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Suto K, Hayashi M, Fujita M, Abe K, Takahashi A, Ohira H. Bacillus cereus Sepsis in a Patient with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Intern Med 2024; 63:1707-1711. [PMID: 37926546 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2553-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 57-year-old woman with a liver injury was referred to our hospital. She had a history of heavy alcohol consumption and had developed severe alcoholic hepatitis. Blood cultures revealed bacteremia caused by Bacillus cereus. The patient was treated with short-term steroid therapy for liver injury and vancomycin administration for B. cereus sepsis, which led to recovery. The findings in the present case suggest the need for empirical therapy with vancomycin in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and suspected B. cereus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Suto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Sun C, Mao C, Zhou Z, Xiao J, Zhou W, Du J, Li J. In Vitro Assessment of Ozone-Treated Deoxynivalenol by Measuring Cytotoxicity and Wheat Quality. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:64. [PMID: 38393142 PMCID: PMC10893320 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, could lead to cytotoxicity in both animal bodies and plant seed cells. Ozone degradation technology has been applied to DON control. However, the safety and quality of the contaminated grain after DON degradation are largely obscured. In this work, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of ozone-treated DON through seed germination experiments and cytotoxicity tests. Cell experiments showed that the inhibition rate of HepG2 viability gradually increased within the concentrations of 1-10 mg/L of DON, alongside which an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 9.1 mg/L was determined. In contrast, degrading DON had no significant inhibitory effect on cell growth. Moreover, a 1-10 mg/L concentration of DON increased production of a large amount of reactive oxygen radicals in HepG2, with obvious fluorescence color development. However, fluorescence intensity decreased after DON degradation. Further, DON at a concentration of >1 mg/L significantly inhibited the germination of mung bean seeds, whereas no significant inhibition of their germination or growth were observed if DON degraded. Changes in total protein content, fatty acid value, and starch content were insignificant in wheat samples suffering ozone degradation, compared to the untreated group. Lastly, the ozone-treated wheat samples exhibited higher tenacity and whiteness. Together, our study indicated that the toxicity of DON-contaminated wheat was significantly reduced after ozone degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chuncai Mao
- Jiangxi Enterprise Technology Center, Huangshanghuang Group Food Co., Ltd., Xiaolanzhong Avenue, No. 66, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Zhie Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jianhui Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Juan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue, No. 1011, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.S.); (W.Z.)
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Jobst M, Hossain M, Kiss E, Bergen J, Marko D, Del Favero G. Autophagy modulation changes mechano-chemical sensitivity of T24 bladder cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115942. [PMID: 38042111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer cells possess unique adaptive capabilities: shaped by their environment, cells face a complex chemical mixture of metabolites and xenobiotics accompanied by physiological mechanical cues. These responses might translate into resistance to chemotherapeutical regimens and can largely rely on autophagy. Considering molecules capable of rewiring tumor plasticity, compounds of natural origin promise to offer valuable options. Fungal derived metabolites, such as bafilomycin and wortmannin are widely acknowledged as autophagy inhibitors. Here, their potential to tune bladder cancer cells´ adaptability to chemical and physical stimuli was assessed. Additionally, dietary occurring mycotoxins were also investigated, namely deoxynivalenol (DON, 0.1-10 µM) and fusaric acid (FA, 0.1-1 mM). Endowing a Janus' face behavior, DON and FA are on the one side described as toxins with detrimental health effects. Concomitantly, they are also explored experimentally for selective pharmacological applications including anticancer activities. In non-cytotoxic concentrations, bafilomycin (BAFI, 1-10 nM) and wortmannin (WORT, 1 µM) modified cell morphology and reduced cancer cell migration. Application of shear stress and inhibition of mechano-gated PIEZO channels reduced cellular sensitivity to BAFI treatment (1 nM). Similarly, for FA (0.5 mM) PIEZO1 expression and inhibition largely aligned with the modulatory potential on cancer cells motility. Additionally, this study highlighted that the activity profile of compounds with similar cytotoxic potential (e.g. co-incubation DON with BAFI or FA with WORT) can diverge substantially in the regulation of cell mechanotransduction. Considering the interdependence between tumor progression and response to mechanical cues, these data promise to provide a novel viewpoint for the study of chemoresistance and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maliha Hossain
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janice Bergen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Wang P, Yao Q, Zhu D, Yang X, Chen Q, Lu Q, Liu A. Resveratrol protects against deoxynivalenol-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2023:153589. [PMID: 37419272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most serious mycotoxins that contaminate food and feed, causing hepatocyte death. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the new cell death modalities that explain DON-induced hepatocyte toxicity. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent type of cell death. The aim of this study was to explore the role of ferroptosis in DON-exposed HepG2 cytotoxicity and the antagonistic effect of resveratrol (Res) on its toxicity, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. HepG2 cells were treated with Res (8μM) or/and DON (0.4μM) for 12hours. We examined cell viability, cell proliferation, expression of ferroptosis-related genes, levels of lipid peroxidation and Fe(II). The results revealed that DON reduced the expression levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, GCLC, NQO1, and Nrf2 while promoting the expression of TFR1, GSH depletion, accumulation of MDA and total ROS. DON enhanced production of 4-HNE, lipid ROS and Fe(II) overload, resulting in ferroptosis. However, pretreatment with Res reversed these changes, attenuating DON-induced ferroptosis, improving cell viability and cell proliferation. Importantly, Res prevented Erastin and RSL3-induced ferroptosis, suggesting that Res exerted an anti-ferroptosis effect by activating SLC7A11-GSH-GPX4 signaling pathways. In summary, Res ameliorated DON-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells. This study provides a new perspective on the mechanism of DON-induced hepatotoxicity formation, and Res may be an effective drug to alleviate DON-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yao
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China.
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Zhang C, Zhang KF, Chen FJ, Chen YH, Yang X, Cai ZH, Jiang YB, Wang XB, Zhang GP, Wang FY. Deoxynivalenol triggers porcine intestinal tight junction disorder: Insights from mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114291. [PMID: 36395652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is universally detected trichothecene in most cereal commodities, which is considered as a major hazardous material for human and animal health. Intestine is the most vulnerable organ with higher concentration of DON than other organs, owing to the first defense barrier function to exogenous substances. However, the underling mechanisms about DON-induced intestinal toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, DON poisoning models of IPEC-J2 cells was established to explore adverse effect and the potential mechanism of DON-induced enterotoxicity. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Intestinal epithelial barrier injury was caused by DON with increasing LDH release, decreasing cell viability as well decreasing tight junction protein expressions (Occludin, N-Cad, ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Claudin-3). Moreover, DON caused mitochondrial dysfunction by opening mitochondrial permeability transition pore and eliminating mitochondrial membrane potential. DON exposure upregulated protein and mRNA expression of mitochondrial fission factors (Drp1, Fis1, MIEF1 and MFF) and mitophagy factors (PINK1, Parkin and LC3), downregulated mitochondrial fusion factors (Mfn1, Mfn2, except OPA1), resulting in mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitophagy. Overall, these findings suggested that DON induced tight junction dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells was related to mitochondrial dynamics-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ke-Fei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng-Juan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yun-He Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zi-Hui Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Bao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Bing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fang-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Groestlinger J, Seidl C, Varga E, Del Favero G, Marko D. Combinatory Exposure to Urolithin A, Alternariol, and Deoxynivalenol Affects Colon Cancer Metabolism and Epithelial Barrier Integrity in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882222. [PMID: 35811943 PMCID: PMC9263571 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is an important site of nutrient absorption and a crucial barrier against xenobiotics. It regularly faces “chemical cocktails” composed of food constituents, their human and microbial metabolites, and foodborne contaminants, such as mycotoxins. Hence, the colonic epithelium adapts to dietary molecules tuning its immune response, structural integrity, and metabolism to maintain intestinal homeostasis. While gut microbiota metabolites of berry ellagitannins, such as urolithin A (Uro A) might contribute to physiological epithelial barrier integrity, foodborne co-contaminating mycotoxins like alternariol (AOH) and deoxynivalenol (DON) could hamper epithelial function. Hence, we investigated the response of differentiated Caco-2 cells (clone C2BBe1) in vitro to the three compounds alone or in binary mixtures. In virtue of the possible interactions of Uro A, AOH, and DON with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, potential effects on phase-I-metabolism enzymes and epithelial structural integrity were taken as endpoints for the evaluation. Finally, Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry measurements elucidated the absorption, secretion, and metabolic capacity of the cells under single and combinatory exposure scenarios. Uro A and AOH as single compounds, and as a binary mixture, were capable to induce CYP1A1/1A2/1B1 enzymes triggered by the AhR pathway. In light of its ribosome inhibiting capacity, the trichothecene suppressed the effects of both dibenzo-α-pyrones. In turn, cellular responsiveness to Uro A and AOH could be sustained when co-exposed to DON-3-sulfate, instead of DON. Colonic epithelial structural integrity was rather maintained after incubation with Uro A and AOH: this was reinforced in the combinatory exposure scenario and disrupted by DON, an effect, opposed in combination. Passage through the cells as well as the metabolism of Uro A and AOH were rather influenced by co-exposure to DON, than by interaction with each other. Therefore, we conclude that although single foodborne bioactive substances individually could either support or disrupt the epithelial structure and metabolic capacity of colon cancer, exposure to chemical mixtures changes the experimental outcome and calls for the need of combinatory investigations for proper risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Groestlinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Seidl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero,
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doris Marko,
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