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Shokr SM, Kahlert S, Kluess J, Hradsky J, Dänicke S, Rothkötter HJ, Nossol C. Modeling of culture conditions by culture system, glucose and propionic acid and their impact on metabolic profile in IPEC-J2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307411. [PMID: 39024309 PMCID: PMC11257281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiological environment and their corresponding secreted metabolite spectrum are an essential modulator of the enterocyte function, effecting the whole organism. Intestinal porcine jejunal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) is an established in vitro model for differentiation of enterocytes in different cell culture models. An improved oxygen supply seems to be the main reason for differentiation in an air-liquid-interface culture, but this has not yet been conclusively clarified. In this context, the nutrition of the cell and its influence on the metabolism is also of crucial importance. The interest in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has grown steadily in recent years due to their clinical relevance in certain diseases such as multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory diseases, but not much is known of FFAR2 and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 2 and 3) in pigs. We want to address the questions: 1. about the distribution of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in vivo and in vitro in sus scrofa 2. whether there is an influence of propionic acid, glucose content and cultivation on metabolism of enterocytes? The morphological analysis of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in vivo was investigated through immunostaining of frozen sections of the porcine gut segments jejunum, ileum and colon. Both receptors are expressed along the gut and were found in the smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis and lamina muscularis mucosae. Furthermore, a high expression of FFAR2 and a low expression of FFAR3 in the enteric nerve system was also observed in jejunum, ileum and colon of sus scrofa. In addition, FFAR2 and FFAR3 within the vessels was investigated. FFAR3 showed a strong expression on endothelial cells of veins and lymphatic vessels but was not detectable on arteries. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time, FFAR2 and FFAR3 in IPEC-J2 cells on RNA- and protein level, as well as with confocal microscopy. In addition, ENO1 and NDUFA4 were investigated on RNA-level in IPEC-J2 cells as 2 important genes, which play an essential role in metabolism. Here, NDUFA4 is detected in the model animal sus scrofa as well as in the porcine cell line IPEC-J2. A potential impact of propionic acid and/or glucose and/or cultivation method on the metabolism of the cells was tested with the Seahorse analyzer. Here, a significant higher ECAR was observed in the SMC than in the OCR. In summary, we were able to show that the cultivation system appears to have a greater influence than the medium composition or nutrition of the cells. However, this can be modulated by incubation time or combination of different SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirko Marcel Shokr
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Hradsky
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Constanze Nossol
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nossol C, Landgraf P, Oster M, Kahlert S, Barta-Böszörmenyi A, Kluess J, Wimmers K, Isermann B, Stork O, Dieterich DC, Dänicke S, Rothkötter HJ. Deoxynivalenol triggers the expression of IL-8-related signaling cascades and decreases protein biosynthesis in primary monocyte-derived cells. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:279-293. [PMID: 38498144 PMCID: PMC11043135 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Humans and their immune system are confronted with mold-contaminated food and/or mold-contaminated air in daily life and indoor activities. This results in metabolic stress and unspecific disease symptoms. Other studies provided evidence that exposure to mold is associated with the etiology of allergies. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is of great concern due to its frequent occurrence in toxically relevant concentrations. The exposure to this toxin is a permanent health risk for both humans and farm animals because DON cannot be significantly removed during standard milling and processing procedures. However, the direct effect on immunity or hematology is poorly defined because most investigations could not separate the effect of DON-contaminated feed intake. Due to the widespread distribution of DON after rapid absorption, it is not surprising that DON is known to affect the immune system. The immune system of the organism has one important function, to defend against the invasion of unknown substances/organisms. This study shows for the first time a synergistic effect of both-low physiological DON-doses in combination with low LPS-doses with the focus on the IL-8 expression on protein and RNA level. Both doses were found in vivo. IL-8 together with other anorectic cytokines like IL-1β can affect the food intake and anorexia. We could also show that a calcium-response is not involved in the increased IL-8 production after acute DON stimulation with high or low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Nossol
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - P Landgraf
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - S Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Barta-Böszörmenyi
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Stork
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D C Dieterich
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H-J Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Nossol C, Landgraf P, Barta-Böszörmenyi A, Kahlert S, Kluess J, Isermann B, Stork O, Dieterich DC, Dänicke S, Rothkötter HJ. Deoxynivalenol affects cell metabolism in vivo and inhibits protein synthesis in IPEC-1 cells. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00489-z. [PMID: 37256505 PMCID: PMC10393834 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol is present in forage crops in concentrations that endanger animal welfare but is also found in cereal-based food. The amphipathic nature of mycotoxins allows them to cross the cell membrane and interacts with different cell organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes. In our study, we investigated the gene expression of several genes in vivo and in vitro that are related to the metabolism. We observed a significantly higher COX5B and MHCII expression in enterocytes of DON-fed pigs compared to CON-fed pigs and a marked increase in GAPDH and SLC7A11 in DON-fed pigs, but we could not confirm this in vitro in IPEC-1. In vitro, functional metabolic analyses were performed with a seahorse analyzer. A significant increase of non-mitochondrial respiration was observed in all DON-treatment groups (50-2000 ng/mL). The oxygen consumption of cells, which were cultured on membranes, was examined with a fiber-glass electrode. Here, we found significantly lower values for DON 200- and DON 2000-treatment group. The effect on ribosomes was investigated using biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) to tag newly synthesized proteins. A significantly reduced amount was found in almost all DON-treatment groups. Our findings clearly show that apical and basolateral DON-treatment of epithelial cell layer results in decreasing amounts of newly synthesized proteins. Furthermore, our study shows that DON affects enterocyte metabolism in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Nossol
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
| | - Peter Landgraf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Anikó Barta-Böszörmenyi
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | | | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Deparment of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany
| | - H-J Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
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Zearalenone Promotes LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Accelerates Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810925. [PMID: 36142835 PMCID: PMC9500836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both zearalenone (ZEA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce oxidative stress, and even apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), but not much attention has been given to the synergistic effect of ZEA and LPS. In this study, we treated MAC-T cells with different concentrations of LPS (1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and ZEA (5, 15, and 30 μM) to induce cell damage. Previous results show that MAC-T cell viability decreases with increasing LPS concentration. Meanwhile, 1 µg/mL LPS and ZEA were selected for combined treatment in subsequent studies. It was found that co-treatment with ZEA and LPS increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduces glutathione (GSH). ZEA and LPS are found to activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). It increases cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), indicated by up-regulation of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinases 3 (caspase-3) expression. The above results suggest that the synergistic effect of ZEA and LPS aggravate cytotoxicity.
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Dänicke S, Heymann AK, Oster M, Wimmers K, Tesch T, Bannert E, Bühler S, Kersten S, Frahm J, Kluess J, Kahlert S, Rothkötter HJ, Billenkamp F. Does chronic dietary exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affect the porcine hepatic transcriptome when an acute-phase response is initiated through first or second-pass LPS challenge of the liver? Innate Immun 2021; 27:388-408. [PMID: 34338001 PMCID: PMC8419296 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of pigs to deoxynivalenol (DON) might be increased by systemic inflammation (SI), which also has consequences for hepatic integrity. Liver lesions and a dys-regulated gene network might hamper hepatic handling and elimination of DON whereby the way of initiation of hepatic inflammation might play an additional role. First and second-pass exposure of the liver with LPS for triggering a SI was achieved by LPS infusion via pre- or post-hepatic venous route, respectively. Each infusion group was pre-conditioned either with a control diet (0.12 mg DON/kg diet) or with a DON-contaminated diet (4.59 mg DON/kg diet) for 4 wk. Liver transcriptome was evaluated at 195 min after starting infusions. DON exposure alone failed to modulate the mRNA expression significantly. However, pre- and post-hepatic LPS challenges prompted transcriptional responses in immune and metabolic levels. The mRNAs for B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein 11 as a key factor in apoptosis and IFN-γ released by T cells were clearly up-regulated in DON-fed group infused with LPS post-hepatically. On the other hand, mRNAs for nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2, IFN-α and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase 3 as ribosomal stress sensors were exclusively up-regulated in control pigs with pre-hepatic LPS infusion. These diverse effects were traced back to differences in TLR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Heymann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Erik Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Susanne Bühler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Billenkamp
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
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6
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Schären M, Riefke B, Slopianka M, Keck M, Gruendemann S, Wichard J, Brunner N, Klein S, Snedec T, Theinert KB, Pietsch F, Rachidi F, Köller G, Bannert E, Spilke J, Starke A. Aspects of transition cow metabolomics-Part III: Alterations in the metabolome of liver and blood throughout the transition period in cows with different liver metabotypes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9245-9262. [PMID: 34024605 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the postpartum (PP) energy metabolism of the transition dairy cow; however, studies describing the liver metabolome during this period were lacking. The aim of the presented study was therefore to compare the alterations in the liver and blood metabolome of transition dairy cows. For this purpose, an on-farm trial with 80 German Holstein cows (mean lactation number: 3.9; range: 2-9) was performed, with thorough documentation of clinical traits and clinical chemistry, as well as production data. Liver biopsies and blood samples were collected at d 14 (mean: 12 d, range: 1-26 d) antepartum (AP), d 7 (7, 4-13) and 28 (28, 23-34; mean, earliest-latest) PP for targeted mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis) as well as univariate methods (linear mixed model). Multivariate data analysis of the liver metabolome revealed 3 different metabotypes (A = medium, B = minor, C = large alterations in the liver metabolome profile between AP and PP). In metabotype C, an increase of almost all acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC), sphingomyelins, and some phosphatidylcholines (PC, mainly at 7 d PP) was observed after calving. In contrast to metabotype C, the clinical data of the metabotype B animals indicated a higher PP lipomobilization and occurrence of transition cow diseases. The liver metabolome profile of these animals most likely mirrors a failure of adaptation to the PP state. This strong occurrence of metabotypes was much less pronounced in the blood metabolome. Additionally, differences in metabolic patterns were observed across the transition period when comparing liver and blood matrices (e.g., in different biogenic amines, acylcarnitines and sphingolipids). In summary, the blood samples at 7 d PP showed lower acylcarnitines and PC, with minor alterations and a heterogeneous pattern in AA, biogenic amines, and sphingomyelins compared with 14 d AP. In contrast to 7 d PP, the blood samples at 28 PP revealed an increase in several AA, lysoPC, PC, and sphingomyelins in comparison to the AP state, irrespective of the metabotype. In the liver biopsies metabotype B differed from metabotype C animals ante partum by following metabolites: higher α aminoadipic acid, lower AA, serotonin, taurine, and symmetric dimethylarginine levels, lower or higher concentrations of certain acylcarnitines (higher: C2, C3, C5, C4:1; lower: C12:1, C14:1-OH, C16:2), and lower lysoPC (a C16:0, C18:0, C20:3, C20:4) and hexose levels. In blood samples, fewer differences were observed, with lower serotonin, acylcarnitine C16:2, lysoPC (a C16:0, C17:0, C18:0 and C18:1), PC aa C38:0, and PC ae C42:2. The results show that the use of only the blood metabolome to assess liver metabolism may be hampered by the fact that blood profiles are influenced by the metabolism of many organs, and metabolomics analysis from liver biopsies is a more suitable method to identify distinct metabotypes. Future studies should investigate the stability and reproducibility of the metabotype and phenotypes observed, and the possible predictive value of the metabolites already differing AP between metabotype B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schären
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - B Riefke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Slopianka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Keck
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gruendemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Brunner
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - S Klein
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - T Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K B Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Rachidi
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Köller
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Str. 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Mora S, Martín-González E, Prados-Pardo Á, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased Compulsivity in Adulthood after Early Adolescence Immune Activation: Preclinical Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4684. [PMID: 33924858 PMCID: PMC8125663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation during early developmental stages has been proposed as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism in both human and animal studies. However, its relationship with the vulnerability to inhibitory control deficit, which is a shared feature among those conditions, remains unclear. The present work studied whether postnatal immune activation during early adolescence, combined with exposure to early-life adverse events, could lead to adult vulnerability to impulsive and/or compulsive behaviors. Male Wistar rats were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in early adolescence at postnatal day 26 (PND26). During peripuberal period, half of the animals were exposed to a mild stress protocol. In adulthood, behavioral assessment was performed with the aid of the sustained attentional 5-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task, schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP), and open-field locomotor activity and novelty reactivity. Rats exposed to LPS showed more compulsive responses than their control counterparts on 5-CSRT task, although no differences were observed in SIP or locomotor responses. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between immune activation and inhibitory control deficit. Future studies should aim to disentangle how, and to what extent, immune activation impacts behavior, and to understand the role of early life mild stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (Á.P.-P.); (P.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (Á.P.-P.); (P.F.)
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Meyer J, Kononov SU, Grindler S, Tröscher-Mußotter J, Alaedin MT, Frahm J, Hüther L, Kluess J, Kersten S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Most E, Eder K, Sauerwein H, Seifert J, Huber K, Wegerich A, Rehage J, Dänicke S. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010136. [PMID: 33435209 PMCID: PMC7828073 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
l-carnitine plays an important role in energy metabolism through supporting the transport of activated fatty acids to the subcellular site of β-oxidation. An acute phase reaction (APR) is known as an energy consuming process. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are often used in animal models to study intervention measures during innate immune responses such as APR. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation during an LPS-induced APR in mid-lactating German Holstein cows. Animals were assigned to a control (CON, n = 26) or l-carnitine group (CAR, n = 27, 25 g rumen-protected l-carnitine/cow/d) and received an intravenous injection of LPS (0.5 μg/kg body weight) at day 111 post-partum. Blood samples were collected from day 1 pre-injection until day 14 post-injection (pi). From 0.5 h pi until 72 h pi blood samplings and clinical examinations were performed in short intervals. Clinical signs of the APR were not altered in group CAR except rumen motility which increased at a lower level compared to the CON group after a period of atonia. Group CAR maintained a higher insulin level compared to group CON even up to 72 h pi which might support glucose utilization following an APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Susanne Ursula Kononov
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Anatomy of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 35, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.G.); (K.H.)
| | - Sandra Grindler
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Anatomy of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 35, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.G.); (K.H.)
| | - Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Microbiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 8, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.-M.); (J.S.)
| | - Mohamad Taher Alaedin
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.T.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-58044-142
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (E.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (E.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.T.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Microbiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 8, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.-M.); (J.S.)
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Anatomy of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 35, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.G.); (K.H.)
| | - Anja Wegerich
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (S.U.K.); (L.H.); (J.K.); (S.K.); (D.v.S.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
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9
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Dänicke S, Bannert E, Tesch T, Kersten S, Frahm J, Bühler S, Sauerwein H, Görs S, Kahlert S, Rothkötter HJ, Metges CC, Kluess J. Oral exposure of pigs to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol does not modulate the hepatic albumin synthesis during a LPS-induced acute-phase reaction. Innate Immun 2020; 26:716-732. [PMID: 32703050 PMCID: PMC7787558 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920937778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of pigs to deoxynivalenol (DON) might be influenced by systemic
inflammation (SI) which impacts liver. Besides following acute-phase proteins,
our aim was to investigate both the hepatic fractional albumin (ALB) synthesis
rate (FSR) and the ALB concentration as indicators of ALB metabolism in presence
and absence of SI induced by LPS via pre- or post-hepatic venous route. Each
infusion group was pre-conditioned either with a control diet (CON, 0.12 mg
DON/kg diet) or with a DON-contaminated diet (DON, 4.59 mg DON/kg diet) for 4
wk. A depression of ALB FSR was observed 195 min after LPS challenge,
independent of feeding group or LPS application route, which was not paralleled
by a down-regulated ALB mRNA expression but by a reduced availability of free
cysteine. The drop in ALB FSR only partly explained the plasma ALB
concentrations which were more depressed in the DON-pre-exposed groups,
suggesting that ALB levels are influenced by further mechanisms. The abundances
of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, pig major acute-phase
protein, fibrinogen and LPS-binding protein mRNA were up-regulated upon LPS
stimulation but not accompanied by increases in the plasma concentrations of
these proteins, pointing at an imbalance between synthesis and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Bühler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Cimbalo A, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Manyes L. Toxicity of mycotoxins in vivo on vertebrate organisms: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111161. [PMID: 32014537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are considered to be a major risk factor affecting human and animal health as they are one of the most dangerous contaminants of food and feed. This review aims to compile the research developed up to date on the toxicological effects that mycotoxins can induce on human health, through the examination of a selected number of studies in vivo. AFB1 shows to be currently the most studied mycotoxin in vivo, followed by DON, ZEA and OTA. Scarce data was found for FBs, PAT, CIT, AOH and Fusarium emerging mycotoxins. The majority of them concerned the investigation of immunotoxicity, whereas the rest consisted in the study of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, teratogenicity and neurotoxicity. In order to assess the risk, a wide range of different techniques have been employed across the reviewed studies: qPCR, ELISA, IHC, WB, LC-MS/MS, microscopy, enzymatic assays, microarray and RNA-Seq. In the last decade, the attention has been drawn to immunologic and transcriptomic aspects of mycotoxins' action, confirming their toxicity at molecular level. Even though, more in vivo studies are needed to further investigate their mechanism of action on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - M Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - L Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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11
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Analytical method for the determination of polyethylenglycole 400 as marker in porcine plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1113:45-49. [PMID: 30889499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenglycole (PEG) is a widespread linear polymer which can be utilized as a solute digestive and intestinal permeability marker in nutritional physiology studies depending on chain length/molecular mass. PEG 400 is proposed to be an ideal permeability marker. Due to its molecular mass (238-590 g/mol) and characteristics, PEG 400 is suggested to be used as a surrogate for studying the paracellular permeability of small hydrophilic molecules. For this purpose, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of the major oligomers of PEG 400 in porcine plasma. The analysis included a simple and rapid clean-up step where proteins were precipitated. The most intense ions corresponding to seven PEG 400 oligomers were separated within 7 min. Validation of the optimized method was performed in the range of 500-18,000 ng/mL. Mean recoveries between 93 and 105% were achieved using spiked plasma samples in three different concentration levels. The limit of quantification ranged between 11 and 244 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of porcine plasma samples obtained from an animal experiment with barrows. The kinetic course of administrated PEG 400 was shown based on the dataset of two barrows selected from the control group, and it was figured out that relative proportion of each PEG oligomer in portal plasma decreased with increasing molecular mass.
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12
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High contamination levels of deoxynivalenol-induced erythrocyte damage in different models. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Kahlert S, Renner L, Kluess J, Frahm J, Tesch T, Bannert E, Kersten S, Dänicke S, Rothkötter HJ. Effects of deoxynivalenol-feed contamination on circulating LPS in pigs. Innate Immun 2019; 25:168-175. [PMID: 30760085 PMCID: PMC6830939 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919829552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low concentration of LPS can be detected in healthy mammals without triggering
systemic inflammation. Here we analysed the influence of the mycotoxin
deoxynivalenol (DON) on very low LPS concentrations and the role of DON in the
physiology of pigs challenged with high artificial LPS dosage mimicking septic
shock. Pigs were fed for 29 d with DON-contaminated (4.59 mg/kg feed) or control
feed. Samples of control animals showed 6.6 ± 13.5 pg/ml LPS in portal and
3.1 ± 7.6 pg/ml LPS in jugular serum samples. In the DON fed group,
3.4 ± 7.2 pg/ml and 0.6 ± 0.8 pg/ml were detected. The differences were
statistically not significant, indicating that DON is not a trigger for enhanced
LPS transfer into the blood circulation. Next, pigs were challenged with 7.5 µg
LPS/kg body mass via portal or jugular route. The application route did not
significantly influence the LPS concentration. We expected higher circulating
LPS concentrations in the presence of DON due to the additional stress of liver
metabolism and reduced liver capacity to remove LPS from circulation. This
scenario is supported by tendency. In summary, we found that DON is unlikely to
influence LPS transfer in the gut; DON likely reduces the capacity for LPS
removal in septic shock conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kahlert
- 1 Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Renner
- 1 Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik Bannert
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Deoxynivalenol Affects Cell Metabolism and Increases Protein Biosynthesis in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2): DON Increases Protein Biosynthesis. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110464. [PMID: 30423940 PMCID: PMC6266275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxin found in cereals as well as in processed products such as pasta, and causes substantial economic losses for stock breeding as it induces vomiting, reduced feeding, and reduced growth rates in piglets. Oxidative phosphorylation, TCA-cycle, transcription, and translation have been hypothesized to be leading pathways that are affected by DON. We used an application of high and low glucose to examine oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis. A change in the metabolic status of IPEC-J2 was observed and confirmed by microarray data. Measurements of oxygen consumption resulted in a significant reduction, if DON attacks from the basolateral. Furthermore, we found a dose-dependent effect with a significant reduction at 2000 ng/mL. In addition, SLC7A11 and PHB, the genes with the highest regulation in our microarray analyses under low glucose supply, were investigated and showed a variable regulation on protein level. Lactate production and glucose consumption was investigated to examine the impact of DON on anaerobic glycolysis and we observed a significant increase in 2000 blhigh and a decrease in 2000 aphigh. Interestingly, both groups as well as 200 blhigh showed a significant higher de novo protein synthesis when compared to the control. These results indicate the direct or indirect impact of DON on metabolic pathways in IPEC-J2.
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15
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Tran AT, Kluess J, Berk A, Paulick M, Frahm J, Schatzmayr D, Kersten S, Dänicke S. Effects of a Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Maize Treated with Sodium Sulfite on Male Piglets in the Presence of an LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100419. [PMID: 30340332 PMCID: PMC6215154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of feeding sodium sulfite (SoS) treated uncontaminated and Fusarium contaminated maize in a porcine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge model. Eighty piglets (7.59 ± 0.92 kg body weight [BW]) were equally assigned to one of four experimental diets containing 10% maize, either uncontaminated and untreated (CON-, 0.09 mg deoxynivalenol [DON]/kg diet) or uncontaminated and SoS-treated (CON+, wet-preserved with 5 g SoS/kg maize; 0.05 mg DON/kg diet), or prepared with 10% of a Fusarium contaminated maize containing mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), either contaminated and untreated (FUS-, 5.36 mg DON/kg diet), or contaminated and SoS-treated (FUS+, wet-preserved with 5 g SoS/kg maize; 0.83 mg DON/kg diet). At day 42 of experiment, ten pigs of each group were injected intraperitoneally with either 7.5 µg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl). At 120 min after injection, blood samples were collected to analyse TNF-α, hematological profile, clinical biochemistry as well as the redox status. A significant increase in body temperature and cytokine TNF-α concentration was observed in the LPS-injected piglets. Results for hematology, clinical chemistry and redox status indicate no effects of SoS treatment, with exception of neutrophil counts being significantly more pronounced after feeding the SoS treated FUS maize. In conclusion, SoS treatment of maize did not modulate the LPS-induced acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Tran
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Berk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marleen Paulick
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Dian Schatzmayr
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH, BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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16
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Bannert E, Tesch T, Kluess J, Winkler J, Frahm J, Kersten S, Kahlert S, Renner L, Rothkötter HJ, Dänicke S. On the distribution and metabolism of Fusarium-toxins along the gastrointestinal tract of endotoxaemic pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:163-177. [PMID: 29741131 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1465261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential modulatory effect of E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on residues of deoxynivalenol (DON), de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZAL) after pre- or post-hepatic administration along the gastrointestinal axis. Fifteen barrows were exposed to a naturally mycotoxin contaminated diet (4.59 mg DON/kg feed and 0.22 mg ZEN/kg feed) and equipped with jugular (ju) and portal (po) catheters. On sampling day (day 29), the barrows were infused with LPS or a control fluid (LPS, 7.5 µg/kg body weight; control, 0.9% NaCl) either pre- or post-hepatically, resulting in three infusion groups: CONju-CONpo, CONju-LPSpo and LPSju-CONpo. At 195 min relative to infusion start (210 min post-feeding), pigs were sacrificed and content of stomach and small intestine (proximal, medial and distal part) as well as faeces were collected. In all LPS-infused animals, higher amounts of dry matter were recovered irrespective of LPS entry site suggesting a reduced gastric emptying and a decreased gastrointestinal motility under endotoxaemic conditions. DON metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remained unaltered by treatments and included an increase in the proportion of DOM-1 along the GIT, particularly from distal small intestine to faeces. Variables describing ZEN metabolism suggest a stimulated biliary release of ZEN and its metabolites in LPS-infused groups, particularly in the LPSju-CONpo group. In conclusion, the GIT metabolism of ZEN was markedly influenced in endotoxaemic pigs whereby a jugular induction of an acute phase reaction was more effective than portal LPS infusion hinting at a strong hepatic first-pass effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bannert
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Janine Winkler
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- b Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy , Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Lydia Renner
- b Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy , Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Rothkötter
- b Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy , Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany
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17
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Renner L, Kahlert S, Tesch T, Bannert E, Frahm J, Barta-Böszörményi A, Kluess J, Kersten S, Schönfeld P, Rothkötter HJ, Dänicke S. Chronic DON exposure and acute LPS challenge: effects on porcine liver morphology and function. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:207-218. [PMID: 28474303 PMCID: PMC5511606 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of chronic deoxynivalenol (DON) exposition on the liver morphology and function in combination with pre- and post-hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress in young pigs fed for 4 weeks with a DON-contaminated diet (4.59 mg/kg feed). At the end of the experiment, LPS (7.5 μg/kg BW) was administered for 1 h pre-hepatically (Vena portae hepatis) or post-hepatically (Vena jugularis). Liver morphology was macroscopically checked and showed haemorrhage in all LPS groups, significantly higher relative liver weights, accompanied by marked oedema in the gallbladder wall. Histological changes were judged by a modified histology activity index (HAI). Liver HAI score was significantly increased in all LPS groups compared to placebo, primarily due to neutrophil infiltration and haemorrhage. DON feed alone was without effect on the liver HAI. Liver function was characterized by (i) hepatic biochemical markers, (ii) mitochondrial respiration and (iii) Ca2+ accumulation capacity of isolated mitochondria. Clinical chemical parameters characterizing liver function were initially (<3 h) slightly influenced by LPS. After 3 h, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were increased significantly, in DON-fed, jugular-infused LPS group. Respiration and Ca2+ accumulation capacity of isolated liver mitochondria was not impaired by chronic DON exposure, acute LPS challenge or combined treatments. DON-contaminated feed did not change macroscopy and histology of the liver, but modified the function under LPS stress. The different function was not linked to modifications of liver mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Renner
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anikó Barta-Böszörményi
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schönfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Bannert E, Tesch T, Kluess J, Valenta H, Frahm J, Kersten S, Kahlert S, Renner L, Rothkötter HJ, Dänicke S. Plasma kinetics and matrix residues of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are altered in endotoxaemic pigs independent of LPS entry site. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:183-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Tesch T, Bannert E, Kluess J, Frahm J, Hüther L, Kersten S, Breves G, Renner L, Kahlert S, Rothkötter HJ, Dänicke S. Relationships between body temperatures and inflammation indicators under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in pigs exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide and dietary deoxynivalenol. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:241-251. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - E. Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - J. Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - J. Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - L. Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - S. Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
| | - G. Breves
- Institute for Physiology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - L. Renner
- Institute of Anatomy; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | - S. Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | - H.-J. Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | - S. Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Braunschweig Germany
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Tesch T, Bannert E, Kluess J, Frahm J, Kersten S, Breves G, Renner L, Kahlert S, Rothkötter HJ, Dänicke S. Does Dietary Deoxynivalenol Modulate the Acute Phase Reaction in Endotoxaemic Pigs?--Lessons from Clinical Signs, White Blood Cell Counts, and TNF-Alpha. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 8:toxins8010003. [PMID: 26703732 PMCID: PMC4728525 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the interaction between deoxynivalenol (DON)-feeding and a subsequent pre- and post-hepatic immune stimulus with the hypothesis that the liver differently mediates the acute phase reaction (APR) in pigs. Barrows (n = 44) were divided into a DON-(4.59 mg DON/kg feed) and a control-diet group, surgically equipped with permanent catheters pre- (V. portae hepatis) and post-hepatic (V. jugularis interna) and infused either with 0.9% NaCl or LPS (7.5 µg/kg BW). Thus, combination of diet (CON vs. DON) and infusion (CON vs. LPS, jugular vs. portal) created six groups: CON_CONjug.-CONpor., CON_CONjug.-LPSpor., CON_LPSjug.-CONpor., DON_CONjug.-CONpor., DON_CONjug.-LPSpor., DON_LPSjug.-CONpor.. Blood samples were taken at −30, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180 min relative to infusion and analyzed for leukocytes and TNF-alpha. Concurrently, clinical signs were scored and body temperature measured during the same period. LPS as such induced a dramatic rise in TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), hyperthermia (p < 0.01), and severe leukopenia (p < 0.001). In CON-fed pigs, an earlier return to physiological base levels was observed for the clinical complex, starting at 120 min post infusionem (p < 0.05) and persisting until 180 min. DON_LPSjug.-CONpor. resulted in a lower temperature rise (p = 0.08) compared to CON_LPSjug.-CONpor.. In conclusion, APR resulting from a post-hepatic immune stimulus was altered by chronic DON-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Erik Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lydia Renner
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann-Josef Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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