1
|
Yap WY, Loo LW, Sha HX, Hwang JS. Enhanced production of recombinant HALT-1 pore-forming toxin using two-step chromatographic procedure. MethodsX 2023; 10:102073. [PMID: 36865650 PMCID: PMC9971028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin-1 (HALT-1) has been isolated from Hydra magnipapillata and is highly cytolytic against various human cells including erythrocyte. Previously, recombinant HALT-1 (rHALT-1) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by the nickel affinity chromatography. In this study, we improved the purification of rHALT-1 by two-step purifications. Bacterial cell lysate containing rHALT-1 was subjected to the sulphopropyl (SP) cation exchange chromatography with different buffers, pHs, and NaCl concentrations. The results indicated that both phosphate and acetate buffers facilitated the strong binding of rHALT-1 to SP resins, and the buffers containing 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl, respectively, removed protein impurities but retain most rHALT-1 in the column. When combining the nickel affinity chromatography and the SP cation exchange chromatography, the purity of rHALT-1 was highly enhanced. In subsequent cytotoxicity assays, 50% of cells could be lysed at ∼18 and ∼22 µg/mL of rHALT-1 purified with phosphate and acetate buffers, respectively.•HALT-1 is a soluble α-pore-forming toxin of 18.38 kDa.•rHALT-1 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography followed by SP cation exchange chromatography.•The cytotoxicity of purified rHALT-1 using 2-step purifications via either phosphate or acetate buffer was comparable to those previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuen Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lok Wenn Loo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Xi Sha
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ker DS, Sha HX, Jonet MA, Hwang JS, Ng CL. Structural and functional analysis of Hydra Actinoporin-Like Toxin 1 (HALT-1). Sci Rep 2021; 11:20649. [PMID: 34667248 PMCID: PMC8526580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoporins are a family of α-pore-forming toxins (α-PFTs) that have been identified in sea anemones. Recently, a freshwater Hydra Actinoporin-Like Toxin (HALT) gene family was found in Hydra magnipapillata. Unlike sea anemone actinoporins that use sphingomyelin as their main recognition target, the HALTs proteins may recognise alternative lipid molecules as their target. To unveil the structural insights into lipid preference of HALTs protein as compared to sea anemone actinoporins, we have determined the first crystal structure of actinoporin-like toxin, HALT-1 at 1.43 Å resolution with an acetylated lysine residue K76. Despite the overall structure of HALT-1 sharing a high structural similarity to sea anemone actinoporins, the atomic resolution structure revealed several unique structural features of HALT-1 that may influence the lipid preference and oligomerisation interface. The HALT-1 contains a RAG motif in place of the highly conserved RGD motif found in sea anemone actinoporins. The RAG motif contributed to a sharper β9-β10 turn, which may sway its oligomerisation interface in comparison to sea anemone actinoporins. In the lipid-binding region, the HALT-1 contains a shorter α2 helix and a longer α2-β9 loop due to deletion and subsequently an insertion of five amino acid residues in comparison to the sea anemone actinoporins. Structure comparison and molecular docking analysis further revealed that the HALT-1 lipid-binding site may favour sphingolipids with sulfate or phosphate head group more than the sphingomyelin. The structure of HALT-1 reported here provides a new insight for a better understanding of the evolution and lipid recognition mechanism of actinoporin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Ker
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hong Xi Sha
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Anuar Jonet
- Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teo MYM, Ng JJC, Fong JY, Hwang JS, Song AAL, Lim RLH, In LLA. Development of a single-chain fragment variable fused-mutant HALT-1 recombinant immunotoxin against G12V mutated KRAS colorectal cancer cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11063. [PMID: 33959410 PMCID: PMC8053384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KRAS oncogenes harboring codon G12 and G13 substitutions are considered gatekeeper mutations which drive oncogenesis in many cancers. To date, there are still no target-specific vaccines or drugs available against this genotype, thus reinforcing the need towards the development of targeted therapies such as immunotoxins. Methods This study aims to develop a recombinant anti-mKRAS scFv-fused mutant Hydra actinoporin-like-toxin-1 (mHALT-1) immunotoxin that is capable of recognizing and eradicating codon-12 mutated k-ras antigen abnormal cells. One G13D peptide mimotope (164-D) and one G12V peptide mimotope (68-V) were designed to elicit antigen specific IgG titres against mutated K-ras antigens in immunised Balb/c mice. The RNA was extracted from splenocytes following ELISA confirmation on post-immunized mice sera and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. The scFv combinatorial library was constructed from cDNA repertoire of variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) fusions connected by a flexible glycine-serine linker, using splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR). Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were cloned in pCANTAB5E phagemid and superinfected with helper phage. After few rounds of bio-panning, a specific mKRAS G12V and G13D scFv antibody against G12V and G13D control mimotope was identified and confirmed using ELISA without any cross-reactivity with other mimotopes or controls. Subsequently, the anti-mKRAS scFv was fused to mHALT-1 using SOE-PCR and cloned in pET22b vector. Expressed recombinant immunotoxins were analyzed for their effects on cell proliferation by the MTT assay and targeted specificity by cell-based ELISA on KRAS-positive and KRAS-negative cancer cells. Results The VH and VL genes from spleen RNA of mice immunized with 164-D and 68-V were amplified and randomly linked together, using SOE-PCR producing band sizes about 750 bp. Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were constructed in phagemid pCANTAB5E vectors with a library containing 3.4 × 106 and 2.9 × 106 individual clones, respectively. After three rounds of bio-panning, the anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv antibody against G12V control mimotope was identified and confirmed without any cross-reactivity with other controls using ELISA. Anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv fragment was fused to mHALT-1 toxin and cloned in pET22b vector with expression as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21(DE3) (molecular weight of ~46.8 kDa). After successful solubilization and refolding, the mHALT-1-scFv immunotoxin exhibited cytotoxic effects on SW-480 colorectal cancer cells with IC50 of 25.39 μg/mL, with minimal cytotoxicity effect on NHDF cells. Discussion These results suggested that the development of such immunotoxins is potentially useful as an immunotherapeutic application against KRAS-positive malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeremy Jeack Ceen Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Yin Fong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel Lian Aun In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiemy WF, Hiew LF, Sha HX, In LLA, Hwang JS. Evaluation of Hydra HALT-1 as a toxin moiety for recombinant immunotoxin. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32552895 PMCID: PMC7301450 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotoxin is a hybrid protein consisting of a toxin moiety that is linked to a targeting moiety for the purpose of specific elimination of target cells. Toxins used in traditional immunotoxins are practically difficult to be produced in large amount, have poor tissue penetration and a complex internalization process. We hypothesized that the smaller HALT-1, a cytolysin derived from Hydra magnipapillata, can be used as the toxin moiety in construction of a recombinant immunotoxin. Results In this study, pro-inflammatory macrophage was selected as the target cell due to its major roles in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. We aimed to construct macrophage-targeted recombinant immunotoxins by combining HALT-1 with anti-CD64-scFv in two orientations, and to assess whether their cytotoxic activity and binding capability could be preserved upon molecular fusion. The recombinant immunotoxins, HALT-1-scFv and scFv-HALT-1, were successfully constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Our data showed that HALT-1 still exhibited significant cytotoxicity against CD64+ and CD64− cell lines upon fusion with anti-CD64 scFv, although it had half cytotoxic activity as compared to HALT-1 alone. As positioning HALT-1 at N- or C-terminus did not affect its potency, the two constructs demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activities with IC50 lower in CD64+ cell line than in CD64− cell line. In contrast, the location of targeting moieties anti-CD64 scFv at C-terminal end was crucial in maintaining the scFv binding capability. Conclusions HALT-1 could be fused with anti-CD64-scFv via a fsexible polypeptide linker. Upon the successful production of this recombinant HALT-1 scFv fusion protein, HALT-1 was proven effective for killing two human cell lines. Hence, this preliminary study strongly suggested that HALT-1 holds potential as the toxin moiety in therapeutic cell targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F Jiemy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lih Fhung Hiew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Xi Sha
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yap WY, Tan KJSX, Hwang JS. Expansion of Hydra actinoporin-like toxin (HALT) gene family: Expression divergence and functional convergence evolved through gene duplication. Toxicon 2019; 170:10-20. [PMID: 31513812 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) was previously shown to cause cytolysis and haemolysis in a number of human cells and has similar functional properties to the actinoporins equinatoxin and sticholysin. In addition to HALT-1, five other HALTs (HALTs 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) were also isolated from Hydra magnipapillata and expressed as recombinant proteins in this study. We demonstrated that recombinant HALTs have cytolytic activity on HeLa cells but each exhibited a different range of toxicity. All six recombinant HALTs bound to sulfatide, while rHALT-1 and rHALT-3 bound to two additional sphingolipids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate as indicated by the protein-lipid overlay assay. When either tryptophan133 or tyrosine129 of HALT-1 was mutated, the mutant protein lost binding to sulfatide, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As further verification of HALTs' binding to sulfatide, we performed ELISA for each HALT. To determine the cell-type specific gene expression of seven HALTs in Hydra, we searched for individual HALT expression in the single-cell RNA-seq data set of Single Cell Portal. The results showed that HALT-1, 4 and 7 were expressed in differentiating stenoteles. HALT-1 and HALT-6 were expressed in the female germline during oogenesis. HALT-2 was strongly expressed in the gland and mucous cells in the endoderm. Information on HALT-3 and HALT-5 could not be found in the single-cell data set. Our findings show that subfunctionalisation of gene expression following duplication enabled HALTs to become specialized in various cell types of the interstitial cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuen Yap
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katrina Joan Shu Xian Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ng TJ, Teo MYM, Liew DS, Effiong PE, Hwang JS, Lim CSY, In LLA. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of wildtype and mutated Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) on various cancer cell lines. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6639. [PMID: 31106043 PMCID: PMC6500716 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydra actinoporin like toxin -1 (HALT-1), is a small 18.5 kDa pore forming toxin derived from Hydra magnipapillata which has been shown to elicit strong haemolytic and cytolytic activity when in contact with cell membranes. Due to its cytotoxic potency, HALT-1 was further investigated for its potential as a toxin moiety candidate in immunotoxin developmental efforts, ideally as a form of targeted therapy against cancer. Methods In this study, wtHALT-1 (wild type) and its Y110A mutated binding domain counterpart (mHALT-1) were produced and evaluated for their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on various cancer cell lines. A total of seven different tumour and non-tumour cell lines including HeLa, HepG2, SW-620, MCF-7, CCD841CoN, NHDF and HCT116 were used. Immunofluorescence assays were used to observe membrane binding and localization changes between both HALT-1 recombinant proteins based on 6xHis-tag detection. Result Based on MTT data, mHALT-1 demonstrated a significant reduction of 82% ± 12.21% in cytotoxic activity across all cell lines after the membrane recognition domain had been mutated in comparison to the wtHALT-1. Annexin V FITC/PI assay data also indicated that HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 demonstrated an apoptosis-mediated cell death after being treated with wtHALT-1. Additionally, a notable difference between wtHALT-1 and mHALT-1 binding affinity was clearly observed where emission of green fluorescence along the cell membrane was observed only in wtHALT-1 treated cells. Discussion These results suggest that mHALT-1 (Y110A) can be potentially developed as a toxin-moiety candidate for the development of future immunotoxins against various human cell-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jia Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dek Shen Liew
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Etim Effiong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Crystale Siew Ying Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI university, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yap WY, Hwang JS. Response of Cellular Innate Immunity to Cnidarian Pore-Forming Toxins. Molecules 2018; 23:E2537. [PMID: 30287801 PMCID: PMC6222686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of stable, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins constitute the pore forming toxins (PFTs) in cnidarians. They interact with membranes to physically alter the membrane structure and permeability, resulting in the formation of pores. These lesions on the plasma membrane causes an imbalance of cellular ionic gradients, resulting in swelling of the cell and eventually its rupture. Of all cnidarian PFTs, actinoporins are by far the best studied subgroup with established knowledge of their molecular structure and their mode of pore-forming action. However, the current view of necrotic action by actinoporins may not be the only mechanism that induces cell death since there is increasing evidence showing that pore-forming toxins can induce either necrosis or apoptosis in a cell-type, receptor and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the response of the cellular immune system to the cnidarian pore-forming toxins and the signaling pathways that might be involved in these cellular responses. Since PFTs represent potential candidates for targeted toxin therapy for the treatment of numerous cancers, we also address the challenge to overcoming the immunogenicity of these toxins when used as therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuen Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliveira CS, Caldeira CAS, Diniz-Sousa R, Romero DL, Marcussi S, Moura LA, Fuly AL, de Carvalho C, Cavalcante WLG, Gallacci M, Pai MD, Zuliani JP, Calderon LA, Soares AM. Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:22. [PMID: 30181737 PMCID: PMC6114500 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians: Millepora alcicornis, Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata and Condylactis gigantea (total and body wall). METHODS The cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities. RESULTS All cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only S. helianthus induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA2 substrate, was presented only by the C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus. The extracts from P. homomalla and S. helianthus induced edema, while only C. gigantea and S. helianthus showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by B. annulata extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, except M. alcicornis. All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Only the C. gigantea (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus were the most active; however, only C. gigantea (body wall) and M. alcicornis were active against B16F10 cells. CONCLUSION The cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Rafaela Diniz-Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Dolores L. Romero
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Laura A. Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular (GCM), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - André L. Fuly
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular (GCM), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Cicília de Carvalho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Walter L. G. Cavalcante
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Márcia Gallacci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal Pai
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Lucas (UniSL), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ben-Ari H, Paz M, Sher D. The chemical armament of reef-building corals: inter- and intra-specific variation and the identification of an unusual actinoporin in Stylophora pistilata. Sci Rep 2018; 8:251. [PMID: 29321526 PMCID: PMC5762905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Corals, like other cnidarians, are venomous animals that rely on stinging cells (nematocytes) and their toxins to catch prey and defend themselves against predators. However, little is known about the chemical arsenal employed by stony corals, despite their ecological importance. Here, we show large differences in the density of nematocysts and whole-body hemolytic activity between different species of reef-building corals. In the branched coral Stylophora pistillata, the tips of the branches exhibited a greater hemolytic activity than the bases. Hemolytic activity and nematocyst density were significantly lower in Stylophora that were maintained for close to a year in captivity compared to corals collected from the wild. A cysteine-containing actinoporin was identified in Stylophora following partial purification and tandem mass spectrometry. This toxin, named Δ-Pocilopotoxin-Spi1 (Δ-PCTX-Spi1) is the first hemolytic toxin to be partially isolated and characterized in true reef-building corals. Loss of hemolytic activity during chromatography suggests that this actinoporin is only one of potentially several hemolytic molecules. These results suggest that the capacity to employ offensive and defensive chemicals by corals is a dynamic trait within and between coral species, and provide a first step towards identifying the molecular components of the coral chemical armament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanit Ben-Ari
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Moran Paz
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Sher
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cnidarian Jellyfish: Ecological Aspects, Nematocyst Isolation, and Treatment Methods of Sting. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:477-513. [PMID: 30083932 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cnidarians play an important role in ecosystem functioning, in the competition among species, and for possible utilization of several active compounds against cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, immune, infective, and inflammatory disorders or having antitumoral properties, which have been extracted from these organisms. Nevertheless, notwithstanding these promising features, the main reason for which cnidarians are known is due to their venomousness as they have a serious impact on public health as well as in economy being able to affect some human activities. For this reason a preeminent subject of the research about cnidarians is the organization of proper systems and methods of care and treatment of stinging. This chapter aims to present the data about the morphological, ecological, toxicological, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects regarding cnidarians with the purpose to summarize the existing knowledge and to stimulate future perspectives in the research on these organisms.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pore-forming toxins in Cnidaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
12
|
Sha HX, Hwang JS. Identification of a target protein of Hydra actinoporin-like toxin-1 (HALT-1) using GST affinity purification and SILAC-based quantitative proteomics. Toxicon 2017; 133:153-161. [PMID: 28478056 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin-1 (HALT-1) is a 20.8 kDa pore-forming toxin isolated from Hydra magnipapillata. HALT-1 shares structural similarity with actinoporins, a family that is well known for its haemolytic and cytolytic activity. However, the precise pore-forming mechanism of HALT-1 remains an open question since little is known about the specific target binding for HALT-1. For this reason, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed using affinity purification and SILAC-based mass spectrometry to identify potential protein-protein interactions between mammalian HeLa cell surface proteins and HALT-1. A total of 4 mammalian proteins was identified, of which only folate receptor alpha was further verified by ELISA. Our preliminary results highlight an alternative-binding mode of HALT-1 to the human plasma membrane. This is the first evidence showing that HALT-1, an actinoporin-like protein, binds to a membrane protein, the folate receptor alpha. This study would advance our understanding of the molecular basis of toxicity of pore-forming toxins and provide new insights in the production of more potent inhibitors for the toxin-membrane receptor interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xi Sha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pore-forming toxins: Properties, diversity, and uses as tools to image sphingomyelin and ceramide phosphoethanolamine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:576-92. [PMID: 26498396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) represent a unique class of highly specific lipid-binding proteins. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been overcome through crystallographic structure and mutation studies, facilitating the development of non-toxic lipid probes. As a consequence, non-toxic PFTs have been utilized as highly specific probes to visualize the diversity and dynamics of lipid nanostructures in living and fixed cells. This review is focused on the application of PFTs and their non-toxic analogs as tools to visualize sphingomyelin and ceramide phosphoethanolamine, two major phosphosphingolipids in mammalian and insect cells, respectively. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale.
Collapse
|