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Deng YP, Fu YT, Elsheikha HM, Cao ML, Zhu XQ, Wang JL, Zhang XL, Xie SC, Yao C, Liu GH. Comprehensive analysis of the global impact and distribution of tick paralysis, a deadly neurological yet fully reversible condition. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0007424. [PMID: 39440956 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00074-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYTick paralysis is a potentially fatal condition caused by neurotoxins secreted by the salivary glands of certain ticks. Documented cases have been reported worldwide, predominantly in the United States, Canada, and Australia, with additional reports from Europe and Africa. This condition also affects animals, leading to significant economic losses and adverse impacts on animal health and welfare. To date, 75 tick species, mostly hard ticks, have been identified as capable of causing this life-threatening condition. Due to symptom overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis of tick paralysis is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, which could result in adverse patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on tick paralysis, including the implicated tick species, global distribution, tick toxins, molecular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. Enhancing awareness among medical and veterinary professionals is critical for improving the management of tick paralysis and its health impacts on both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Ling Cao
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue-Ling Zhang
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang D, Li K, Wang L, Teng Z, Luo X, Sun H, Huang Y, Hu S, Xu X, He Z. Dissecting and tracing the gut microbiota of infants with botulism: a cross sectional and longitudinal study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1416879. [PMID: 38881667 PMCID: PMC11176563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1416879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infant botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is mainly produced by Clostridium botulinum. However, there is a lack of longitudinal cohort studies on infant botulism. Herein, we have constructed a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants infected with C. botulinum. Our goal was to reveal the differences in the intestinal microbiota of botulism-infected and healthy infants as well as the dynamic changes over time through multi-omics analysis. Methods We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of 20 infants' stools over a period of 3 months and conducted whole genome sequencing of isolated C. botulinum strains from these laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism. Through bioinformatics analysis, we focused on the changes in the infants' intestinal microbiota as well as function over time series. Results We found that Enterococcus was significantly enriched in the infected group and declined over time, whereas Bifidobacterium was significantly enriched in the healthy group and gradually increased over time. 18/20 isolates carried the type B 2 botulinum toxin gene with identical sequences. In silico Multilocus sequence typing found that 20\u00B0C. botulinum isolates from the patients were typed into ST31 and ST32. Conclusion Differences in intestinal microbiota and functions in infants were found with botulism through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and Bifidobacterium may play a role in the recovery of infected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection, Xiamen Women and Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiu Teng
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong He
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Bamumin A, Bamumin S, Ahmadini HA, Alhindi Y, Alsanosi S, Alqashqari H, Esheb G, Ayoub N, Falemban A. Knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers on the relationship between honey and botulism in Saudi Arabian infants: a cross-section study. Ann Med 2023; 55:2279746. [PMID: 37943711 PMCID: PMC10653683 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2279746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulism is a rare disease, and infant botulism (IB) even rarer, especially when steering the condition to honey consumption. IB is considered a life-threatening disease as it leads to severe neurological symptoms. Exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among mothers on the relationship between honey and IB will help public health professionals implement appropriate maternal health education materials targeting infant health and increase the awareness of the paediatric primary care providers, physicians, and nurse practitioners about the risk of IB among their patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the knowledge of mothers from Hail city in Saudi Arabia (SA) regarding IB and assess their attitude and practice towards feeding honey to their infants before 12 months of age. METHODS Using a comparative cross-sectional study, in February 2022, we broadcasted an online questionnaire through social networking and evaluated the KAP of 385 mothers. RESULTS Less than half (48%) of the mothers have heard about IB, 40% of them knew the relation between honey ingestion and IB and only 6.5% acknowledged that they knew the causative agent for IB. The prevalence of feeding honey to infants before 12 months was 52%. Mothers from Hail city were less likely to provide honey to their infants (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The study revealed that mothers from Hail city have relatively low knowledge of IB and that they hold favourable perceptions of using honey as a food supplement and feeding honey to their infants before 12 months. Considering the high prevalence of honey feeding with the known low incidence of IB in SA, Medical professionals should consider IB in their differential diagnosis particularly in the presence of neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bamumin
- King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Yosra Alhindi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Alsanosi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsah Alqashqari
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Esheb
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Nga TT, Hoang LH, Trang LT, Tram NT, Yen PB, Trung NT, Giang NTH, Duong DTT, Tuan TA, Tho BT, Morita M, Kenri T, Senoh M. First confirmed case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A(B) in a 10-month-old infant in Hanoi, Vietnam. IJID REGIONS 2022; 5:18-20. [PMID: 36147902 PMCID: PMC9485906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This was the first report of infant botulism in Vietnam. Clostridium botulinum type A(B) strain was identified as the cause of this case. A single dose (1/10 vial) of heptavalent botulism antitoxin was used for treatment.
Infant botulism is a rare but sometimes life-threatening toxemia caused by ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores. Although cases of infant botulism have probably occurred in Vietnam in the past, they have never been diagnosed and reported. Herein, we report the isolation of C. botulinum type A(B) from the stool of a 10-month-old infant during hospitalization.
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