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Witte TE, Hicks C, Shoukouhi P, Dadej K, Findlay W, Liu M, Overy DP. Chromosome-level draft genome sequences of three isolates of the toxigenic fungus Claviceps purpurea showing structural rearrangements. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0023423. [PMID: 37732799 PMCID: PMC10586150 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00234-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The whole genomes of three Claviceps purpurea strains were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION and assembled into complete, chromosome-level assemblies. The C. purpurea genome consists of eight conserved chromosomes, with evidence of inter-chromosomal structural rearrangements between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Witte
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen Hicks
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parivash Shoukouhi
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasia Dadej
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Findlay
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miao Liu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P. Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Doi Y, Wakana D, Kitaoka S, Sato F, Tanaka E, Takeda H, Hosoe T. Ergot alkaloids in sclerotia collected in Japan: synthetic profiles and induction of apoptosis by Clavine-type compounds. J Nat Med 2023; 77:306-314. [PMID: 36635416 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Claviceps (Clavicipitaceae) is famous for producing ergot alkaloids (EAs) in sclerotia. EAs can cause ergotism, resulting in convulsions and necrosis when ingested, making these compounds a serious concern for food safety. Agroclavine (2), a typical Clavine-type EA, is a causative agent of ergotism and is listed as a compound to be monitored by the European Food Safety Authority. Clavine-type EAs are known to cause cytotoxicity, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. We performed annexin V and PI double-staining followed by flow cytometric analysis to detect apoptosis in HepG2 and PANC-1 cells after exposure to Clavine-type EAs. Clavine-type EAs reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. We then performed LC-MS analysis of EAs from 41 sclerotia samples of Claviceps collected in Japan. 24 out of 41 sclerotia extracts include peptide-type EAs (ergosine/inine: 4/4', ergotamine: 5, ergocornine/inine: 6/6', α-ergocryptine/inine: 8/8', and ergocristine/inine: 9/9') and 19 sclerotia extracts among 24 sclerotia detected peptide type EAs include Clavine-type EAs (pyroclavine: 1, agroclavine: 2, festuclavine: 3) by LC-MS. We then performed a metabolomic analysis of the EAs in the sclerotia using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA score plots calculated for EAs suggested the existence of four groups with different EA production patterns. One of the groups was formed by the contribution of Clavine-type EAs. These results suggest that Clavine-type EAs are a family of compounds requiring attention in food safety and livestock production in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Doi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Wakana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
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Witte TE, Villenueve N, Shields SW, Sproule A, Eggertson Q, Kim NE, Boddy CN, Dettman JR, Overy DP. Untargeted metabolomics screening reveals unique secondary metabolite production from Alternaria section Alternaria. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1038299. [PMID: 36504718 PMCID: PMC9731300 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1038299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria section Alternaria is comprised of many species that infect a broad diversity of important crop plants and cause post-harvest spoilage. Alternaria section Alternaria species, such as A. alternata and A. arborescens, are prolific producers of secondary metabolites that act as virulence factors of disease and are mycotoxins that accumulate in infected tissues-metabolites that can vary in their spectrum of production between individuals from the same fungal species. Untargeted metabolomics profiling of secondary metabolite production using mass spectrometry is an effective means to detect phenotypic anomalies in secondary metabolism within a species. Secondary metabolite phenotypes from 36 Alternaria section Alternaria isolates were constructed to observe frequency of production patterns. A clear and unique mass feature pattern was observed for three of the strains that were linked with the production of the dehydrocurvularin family of toxins and associated detoxification products. Examination of corresponding genomes revealed the presence of the dehydrocurvularin biosynthesis gene cluster associated with a sub-telomeric accessory region. A comparison of sequence similarity and occurrences of the dehydrocurvularin biosynthetic gene cluster within Pleosporalean fungi is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Witte
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Villenueve
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel W. Shields
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Quinn Eggertson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie E. Kim
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher N. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy R. Dettman
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Jeremy R. Dettman, ; David P. Overy,
| | - David P. Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Jeremy R. Dettman, ; David P. Overy,
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Abstract
Ergometrine is widely used for the treatment of excessive postpartum uterine bleeding. Claviceps paspali is a common species for industrial production of ergometrine, which is often accompanied by lysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamide (LAH) and lysergic acid amide (LAA). Currently, direct evidence on the biosynthetic mechanism of LAH and LAA from lysergic acid in C. paspali is absent, except that LAH and LAA share the common precursor with ergometrine and LAA is spontaneously transformed from LAH. A comparison of the gene clusters between C. purpurea and C. paspali showed that the latter harbored the additional easO and easP genes. Thus, the knockout of easO and easP in the species should not only improve the ergometrine production but also elucidate the function. In this study, gene knockout of C. paspali by homologous recombination yielded two mutants ∆easOhetero-1 and ∆easPhetero-34 with ergometrine titers of 1559.36 mg∙L−1 and 837.57 mg∙L−1, which were four and two times higher than that of the wild-type control, respectively. While the total titer of LAH and LAA of ∆easOhetero-1 was lower than that of the wild-type control. The Aspergillus nidulans expression system was adopted to verify the function of easO and easP. Heterologous expression in A. nidulans further demonstrated that easO, but not easP, determines the formation of LAA.
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Global Impact of Ergot Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030186. [PMID: 35324683 PMCID: PMC8949401 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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