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Skočková V, Raptová P, Pospíchalová K, Sovadinová I, Sychrová E, Smutná M, Hilscherová K, Babica P, Šindlerová L. Cyanobacterial harmful bloom lipopolysaccharides: pro-inflammatory effects on epithelial and immune cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:481-491. [PMID: 38063875 PMCID: PMC10794361 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) pose a global ecological problem, and their lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are among the bioactive compounds they release. Previous studies on CyanoHAB-LPS from single cyanobacterial species have shown varying bioactivities in different in vitro cell models. In this study, we isolated LPS from 19 CyanoHAB samples collected at 18 water bodies in the Czech Republic over two consecutive seasons. The proportions of cyanobacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (G-), and other bacteria in the biomass were determined by qPCR, while the cyanobacterial genera were identified using light microscopy. In vitro models of keratinocytes (HaCaT), the intestinal epithelium (co-culture of differentiated Caco-2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMC), and PBMC alone were treated with isolated LPS at concentrations of 50, 100, and 1 µg/ml, respectively. The endotoxin activities of these concentrations were within the range measured in the aquatic environment. Approximately 85-90% of the samples displayed biological activity. However, the potency of individual LPS effects and response patterns varied across the different in vitro models. Furthermore, the observed activities did not exhibit a clear correlation with the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton community, the relative share of microbial groups in the biomass, endotoxin activity of the LPS, or LPS migration and staining pattern in SDS-PAGE. These findings suggest that the effects of CyanoHAB-LPS depend on the specific composition and abundance of various LPS structures within the complex environmental sample and their interactions with cellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Skočková
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - P Raptová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - K Pospíchalová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - I Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - E Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - M Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - K Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - P Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - L Šindlerová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic.
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Raptová P, Skočková V, Babica P, Sovadinová I, Sychrová E, Vídeňská P, Šplíchalová P, Vašíček O, Šindlerová L. Cyanobacterial bloom-associated lipopolysaccharides induce pro-inflammatory processes in keratinocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104342. [PMID: 38092246 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that CyanoHAB LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and LPS from cyanobacterial cultures induce pro-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial and immune cells in vitro. To expand our understanding, we investigated their impact on human keratinocytes, which are targeted during water recreational activities. LPS samples were isolated from CyanoHAB biomasses dominated by Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix, and Dolichospermum, or from axenic cultures of these genera. We identified two CyanoHAB biomasses containing a high proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, including potentially pathogenic genera. These biomasses showed the highest induction of interleukin (IL) 8, IL-6, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 (also known as MCP-1), and CCL20 production by HaCaT cells. Interestingly, all CyanoHAB-derived LPS and LPS from axenic cultures (except for Microcystis) accelerated cell proliferation and migration. Our findings highlight the role of G- bacteria composition and LPS structural disparities in influencing these effects, with implications for skin health during recreational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raptová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - V Skočková
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - I Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - E Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Vídeňská
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Šplíchalová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - O Vašíček
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
| | - L Šindlerová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
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Reif JS, Stockley N, Harvey K, McFarland M, Gordon SC, Schaefer AM. Symptom frequency and exposure to a cyanobacteria bloom in Florida. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102526. [PMID: 37951612 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to characterize health effects associated with a major bloom of blue-green algae due to the proliferation Microcystis aeruginosa that occurred in Florida in 2018. Cyanobacteria produce multiple toxins, including the potent hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs), that have been reported to cause illness in exposed persons worldwide. Widespread exposure to toxins released by blue-green algae during the 2018 bloom was shown by the presence of MCs in the nasal passages of 95 percent of the individuals studied previously in south Florida (Schaefer et al., 2020). The current analyses were conducted to determine whether self-reported symptoms were associated with activity patterns, direct contact with water, residential, recreational, and occupational exposure. The 125 persons who participated in the initial study reported an average of 4.94 (± 4.87) symptoms. Those reported most commonly included rhinorrhea, sneezing, headache, sore throat and dry cough. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 74%, ocular symptoms by 62%, and gastrointestinal symptoms by 35% of respondents. Residential and recreational exposures were associated with increased risks of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or ocular symptoms in univariate and adjusted multivariable analyses. Residential exposure was significantly associated with increased reporting of dry cough (p = 0.03), dyspnea (p < 0.01) and wheezy respirations (p = 0.04). Among persons reporting gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea (p = 0.02) and abdominal pain (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with residential exposure. Recreational exposure was significantly associated with sore throat and eye irritation. The findings add to the evidence that exposure to cyanobacteria at concentrations encountered during an algal bloom is associated with a diverse array of symptoms and that inhalation of aerosols constitutes an important exposure pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Reif
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
| | - Nicole Stockley
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600U.S. 1N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946, United States
| | - Kathi Harvey
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Malcolm McFarland
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600U.S. 1N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946, United States
| | - Shirley C Gordon
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Adam M Schaefer
- Abt Associates, 6130 Executive Blvd Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
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