1
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Guizar P, Abdalla AL, Monette A, Davis K, Caballero RE, Niu M, Liu X, Ajibola O, Murooka TT, Liang C, Mouland AJ. An HIV-1 CRISPR-Cas9 membrane trafficking screen reveals a role for PICALM intersecting endolysosomes and immunity. iScience 2024; 27:110131. [PMID: 38957789 PMCID: PMC11217618 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks host proteins involved in membrane trafficking, endocytosis, and autophagy that are critical for virus replication. Molecular details are lacking but are essential to inform on the development of alternative antiviral strategies. Despite their potential as clinical targets, only a few membrane trafficking proteins have been functionally characterized in HIV-1 replication. To further elucidate roles in HIV-1 replication, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen on 140 membrane trafficking proteins. We identified phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) that influences not only infection dynamics but also CD4+ SupT1 biology. The knockout (KO) of PICALM inhibited viral entry. In CD4+ SupT1 T cells, KO cells exhibited defects in intracellular trafficking and increased abundance of intracellular Gag and significant alterations in autophagy, immune checkpoint PD-1 levels, and differentiation markers. Thus, PICALM modulates a variety of pathways that ultimately affect HIV-1 replication, underscoring the potential of PICALM as a future target to control HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guizar
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ana Luiza Abdalla
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kristin Davis
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ramon Edwin Caballero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Meijuan Niu
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xinyun Liu
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Murooka
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Polo-Megías D, Cano-Muñoz M, Berruezo AG, Laumond G, Moog C, Conejero-Lara F. Investigating vulnerability of the conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike's heptad repeat 2 as target for fusion inhibitors using chimeric miniproteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130132. [PMID: 38354919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion is a highly desired target to combat COVID-19. The interaction between the spike's heptad repeat (HR) regions 1 (HR1) and 2 (HR2) is a crucial step during the fusion process and these highly conserved HR regions constitute attractive targets for fusion inhibitors. However, the relative importance of each subregion of the long HR1-HR2 interface for viral inhibition remains unclear. Here, we designed, produced, and characterized a series of chimeric miniproteins that mimic two different half subdomains of HR1. The proteins were designed as single polypeptide chains that spontaneously fold into antiparallel trimeric helical bundles aimed at structurally imitate the molecular surface of each HR1 half subregion. All the miniproteins folded stably as helical structures and could bind complementary HR2 peptides with moderate affinity. However, only the miniproteins mimicking the N-terminal HR1 half subdomain, but not those imitating C-terminal one, could inhibit cell infection by SARS-COV-2 real viruses in cell cultures. Most interestingly, the inhibitory activity of the miniproteins correlated with their structural stability, but not with their relative binding affinity for HR2 peptides. These results are highly relevant for designing more focused and active fusion inhibitors targeting the highly conserved HR2 region of the Spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polo-Megías
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Cano-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto G Berruezo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Géraldine Laumond
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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3
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Sharma M, Marin M, Wu H, Prikryl D, Melikyan GB. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Preferentially Fuses with pH-Neutral Endocytic Vesicles in Cell Lines and Human Primary CD4+ T-Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17436-17450. [PMID: 37589658 PMCID: PMC10510587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, the principal sites of productive HIV-1 entry in different target cells─plasma membrane (PM) vs endosomes─remain controversial. To delineate the site(s) of HIV-1 fusion, we implemented a triple labeling approach that involves tagging pseudoviruses with the fluid-phase viral content marker, iCherry, the viral membrane marker, DiD, and the extraviral pH sensor, ecliptic pHluorin. The viral content marker iCherry is released into the cytoplasm upon virus-cell fusion irrespective of the sites of fusion. In contrast, the extent of dilution of the membrane marker upon fusion with the PM (loss of signal) vs the endosomal membrane (no change in punctate DiD appearance) discriminates between the principal sites of viral fusion. Additionally, ecliptic pHluorin incorporated into the viral membrane reports whether virus fusion occurs in acidic endosomes. Real-time single virus imaging in living HeLa-derived cells, a CD4+ T-cell line, and activated primary human CD4+ T-cells revealed a strong (80-90%) HIV-1 preference for fusion with endosomes. Intriguingly, we observed HIV-1 fusion only with pH-neutral intracellular vesicles and never with acidified endosomes. These endocytic fusion events are likely culminating in productive infection since endocytic inhibitors, such as EIPA, Pitstop2, and Dynasore, as well as a dominant-negative dynamin-2 mutant, inhibited HIV-1 infection in HeLa-derived and primary CD4+ T-cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of endocytosis in HeLa-derived cells promoted hemifusion at the PM but abrogated complete fusion. Collectively, these data reveal that the primary HIV-1 entry pathway in diverse cell types is through fusion with pH-neutral intracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - David Prikryl
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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4
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Carbone D, Manna D, Aalam F, Wang D, Vanier C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4588. [PMID: 37563144 PMCID: PMC10415338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nuclear entry, required for productive infection, is not fully understood. Here, we report that in HeLa cells and activated CD4+ T cells infected with HIV-1 pseudotyped with VSV-G and native Env protein, respectively, Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed HIV-1 promote the formation of nuclear envelope invaginations (NEIs) by a molecular mechanism involving the VOR complex, composed of the outer nuclear membrane protein VAP-A, hyperphosphorylated ORP3 and Rab7. Silencing VAP-A or ORP3 and drug-mediated impairment of Rab7 binding to ORP3-VAP-A inhibited the nuclear transfer of the HIV-1 components and productive infection. In HIV-1-resistant quiescent CD4+ T cells, ORP3 was not hyperphosphorylated and neither VOR complex nor NEIs were formed. This new cellular pathway and its molecular players are potential therapeutic targets, perhaps shared by other viruses that require nuclear entry to complete their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Santos
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Germana Rappa
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Manna
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feryal Aalam
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - David Wang
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Cheryl Vanier
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
- Imgen Research, LLC, 5495 South Rainbow #201, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA.
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5
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Nieto-Garai JA, Contreras FX, Arboleya A, Lorizate M. Role of Protein-Lipid Interactions in Viral Entry. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101264. [PMID: 35119227 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The viral entry consists of several sequential events that ensure the attachment of the virus to the host cell and the introduction of its genetic material for the continuation of the replication cycle. Both cellular and viral lipids have gained a wider focus in recent years in the field of viral entry, as they are found to play key roles in different steps of the process. The specific role is summarized that lipids and lipid membrane nanostructures play in viral attachment, fusion, and immune evasion and how they can be targeted with antiviral therapies. Finally, some of the limitations of techniques commonly used for protein-lipid interactions studies are discussed, and new emerging tools are reviewed that can be applied to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ander Nieto-Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xabier Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain.,Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Aroa Arboleya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain.,Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain.,Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, E-48940, Spain
| | - Maier Lorizate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain.,Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain
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6
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Wei Hou ZZ, Chen S. Updates on CRISPR-based gene editing in HIV-1/AIDS therapy. Virol Sin 2022; 37:1-10. [PMID: 35234622 PMCID: PMC8922418 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), although able to suppress HIV-1 replication, cannot eliminate the proviral DNA integrated into the human genome and thus requires lifelong treatment that may lead to various side effects. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) related gene-editing systems have been developed and designed as effective ways to treat HIV-1 infection. However, new gene-targeting tools derived from or functioning like CRISPR/Cas9, including base editor, prime editing, SHERLOCK, DETECTR, PAC-MAN, ABACAS, pfAGO, have been developed and optimized for pathogens detection and diseases correction. Here, we summarize recent studies on HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy and provide more gene-editing targets based on studies relating to the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 infection. We also identify the strategies and potential applications of these new gene-editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment in the future. Moreover, we discuss the caveats and problems that should be addressed before the clinical use of these versatile CRISPR-based gene targeting tools. Finally, we offer alternative solutions to improve the practice of gene targeting in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy. New gene-targeting tools derived from CRISPR/Cas9 have been introduced. Recent researches in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy have been summarized. The strategies and potential applications of new gene editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment have been provided. The caveats and challenges in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy have been discussed.
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7
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Makvandi P, Chen M, Sartorius R, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Ma J, Mattoli V, Tay FR. Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking. NANO TODAY 2021; 40:101279. [PMID: 34518771 PMCID: PMC8425779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (e.g. coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or intentionally. Understanding the interactions of cell membranes with these abiotic and biotic nanostructures will facilitate scientists to design better functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Such knowledge will also provide important clues for the control of viral infections and the treatment of virus-induced infectious diseases. In the present review, the mechanisms of endocytosis are reviewed in the context of how nanomaterials are uptaken into cells. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the attributes of man-made nanomaterials (e.g. size, shape, surface functional groups and elasticity) that affect endocytosis, as well as the different human cell types that participate in the endocytosis of nanomaterials. Readers are then introduced to the concept of viruses as nature-derived nanoparticles. The mechanisms in which different classes of viruses interact with various cell types to gain entry into the human body are reviewed with examples published over the last five years. These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design advanced drug delivery and gene transfer nanoplatforms that harness the knowledge acquired from endocytosis to improve their biomedical efficacy. The review winds up with a discussion on the hurdles to be addressed in mimicking the natural mechanisms of endocytosis in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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8
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The late endosome-resident lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate is a cofactor for Lassa virus fusion. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009488. [PMID: 34492091 PMCID: PMC8448326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenavirus entry into host cells occurs through a low pH-dependent fusion with late endosomes that is mediated by the viral glycoprotein complex (GPC). The mechanisms of GPC-mediated membrane fusion and of virus targeting to late endosomes are not well understood. To gain insights into arenavirus fusion, we examined cell-cell fusion induced by the Old World Lassa virus (LASV) GPC complex. LASV GPC-mediated cell fusion is more efficient and occurs at higher pH with target cells expressing human LAMP1 compared to cells lacking this cognate receptor. However, human LAMP1 is not absolutely required for cell-cell fusion or LASV entry. We found that GPC-induced fusion progresses through the same lipid intermediates as fusion mediated by other viral glycoproteins–a lipid curvature-sensitive intermediate upstream of hemifusion and a hemifusion intermediate downstream of acid-dependent steps that can be arrested in the cold. Importantly, GPC-mediated fusion and LASV pseudovirus entry are specifically augmented by an anionic lipid, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), which is highly enriched in late endosomes. This lipid also specifically promotes cell fusion mediated by Junin virus GPC, an unrelated New World arenavirus. We show that BMP promotes late steps of LASV fusion downstream of hemifusion–the formation and enlargement of fusion pores. The BMP-dependence of post-hemifusion stages of arenavirus fusion suggests that these viruses evolved to use this lipid as a cofactor to selectively fuse with late endosomes. Pathogenic arenaviruses pose a serious health threat. The viral envelope glycoprotein GPC mediates attachment to host cells and drives virus entry via endocytosis and low pH-dependent fusion within late endosomes. Understanding the host factors and processes that are essential for arenavirus fusion may identify novel therapeutic targets. To delineate the mechanism of arenavirus entry, we examined cell-cell fusion induced by the Old World Lassa virus GPC proteins at low pH. Lassa GPC-mediated fusion was augmented by the human LAMP1 receptor and progressed through lipid curvature-sensitive intermediates, such as hemifusion (merger of contacting leaflets of viral and cell membrane without the formation of a fusion pore). We found that most GPC-mediated fusion events were off-path hemifusion structures and that the transition from hemifusion to full fusion and fusion pore enlargement were specifically promoted by an anionic lipid, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, which is highly enriched in late endosomes. This lipid also specifically promotes fusion of unrelated New World Junin arenavirus. Our results imply that arenaviruses evolved to use bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate to enter cells from late endosomes.
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9
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Ruiz-Rivera MB, Gómez-Icazbalceta G, Lamoyi E, Huerta L. Host membrane proteins in the HIV-induced membrane fusion: Role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of autoantibodies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:241-248. [PMID: 34481334 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Host proteins such as receptors, adhesion and signaling molecules, promote virus-cell fusion, virus cell-cell transmission, and formation of multinucleated cells with outstanding properties. These events are implicated in virus dissemination and the induction of pathological effects such as the infection of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, placenta infection, and neurological complications. Antibodies directed to the host membrane proteins are produced during the natural HIV infection and may contribute significantly to virus inhibition. Antibodies against the HIV receptor have been approved for therapy and others targeting additional host membrane proteins are currently under evaluation. This review emphasizes the relevance of the different pathways of HIV spreading between cells and of antibodies directed to host membrane components in the development of broad-range therapeutics against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna B Ruiz-Rivera
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Edmundo Lamoyi
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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10
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HIV-1 entry: Duels between Env and host antiviral transmembrane proteins on the surface of virus particles. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 50:59-68. [PMID: 34390925 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. Its entry step is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (Env). During the entry process, Env vastly changes its conformation. While non-liganded Env tends to have a closed structure, receptor-binding of Env opens its conformation, which leads to virus-cell membrane fusion. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging allows observation of these conformational changes on the virion surface. Nascent HIV-1 particles incorporate multiple host transmembrane proteins, some of which inhibit the entry process. The Env structure or its dynamics may determine the effectiveness of these antiviral mechanisms. Here, we review recent findings about the Env conformation changes on virus particles and inhibition of Env activities by virion-incorporated host transmembrane proteins.
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11
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Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Tamiz N, Mostashari-Rad T, Najafipour A, Claes S, Schols D, Fassihi A. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of 2- Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Derivatives against Gp41. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:47-60. [PMID: 32885756 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200903172127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gp41 and its conserved hydrophobic groove on the N-terminal heptad repeat region are attractive targets in the design of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Linearly extended molecules have shown potent anti-HIV-1 activity for their effective interactions with the gp41 binding pocket. Rhodanine ring attached to substituted pyrrole or furan rings has been proved a preferred moiety to be inserted inside the molecular structure of the gp41 inhibitors. OBJECTIVES Based on the previous findings we are going to describe some rhodanine derivatives in which a substituted imidazole ring is introduced in place of the pyrrole or furan rings. The compounds' flexibility is increased by inserting methylene groups inside the main scaffold. METHODS Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations approaches were exploited to investigate the chemical interactions and the stability of the designed ligands-gp41 complex. All compounds were synthesized and their chemical structures were elucidated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR and Mass spectroscopy. Biological activities of the compounds against HIV-1 and HIV-2 and their cellular toxicities against the T-lymphocyte (MT-4) cell line were determined. RESULTS All the designed compounds showed proper and stable chemical interactions with gp41 according to the in silico studies. The results of the biological tests proved none of the compounds active against HIV-1 replication in cell cultures. CONCLUSION Since all the studied compounds were potently toxic for the host cell; it was therefore not possible to assess their anti-HIV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tamiz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mostashari-Rad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aylar Najafipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sandra Claes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Concise review on optimized methods in production and transduction of lentiviral vectors in order to facilitate immunotherapy and gene therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110276. [PMID: 32502836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have provided an efficient way to integrate our gene of interest into eukaryote cells. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived LVs have been vastly studied to become an invaluable asset in gene delivery. This abled LVs to be used in both research laboratories and gene therapy. Pseudotyping HIV-1 based LVs, abled it to transduce different types of cells, especially hematopoietic stem cells. A wide range of tropism, plus to the ability to integrate genes into target cells, made LVs an armamentarium in gene therapy. The third and fourth generations of self-inactivating LVs are being used to achieve safe gene therapy. Not only advanced methods enabled the clinical-grade LV production on a large scale, but also considerably heightened transduction efficiency. One of which is microfluidic systems that revolutionized gene delivery approaches. Since gene therapy using LVs attracted lots of attention to itself, we provided a brief review of LV structure and life-cycle along with methods for improving both LV production and transduction. Also, we mentioned some of their utilization in immunotherapy and gene therapy.
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