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Nuankaew S, Boonyuen N, Thumanu K, Pornputtapong N. Development of a machine learning model for systematics of Aspergillus section Nigri using synchrotron radiation-based fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26812. [PMID: 38439823 PMCID: PMC10909729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) fungi are economically important food spoilage agents. Some species in this section also produce harmful mycotoxins in food. However, it is remarkably difficult to identify this fungal group at the species level using morphological and chemical characteristics. The molecular approach for classification is preferable; however, it is time-consuming, making it inappropriate for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. To address this, we explored synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) as a rapid method for obtaining data suitable for species classification. SR-FTIR data were obtained from the mycelia/conidia of 22 black aspergilli species. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, a supervised deep learning algorithm, was used with SR-FTIR data to classify black aspergilli at the species level. A subset of the data was used to train the CNN model, and the model classification performance was evaluated using the validation data subsets. The model demonstrated a 95.97% accuracy in species classification on the testing (blind) data subset. The technique presented herein could be an alternative method for identifying problematic black aspergilli in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salilaporn Nuankaew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Boonyuen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natapol Pornputtapong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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2
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Evaluation of fungal hazards associated with dried fig processing. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 365:109541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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A review of mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways: associated genes and their expressions under the influence of climatic factors. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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4
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Pest Management and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050303. [PMID: 32392817 PMCID: PMC7290310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic member of ochratoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. The most relevant species involved in OTA production in grapes is Aspergillus carbonarius. Berry infection by A. carbonarius is enhanced by damage to the skin caused by abiotic and biotic factors. Insect pests play a major role in European vineyards, and Lepidopteran species such as the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana are undoubtedly crucial. New scenarios are also emerging due to the introduction and spread of allochthonous pests as well as climate change. Such pests may be involved in the dissemination of OTA producing fungi even if confirmation is still lacking and further studies are needed. An OTA predicting model is available, but it should be integrated with models aimed at forecasting L. botrana phenology and demography in order to improve model reliability.
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Cervini C, Gallo A, Piemontese L, Magistà D, Logrieco AF, Ferrara M, Solfrizzo M, Perrone G. Effects of temperature and water activity change on ecophysiology of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius in field-simulating conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 315:108420. [PMID: 31731232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the primary mycotoxin threat in wine and dried vine fruits. Its presence in grape and wine is strongly related to climatic conditions and the expected climate change could represent a risk of increasing fungal colonization and OTA contamination in grapes. In this regard, the interacting effect of i) different conditions of water availability (0.93 and 0.99aw) and ii) different 10 h/14 h dark/light alternating temperature conditions simulating a nowadays (18/31 °C) and climate change scenario (20/37 °C) in high OTA risk areas of Apulia region, were studied. Lag phases prior to growth, mycelial growth rate, the expression of biosynthesis, transcription factors and regulatory genes of OTA cluster and OTA production were analysed in Aspergillus carbonarius ITEM 5010 under the combined effect of different climatic factors. At 18/31 °C and under water stress conditions (0.93 aw) the growth rate was slower than at 0.99 aw; on the contrary, at 20/37 °C a higher growth rate was observed at 0.93 aw. An over-expression of OTA genes and genes belonging to the global regulator Velvet complex was observed at 18/31 °C and 0.99 aw, with the specific OTA pathway transcription factor bZIP showing the highest expression level. The up-regulated transcription profile of the genes positively correlated with OTA production higher at 18/31 °C than at 20/37 °C and 0.99 aw; while no OTA production was detected at 0.93 aw at each of the temperature conditions tested. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the possible increase of the temperature, likely to happen in some areas of the Apulia region, may results in a reduction of both A. carbonarius spoilage and OTA production in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cervini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Magistà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Ferrara
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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Polyphasic, Including MALDI-TOF MS, Evaluation of Freeze-Drying Long-Term Preservation on Aspergillus (Section Nigri) Strains. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090291. [PMID: 31450658 PMCID: PMC6780240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of freeze-drying and long-term storage on the biotechnological potential of Aspergillus section Nigri strains. Twelve selected strains were freeze-dried and aged by accelerated storage, at 37 °C in the dark, for 2 and 4 weeks. To assess possible changes as a consequence of the ageing in the freeze-drying ampoules, morphological characteristics, mycotoxins and enzymes production, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALTI-TOF MS) spectra, and M13 phage probe fingerprinting were used as part of a polyphasic approach. Phenotypical changes were observed; nevertheless, they did not substantially affect the potential biotechnological use of these strains. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes (protease, carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, pectinase and mannanase) was maintained or increased after freeze-drying. MALDI-TOF MS data originated spectra that grouped, for the majority of samples, according to strain independently of preservation time point. M13 profiles revealed the presence of some genetic polymorphisms after preservation. However, the three studied times still clustered for more than 50% of strains. Our results show that the studied strains maintain their biotechnological potential after preservation, with minimal phenotypic alterations. These findings provide evidence that freeze-drying preservation is a suitable option to preserve biotechnologically relevant aspergilli strains from section Nigri, and one should consider that the observed effects might be species/strain-dependent.
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Bragulat MR, Eustaquio A, Cabañes FJ. Study on the presence of ochratoxin α in cultures of ochratoxigenic and non- ochratoxigenic strains of Aspergillus carbonarius. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185986. [PMID: 29016677 PMCID: PMC5634603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrotoxin and carcinogen which is found in a wide variety of common foods and beverages and it is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Ochratoxin α (OTα), a major metabolite of OTA, has also been reported to occur in cultures of OTA-producing species. However there is some controversial about the participation of OTα in the biosynthesis of OTA, mainly because its biosynthesis pathway has not yet been completely characterized. Aspergillus carbonarius is the main responsible source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food commodities such as wine, grapes or dried vine fruits from main viticultural regions worldwide. However, little is known about the presence of OTα in isolates of A. carbonarius. In this study we evaluated the effects of temperature and incubation time on OTα production by both OTA and non-OTA-producing strains of A. carbonarius. OTA and OTα were detected on the basis of HPLC fluorometric response compared with that of their standards and confirmed by HPLC-MS in selected samples. The non-OTA-producing strains did produce neither OTA nor OTα at any of the conditions tested. The OTA-producing strains studied were able to produce both OTA and OTα in most of the conditions tested. In general, higher amounts of OTA than OTα were produced, but a positive correlation in the production of these two metabolites was detected. The lack of production of both OTA and OTα in the non-OTA-producing strains could be caused by the presence of silent genes or by mutations in functional or regulatory genes involved in OTA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rosa Bragulat
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Departament of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Eustaquio
- Chemical Analysis Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Javier Cabañes
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Departament of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pantelides IS, Aristeidou E, Lazari M, Tsolakidou MD, Tsaltas D, Christofidou M, Kafouris D, Christou E, Ioannou N. Biodiversity and ochratoxin A profile of Aspergillus section Nigri populations isolated from wine grapes in Cyprus vineyards. Food Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28648287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of Aspergillus section Nigri populations from Cyprus vineyards by morphological, toxigenic and phylogenetic analysis. Aspergillus section Nigri populations were isolated from grapes of the varieties 'Maratheftiko' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' originating from six growing regions of Cyprus during 2010 and 2011 years. The isolation frequency of Aspergillus section Nigri from grape samples was 43.3% and a total of 284 isolates were selected for further analyses based on the macroscopic characteristics of black aspergilli. The isolates were characterized by sequencing analysis of the calmodulin gene in order to identify species responsible for ochratoxin A (OTA) production. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates were grouped in three major clusters. The A. tubingensis cluster included 262 isolates (92.25%), the A. niger cluster included 15 isolates identified as A. niger (5.3%) and 6 isolates identified as A. welwitschiae (2.1%). One isolate was classified as A. carbonarius (0.35%) and was grouped in a cluster together with the reference isolates of A. carbonarius, A. sclerotioniger, A. sclerotiocarbonarius and A. ibericus. All the isolates were evaluated for their ochratoxigenic ability by HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) and the positive isolates were re-examined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The Aspergillus carbonarius isolate produced an average quantity of 1436.1 ng OTA/g Czapek Yeast Agar (CYA); From the A. niger strains three isolates (20%) produced OTA and only one isolate from A. welwitschiae (16.7%) was proved ochratoxigenic with toxin production average at 23.9 ng/g and 9.1 ng/g CYA respectively. Grape must samples derived from the collected berries were also analyzed for OTA and none of the samples were found contaminated with the mycotoxin. The results showed that the geographic area and the meteorological conditions had no significant effect on the incidence and the distribution of black aspergilli in this 2-year project. However, absence of rainfall and low humidity during the harvesting period were critical for the low incidence of the ochratoxigenic A. carbonarius on grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos S Pantelides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Efi Aristeidou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Lazari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dimitris Tsaltas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Ioannou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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9
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Prendes L, Zachetti V, Pereyra A, Morata de Ambrosini V, Ramirez M. Water activity and temperature effects on growth and mycotoxin production byAlternaria alternatastrains isolated from Malbec wine grapes. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:481-492. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L.P. Prendes
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Sede Central Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - V.G.L. Zachetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Sede Central Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Pereyra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - V.I. Morata de Ambrosini
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Sede Central Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M.L. Ramirez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Sede Central Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
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10
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Shabani F, Kumar L, Esmaeili A. A modelling implementation of climate change on biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus niger in soil. Glob Ecol Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Giaj Merlera G, Muñoz S, Coelho I, Cavaglieri LR, Torres AM, Reynoso MM. Diversity of black Aspergilli isolated from raisins in Argentina: Polyphasic approach to species identification and development of SCAR markers for Aspergillus ibericus. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 210:92-101. [PMID: 26114593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri is a heterogeneous fungal group including some ochratoxin A producer species that usually contaminate raisins. The section contains the Series Carbonaria which includes the toxigenic species Aspergillus carbonarius and nontoxigenic Aspergillus ibericus that are phenotypically undistinguishable. The aim of this study was to examine the diversity of black aspergilli isolated from raisins and to develop a specific genetic marker to distinguish A. ibericus from A. carbonarius. The species most frequently found in raisins in this study were Aspergillus tubingensis (35.4%) and A. carbonarius (32.3%), followed by Aspergillus luchuensis (10.7%), Aspergillus japonicus (7.7%), Aspergillus niger (6.2%), Aspergillus welwitschiae (4.6%) and A. ibericus (3.1%). Based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting profiles of major Aspergillus section Nigri members, a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was identified. Primers were designed based on the conserved regions of the SCAR marker and were utilized in a PCR for simultaneous identification of A. carbonarius and A. ibericus. The detection level of the SCAR-PCR was found to be 0.01 ng of purified DNA. The present SCAR-PCR is rapid and less cumbersome than conventional identification techniques and could be a supplementary strategy and a reliable tool for high-throughput sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giaj Merlera
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - S Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - I Coelho
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - L R Cavaglieri
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; The Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - A M Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; The Research Career of CONICET, Argentina.
| | - M M Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; The Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
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12
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Chiotta M, Sosa D, Ponsone M, Chulze S. Effect of water activity and temperature on growth of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus tubingensis and their interactions on ochratoxin A production. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri are described as the main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in grapes and wine worldwide. The grape-growing area in Argentina has a wide latitudinal extension with ecological variations that allow the classification of well-demarcated regions. The aims of this study were: to determine the effect of eco-physiological parameters on growth of Aspergillus tubingensis and Aspergillus carbonarius and to evaluate the interaction between these species on OTA production in synthetic grape juice medium under different water activity (aw) and temperature conditions. The results showed that optimal growth conditions for A. tubingensis and A. carbonarius were 0.980 aw and 28 °C, however A. tubingensis grew faster than A. carbonarius at all temperatures and aw tested. OTA production by A. carbonarius was favoured at 20 °C and 0.950-0.965 aw, during 14 days of incubation. The effect of A. tubingensis on OTA production by A. carbonarius was mainly dependent on temperature. At 35 °C, A. tubingensis reduced the OTA production while this effect was not observed at 20 °C. More OTA could be produced as a defence reaction against fungal competitors to maintain niche colonisation, but in this study no effects by a related species were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Chiotta
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - D.M. Sosa
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - M.L. Ponsone
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - S.N. Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
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Gil-Serna J, Vázquez C, García Sandino F, Márquez Valle A, González-Jaén MT, Patiño B. Evaluation of growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus steynii and Aspergillus westerdijkiae in green-coffee based medium under different environmental conditions. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Biodiversity and ITS-RFLP characterisation of Aspergillus section Nigri isolates in grapes from four traditional grape-producing areas in Greece. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93923. [PMID: 24710283 PMCID: PMC3977974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the occurrence of Aspergillus section Nigri species on grapes from four traditional grape-producing areas in Greece during the 2011/2012 vintage, and their capability to produce OTA was conducted. One hundred and twenty-eight black aspergilli isolates were characterised at the species level initially by the use of morphological criteria in accordance with appropriate keys, followed by molecular characterisation performed with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 5.8 ribosomal RNA gene Internal Transcribed Spacer region (5.8 rRNA ITS). Restriction enzyme digestion of the ITS amplicons using the HhaI, HinfI and RsaI, endonucleases distinguished eleven different patterns of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), four for each of the HhaI and RsaI digests and three for HinfI. From a total number of 128 individual isolates, 124 were classified into four Aspergillus species corresponding to A. carbonarius, A. tubingensis, A. japonicus and A. ibericus, and the remaining 4 were classified as members of the A. niger aggregate. A. carbonarius and A. tubingensis being the main representative species were equally counted, with higher geographical representation of the former in southern and the latter in northern regions, respectively. All isolates were tested for their ochratoxigenic potential by use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), resulting in significant interspecies differences in OTA production.
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15
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Reverberi M, Fabbri AA, Fanelli C. Ochratoxin A and Related Mycotoxins. Fungal Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1191-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Biodiversity of Aspergillus section Nigri populations in Argentinian vineyards and ochratoxin A contamination. Food Microbiol 2013; 36:182-90. [PMID: 24010597 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri are described as the main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in grapes and wine worldwide. The knowledge of the factors affecting grape contamination by species included in this section and OTA production is essential to be able to reduce their presence, not only to improve wine quality, but also to maintain their safety. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the incidence of Aspergillus section Nigri species harvested in different grape-growing regions from Argentina, their ability to produce OTA, to correlate with meteorological conditions and geographical coordinates with their prevalence and to evaluate the OTA natural occurrence in grapes and wines. The morphological identification showed that Aspergillus niger aggregate species were the most prevalent ones, followed by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus uniseriate. These populations were confirmed through using AFLP markers and sequencing and, Aspergillus tubingensis was separated from A. niger aggregate. Climatic factors, altitude, longitude and latitude have influenced on the distribution of species included in the section. A. carbonarius and A. niger were OTA producers but differed in their OTA producing ability. Temperature was the factor which influenced the most over the highest incidence of A. carbonarius in La Rioja and San Juan regions. The trellis system in vineyards and drip irrigation also influenced the species isolation. The OTA levels detected in grapes and wines were low, but grape variety was more important in susceptibility to fungal infection and OTA levels.
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Daskaya-Dikmen C, Heperkan D. Fumonisin production of black Aspergilliin vitro, fumonisin and ochratoxin A production in figs of positive strains and their growth assessment. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2012.756524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Velmourougane K, Bhat R, Gopinandhan TN. Composting coffee wastes, a potential source of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A contamination. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2012.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been extensively documented as a global contaminant of a wide variety of food commodities including the green coffee bean, but there is no clear information available on the spread of Aspergillus ochraceus in the coffee production chain. In this study, the growth of A. ochraceus and the fate of OTA during composting of solid coffee wastes, i.e. pulp and husk, were investigated. A trial was set up with pulp and husk alone or in combination, naturally and artificially contaminated with A. ochraceus. OTA was detected at levels up to 2.6 and 6.2 ng/g in naturally and artificially contaminated pulp, respectively. At the end of the composting process, 8.4 and 14.2 ng OTA per g were measured in naturally and artificially contaminated husk, respectively. Throughout the composting process, A. ochraceus counts did not show any clear increasing or decreasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Velmourougane
- Post Harvest Technology Lab, Coffee Research Sub Station, Coffee Board, Chettalli 571248, Coorg District, Karnataka, India
- Crop Production Division, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, PB. No-2 Shankar nagar post, Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - R. Bhat
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - T. N. Gopinandhan
- Coffee Research Sub Station, Coffee Board, Chettalli-571 248, Coorg District, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
The contamination of apple juice with patulin mycotoxin is a major risk factor in food safety. This study focuses to assess the biochemical and histopathological effects of patulin in apple juice samples collected from different outlets retailing in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. On the basis of the selected dose level, 152.5 ppb patulin/ml was administered daily orally for up to 6 weeks to male albino mice. The exposure to contaminated samples revealed significant elevation of all the studied blood parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as creatinine, urea and uric acid contents). On the other hand, and with regard to the accumulated neuronal toxicity of the tested dose level, the toxic signs were recorded as significant increase in the aggressive and locomotor behavioral changes. In addition, the brain areas monoamines concentration revealed variable increased changes. The potential maximal changes in norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin5-hydroxytryptamine levels attained in cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain and pons and medulla were assessed. Moreover, the histological examination revealed degeneration and necrosis in liver tissues and degenerated glomeruli and hemorrhage between the tubules of the cortical region in kidney tissues. The study declared that patulin-contaminated (152.5 ppb) apple juice exhibited liver, kidney and neurotoxicological effects in 6 weeks orally administered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A Al-Hazmi
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulias, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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