlight that, besides exerting direct effects on epithelial cells, CNF1 can also act on immune cells, modulating their responses and possibly contributing to disease development. In the present review, we summarized the key studies addressing the immunomodulatory functions of CNF1 and discussed the contribution that CNF1 can bring about to CRC through the creation of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bracci
- Departement of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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15
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Carlini F, Maroccia Z, Fiorentini C, Travaglione S, Fabbri A. Effects of the Escherichia coli Bacterial Toxin Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 on Different Human and Animal Cells: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212610. [PMID: 34830494 PMCID: PMC8621085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is a bacterial virulence factor, the target of which is represented by Rho GTPases, small proteins involved in a huge number of crucial cellular processes. CNF1, due to its ability to modulate the activity of Rho GTPases, represents a widely used tool to unravel the role played by these regulatory proteins in different biological processes. In this review, we summarized the data available in the scientific literature concerning the observed in vitro effects induced by CNF1. An article search was performed on electronic bibliographic resources. Screenings were performed of titles, abstracts, and full-texts according to PRISMA guidelines, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro studies. We identified a total of 299 records by electronic article search and included 76 original peer-reviewed scientific articles reporting morphological or biochemical modifications induced in vitro by soluble CNF1, either recombinant or from pathogenic Escherichia coli extracts highly purified with chromatographic methods. Most of the described CNF1-induced effects on cultured cells are ascribable to the modulating activity of the toxin on Rho GTPases and the consequent effects on actin cytoskeleton organization. All in all, the present review could be a prospectus about the CNF1-induced effects on cultured cells reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carlini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (Z.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Zaira Maroccia
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (Z.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Carla Fiorentini
- Associazione Ricerca Terapie Oncologiche Integrate, ARTOI, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sara Travaglione
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (Z.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (Z.M.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4990-2939
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