1
|
Chen S, Xu H, Pan T, Nie Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Xie Q, Chen W. A Comprehensive Analysis of the ceRNA Network and Hub Genes in Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Superinfection. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3449. [PMID: 39682415 DOI: 10.3390/ani14233449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of poultry production, viral superinfections pose significant challenges, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. Among these, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are particularly concerning as they frequently lead to superinfections in chicken, further exacerbating production losses and health complications. Our previous research delved into the pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effects of these superinfections through in vitro and in vivo analyses. Yet, the underlying key genes and pathways governing this phenomenon remained elusive. In this study, we randomly selected three chickens at 21 days post infection from each treatment group (ALV-J, IBDV, ALV-J+IBDV, and control group) to collect the bursa of Fabricius samples for full transcriptome analysis. Utilizing these data, we constructed a comprehensive circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network which elucidated both synergistic and specific activations during the superinfection. Notably, three pivotal genes (FILIP1L, DCX, and MYPN) were pinpointed in datasets reflecting synergistic activations. Conversely, four other genes (STAP, HKR6, XKR4, and TLR5) emerged in datasets associated with specific activations. Further exploration revealed diverse significant GO terms and pathways associated with both synergistic and distinct activation processes. These ceRNA network and core genes potentially wield substantial influence over the synergistic or specific activation of tumorigenesis and pathogenesis induced by ALV-J and IBDV. These findings could help develop targeted therapies and improve disease control in poultry, reducing economic losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingxi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou J, Zhou D, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Ding L, Wen J, Xu X, Cheng Z. DCLK1 mediated cooperative acceleration of EMT by avian leukosis virus subgroup J and Marek's disease virus via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes tumor metastasis. J Virol 2024; 98:e0111224. [PMID: 39445786 PMCID: PMC11575233 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with oncogenic retrovirus and herpesvirus significantly facilitates tumor metastasis in human and animals. Co-infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and Marek's disease virus (MDV), which are typical oncogenic retrovirus and herpesvirus, respectively, leads to enhanced oncogenicity and accelerated tumor formation, resulting in increased mortality of affected chickens. Previously, we found that ALV-J and MDV cooperatively promoted tumor metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) mediated cooperative acceleration of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by ALV-J and MDV promoted tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, DCLK1 induced EMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway by interacting with β-catenin, thereby cooperatively promoting tumor metastasis. Initially, we screened and found that DCLK1 was a potential mediator for the cooperative activation of EMT by ALV-J and MDV, and enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Subsequently, we revealed that DCLK1 physically interacted with β-catenin to promote the formation of the β-catenin-TCF4 complex, inducing transcription of the Wnt target gene, c-Myc, promoting EMT by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, and decreasing the expression of E-cadherin. Taken together, we discovered that jointly activated DCLK1 by ALV-J and MDV accelerated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and ultimately activated EMT, paving the way for tumor metastasis. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying cooperative metastasis induced by co-infection with retrovirus and herpesvirus. IMPORTANCE Tumor metastasis, a complex phenomenon in which tumor cells spread to new organs, is one of the greatest challenges in cancer research and is the leading cause of cancer-induced death. Numerous studies have shown that oncoviruses and their encoded proteins significantly affect metastasis, especially the EMT process. ALV-J and MDV are classic tumorigenic retrovirus and herpesvirus, respectively. We found that ALV-J and MDV synergistically promoted EMT. Further, we identified the tumor stem cell marker DCLK1 in ALV-J and MDV co-infected cells. DCLK1 directly interacted with β-catenin, promoting the formation of the β-catenin-TCF4 complex. This interaction activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby inducing EMT and paving the way for synergistic tumor metastasis. Exploring the molecular mechanisms by which ALV-J and MDV cooperate during EMT will contribute to our understanding of tumor progression and metastasis. This study provides new insights into the cooperative induced tumor metastasis by retroviruses and herpesviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Longying Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu H, Li W, Nie Y, Chen S, Li H, Zhang X, Xie Q, Chen W. Synergy of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus and Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Enhances the Pathogenicity in Chickens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:740. [PMID: 38674684 PMCID: PMC11052190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leukemia virus (ALV-J) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) are widely acknowledged as significant immunosuppressive pathogens that commonly co-infect chickens, causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, whether co-infection of ALV-J and CIAV have synergistic pathogenicity remains uncertain. To explore their synergistic pathogenesis, we established a co-infection model of ALV-J and CIAV in HD11 cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. We discovered that ALV-J and CIAV can synergistically promote the secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-γ and apoptosis in HD11 cells. In vivo, compared to the ALV-J and CIAV mono-infected group, the mortality increased significantly by 27% (20 to 47%) and 14% (33 to 47%) in the co-infected group, respectively. We also discovered that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically inhibited weight gain and exhibited more severe organ damage in co-infected chickens. Furthermore, we found that CIAV can promote the replication of ALV-J in HD11 cells and significantly enhance ALV-J viral load in blood and tissues of co-infected chickens, but ALV-J cannot promote the replication of CIAV. Moreover, by measuring the immune organ indexes and proportions of blood CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, more serious instances of immunosuppression were observed in ALV-J and CIAV co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically enhance pathogenicity and immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue J, Zhou D, Zhou J, Du X, Zhang X, Liu X, Ding L, Cheng Z. miR-155 facilitates the synergistic replication between avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis virus by targeting a dual pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0093723. [PMID: 37909729 PMCID: PMC10688374 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00937-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The synergy of two oncogenic retroviruses is an essential phenomenon in nature. The synergistic replication of ALV-J and REV in poultry flocks increases immunosuppression and pathogenicity, extends the tumor spectrum, and accelerates viral evolution, causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. However, the mechanism of synergistic replication between ALV-J and REV is still incompletely elusive. We observed that microRNA-155 targets a dual pathway, PRKCI-MAPK8 and TIMP3-MMP2, interacting with the U3 region of ALV-J and REV, enabling synergistic replication. This work gives us new targets to modulate ALV-J and REV's synergistic replication, guiding future research on the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Longying Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang M, Yang Q, Bi X, Shi H, Yang J, Cheng X, Yan T, Zhang H, Cheng Z. The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020515. [PMID: 36851729 PMCID: PMC9964263 DOI: 10.3390/v15020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention.
Collapse
|
6
|
Current Epidemiology and Co-Infections of Avian Immunosuppressive and Neoplastic Diseases in Chicken Flocks in Central China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122599. [PMID: 36560601 PMCID: PMC9784009 DOI: 10.3390/v14122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian immunosuppressive and neoplastic diseases caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), avian leucosis virus (ALV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are seriously harmful to the global poultry industry. In recent years, particularly in 2020-2022, outbreaks of such diseases in chicken flocks frequently occurred in China. Herein, we collected live diseased birds from 30 poultry farms, out of 42 farms with tumour-bearing chicken flocks distributed in central China, to investigate the current epidemiology and co-infections of these viruses. The results showed that in individual diseased birds, the positive infection rates of MDV, ALV, and REV were 69.5% (203/292), 14.4% (42/292), and 4.7% (13/277), respectively, while for the flocks, the positive infection rates were 96.7% (29/30), 36.7% (11/30), and 20% (6/30), respectively. For chicken flocks, monoinfection of MDV, ALV, or REV was 53.3% (16/30), 3.3% (1/30), and 0% (0/30), respectively, but a total of 43.3% (13/30) co-infections was observed, which includes 23.3% (7/30) of MDV+ALV, 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+REV, and 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+ALV+REV co-infections. Interestingly, no ALV+REV co-infection or REV monoinfection was observed in the selected poultry farms. Our data indicate that the prevalence of virulent MDV strains, partially accompanied with ALV and/or REV co-infections, is the main reason for current outbreaks of avian neoplastic diseases in central China, providing an important reference for the future control of disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Synergistic Immunosuppression of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Is Responsible for Enhanced Pathogenicity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102312. [PMID: 36298866 PMCID: PMC9608456 DOI: 10.3390/v14102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, superinfections of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have been frequently observed in nature, which has led to the increasing virulence in infected chickens. However, the reason for the enhanced pathogenicity has remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated an effective candidate model for studying the outcome of superinfections with ALV-J and IBDV in cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Through in vitro experiments, we found that ALV-J and IBDV can establish the superinfection models and synergistically promote the expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-γ in DF-1 and CEF cells. In vivo, the weight loss, survival rate, and histopathological observations showed that more severe pathogenicity was present in the superinfected chickens. In addition, we found that superinfections of ALV-J and IBDV synergistically increased the viral replication of the two viruses and inflammatory mediator secretions in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, by measuring the immune organ indexes and blood proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8α+ cells, our results showed that the more severe instances of immunosuppression were observed in the superinfected chickens. In the present study, we concluded that the more severe immunosuppression induced by the synergistic viral replication of ALV-J and IBDV is responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Du X, Zhou D, Zhou J, Xue J, Cheng Z. Marek's Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Coinfection Enhances Viral Replication and Alters Cellular Protein Profiles. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:854007. [PMID: 35392111 PMCID: PMC8981388 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.854007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) causes synergistic pathogenic effects and serious losses to the poultry industry. However, whether there is a synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and the roles of host factors in regulating MDV and REV coinfection remains elusive. In this study, we found that MDV and REV coinfection increased viral replication in coinfected cells as compared to a single infection in a limited period. Further, we explore the host cell responses to MDV and REV coinfection using tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared with MDV/REV-infected cells, 38 proteins increased (fold change > 1.2) and 60 decreased (fold change < 0.83) their abundance in MDV and REV coinfected cells. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were involved in important biological processes involved in the immune system process, cell adhesion and migration, cellular processes, and multicellular organismal systems. STRING analysis found that IRF7, MX1, TIMP3, and AKT1 may be associated with MDV and REV synergistic replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). Western blotting analysis showed that the selected DAPs were identical to the quantitative proteomics data. Taken together, we verified that MDV and REV can synergistically replicate in coinfected cells and revealed the host molecules involved in it. However, the synergistic pathogenesis of MDV and REV needs to be further studied.
Collapse
|
9
|
Interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup J surface protein and doublecortin-like kinase 1 accelerates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165721. [PMID: 35080427 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01657-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) induces myelocytomas, which can metastasize to multiple organs in diseased chicken. Although metastasis is the primary cause of death in such cases, the mechanism for it remains unclear. Here, we found that interaction between ALV-J surface protein (SU) and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT in infected cells. Subsequently, proteomics analysis revealed that DCLK1, a well-established putative tumor stem cell marker, which is highly expressed in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells and chickens, might be a potential factor mediating EMT. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, we verified that SU interacts with DCLK1. Functional studies suggested that overexpression of DCLK1 increased viral replication, and promoted cell proliferation by accelerating the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase of cell cycle, whereas RNA-interference of DCLK1 reduced viral replication and arrested cell proliferation by retarding cell cycle progression from the late G1 phase into the S phase in ALV-J-infected cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the increased accumulation of DCLK1 promotes EMT by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, transcription factor Snail1, and decreasing the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results suggest that ALV-J SU interacts with DCLK1, and accelerates cell proliferation, leading to increased viral replication, and ultimately activating EMT, which paves the way for tumor metastasis. IMPORTANCE Tumor metastasis is a major challenge in cancer research, because of its systemic nature and the resistance of disseminated tumor cells to existing therapeutic agents. It is estimated that >90% of mortality from cancer is attributable to metastases. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT, which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Subsequently, we identified a tumor stem cell marker, DCLK1, in ALV-J infected cells, which interacts with surface protein (SU) of ALV-J to promote virus replication, activate EMT, and accelerate cell proliferation enabling ALV-J to obtain metastatic ability. Understanding the process of participation of ALV-J in EMT and the route of metastasis will help elucidate the mechanism of virus-induced tumor metastasis, and help identify promising molecular targets and key obstacles for ALV-J control and clinical technology development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan X, Xu L, Sun X, Li H, Yan F, Han R, Li H, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Gut microbiota profiles of commercial laying hens infected with tumorigenic viruses. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:218. [PMID: 32600312 PMCID: PMC7324990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that some viral infections cause structural changes in the intestinal microflora, but little is known about the effects of tumorigenic viral infection on the intestinal microflora of chickens. RESULTS A 29-week commercial layer flock positive for avian leukosis virus-J (ALV-J), Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was selected, and fresh fecal samples were collected and examined for the composition of the gut microflora by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the fecal microbiota differentiated the chickens infected with only ALV-J and those coinfected with ALV-J and MDV or REV from infection-negative chickens. The enrichment and diversity of cloacal microflora in chickens infected with ALV-J alone were slightly different from those in the infection-negative chickens. However, the diversity of cloacal microflora was significantly increased in chickens coinfected with both ALV-J and MDV or REV. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiota was more strongly disturbed in chickens after coinfection with ALV-J and MDV or REV than after infection with ALV-J alone, and there may be underlying mechanisms by which the capacity for the stabilization of the intestinal flora was impaired due to viral infection and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of “Runliang” Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li T, Xie J, Liang G, Ren D, Sun S, Lv L, Xie Q, Shao H, Gao W, Qin A, Ye J. Co-infection of vvMDV with multiple subgroups of avian leukosis viruses in indigenous chicken flocks in China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:288. [PMID: 31409367 PMCID: PMC6691527 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, although the ALV eradication program and the MD vaccination strategy greatly reduce the disease burdens caused by the infection of ALV and MDV, the frequent emergence of novel ALV-K or vvMDV in the vaccinated chicken flock challenges the current control strategies for both diseases. RESULTS In Guangdong Province, an indigenous chicken flock was infected with neoplastic disease. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the tissues showed the typical characteristics of MDV and classical ALV infection. The PCR and sequencing data demonstrated that the identified MDV was clustered into a very virulent MDV strain endemic in domestic chickens in China. Moreover, subgroups ALV-A and ALV-K were efficiently recovered from two samples. The full genome sequence revealed that the ALV-K isolate was phylogenetically close to the ALV TW3593 isolate from Taiwan Province. CONCLUSIONS A co-infection of vvMDV with multiple ALV subgroups emerged in a chicken flock with neoplastic disease in Guangdong Province. The co-infection with different subgroups of ALV with vvMDV in one chicken flock poses the risk for the emergence of novel ALVs and heavily burdens the control strategy for MDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangcheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Ma K, Liu M, Yang C, Huang X, Zhao Y, Qi K. Histologic findings and viral antigen distribution in natural coinfection of layer hens with subgroup J avian leukosis virus, Marek's disease virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:761-765. [PMID: 31378167 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719868274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the histologic findings and viral antigen distribution in 3 cases of natural coinfection of layer hens with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), Marek's disease virus (MDV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in hens. At autopsy, diseased hens were found to have hepatosplenomegaly and thickened proventriculi, with white tumor nodules in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and ovary. Microscopically, most tissues had been infiltrated by neoplastic lymphocytes; the spleen, lung, proventriculus, heart, and liver had been infiltrated by both neoplastic lymphocytes and myeloblastic cells and/or primitive reticular cells. Fluorescence multiplex immunohistochemistry staining revealed ALV-J, MDV, and REV antigens co-expressed in the same tissue, even the same cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueting Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He S, Zheng G, Zhou D, Li G, Zhu M, Du X, Zhou J, Cheng Z. Clonal anergy of CD117 +chB6 + B cell progenitors induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J is associated with immunological tolerance. Retrovirology 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30602379 PMCID: PMC6317241 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immunological tolerance caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, the development, differentiation, and immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors infected with ALV-J were studied both morphologically and functionally by using a model of ALV-J congenital infection. Compared with posthatch infection, congenital infection of ALV-J resulted in severe immunological tolerance, which was identified as the absence of detectable specific antivirus antibodies. In congenitally infected chickens, immune organs, particularly the bursa of Fabricius, were poorly developed. Moreover, IgM-and IgG-positive cells and total immunoglobulin levels were significantly decreased in these chickens. Large numbers of bursa follicles with no differentiation into cortex and medulla indicated that B cell development was arrested at the early stage. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed that ALV-J blocked the differentiation of CD117+chB6+ B cell progenitors in the bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, both the humoral immunity and the immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors were significantly suppressed, as assessed by (a) the antibody titres against sheep red blood cells and the Marek's disease virus attenuated serotype 1 vaccine; (b) the proliferative response of B cells against thymus-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the spleen germinal centres; and (c) the capacities for proliferation, differentiation and immunoglobulin gene class-switch recombination of B cell progenitors in response to LPS and interleukin-4(IL-4) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the anergy of B cells in congenitally infected chickens is caused by the developmental arrest and dysfunction of B cell progenitors, which is an important factor for the immunological tolerance induced by ALV-J.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Gaoying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| |
Collapse
|