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Stroud JT, Delory BM, Barnes EM, Chase JM, De Meester L, Dieskau J, Grainger TN, Halliday FW, Kardol P, Knight TM, Ladouceur E, Little CJ, Roscher C, Sarneel JM, Temperton VM, van Steijn TLH, Werner CM, Wood CW, Fukami T. Priority effects transcend scales and disciplines in biology. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:677-688. [PMID: 38508922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Although primarily studied through the lens of community ecology, phenomena consistent with priority effects appear to be widespread across many different scenarios spanning a broad range of spatial, temporal, and biological scales. However, communication between these research fields is inconsistent and has resulted in a fragmented co-citation landscape, likely due to the diversity of terms used to refer to priority effects across these fields. We review these related terms, and the biological contexts in which they are used, to facilitate greater cross-disciplinary cohesion in research on priority effects. In breaking down these semantic barriers, we aim to provide a framework to better understand the conditions and mechanisms of priority effects, and their consequences across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stroud
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - B M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Barnes
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - L De Meester
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Dieskau
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Germany
| | - T N Grainger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F W Halliday
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - P Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - T M Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C J Little
- School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - J M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - V M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - T L H van Steijn
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - C M Werner
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Sustainability, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
| | - C W Wood
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Fukami
- Departments of Biology and Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Xu XJ, Sun XJ, Liu CJ, Chen XZ, Zhu Q, Tian YP, Li XD. Development of an attenuated potato virus Y mutant carrying multiple mutations in helper-component protease for cross-protection. Virus Res 2024; 344:199369. [PMID: 38608732 PMCID: PMC11035042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the major cash crops in China. Potato virus Y (PVY), a representative member of the genus Potyvirus, greatly reduces the quality and yield of tobacco leaves by inducing veinal necrosis. Mild strain-mediated cross-protection is an attractive method of controlling diseases caused by PVY. Currently, there is a lack of effective and stable attenuated PVY mutants. Potyviral helper component-protease (HC-Pro) is a likely target for the development of mild strains. Our previous studies showed that the residues lysine at positions 124 and 182 (K124 and K182) in HC-Pro were involved in PVY virulence, and the conserved KITC motif in HC-Pro was involved in aphid transmission. In this study, to improve the stability of PVY mild strains, K at position 50 (K50) in KITC motif, K124, and K182 were separately substituted with glutamic acid (E), leucine (L), and arginine (R), resulting in a triple-mutant PVY-HCELR. The mutant PVY-HCELR had attenuated virulence and did not induce leaf veinal necrosis symptoms in tobacco plants and could not be transmitted by Myzus persicae. Furthermore, PVY-HCELR mutant was genetically stable after six serial passages, and only caused mild mosaic symptoms in tobacco plants even at 90 days post inoculation. The tobacco plants cross-protected by PVY-HCELR mutant showed high resistance to the wild-type PVY. This study showed that PVY-HCELR mutant was a promising mild mutant for cross-protection to control PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China; Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu-Jie Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Ju Liu
- Weifang Tobacco Corporation, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xiu-Zhai Chen
- Linyi Tobacco Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Miller SA, Testen AL, Jacobs JM, Ivey MLL. Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:917-929. [PMID: 38170665 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0393-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops are important sources of nutrition and income globally. Producing these high-value crops requires significant investment of often scarce resources, and, therefore, the risks associated with climate change and accompanying disease pressures are especially important. Climate change influences the occurrence and pressure of plant diseases, enabling new pathogens to emerge and old enemies to reemerge. Specific environmental changes attributed to climate change, particularly temperature fluctuations and intense rainfall events, greatly alter fruit and vegetable disease incidence and severity. In turn, fruit and vegetable microbiomes, and subsequently overall plant health, are also affected by climate change. Changing disease pressures cause growers and researchers to reassess disease management and climate change adaptation strategies. Approaches such as climate smart integrated pest management, smart sprayer technology, protected culture cultivation, advanced diagnostics, and new soilborne disease management strategies are providing new tools for specialty crops growers. Researchers and educators need to work closely with growers to establish fruit and vegetable production systems that are resilient and responsive to changing climates. This review explores the effects of climate change on specialty food crops, pathogens, insect vectors, and pathosystems, as well as adaptations needed to ensure optimal plant health and environmental and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Anna L Testen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jonathan M Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Wang GD, Lin CC, Chen TC. Development of Attenuated Viruses for Effective Protection against Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus in Tomato Crops. Viruses 2024; 16:687. [PMID: 38793569 PMCID: PMC11125906 DOI: 10.3390/v16050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the most important vegetable and fruit crop in the family Solanaceae worldwide. Numerous pests and pathogens, especially viruses, severely affect tomato production, causing immeasurable market losses. In Taiwan, the cultivation of tomato crops is mainly threatened by insect-borne viruses, among which pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) is one of the most prevalent. PVMV is a member of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae and is non-persistently transmitted by aphids. Its infection significantly reduces tomato fruit yield and quality. So far, no PVMV-resistant tomato lines are available. In this study, we performed nitrite-induced mutagenesis of the PVMV tomato isolate Tn to generate attenuated PVMV mutants. PVMV Tn causes necrotic lesions in Chenopodium quinoa leaves and severe mosaic and wilting in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. After nitrite treatment, three attenuated PVMV mutants, m4-8, m10-1, and m10-11, were selected while inducing milder responses to C. quinoa and N. benthamiana with lower accumulation in tomato plants. In greenhouse tests, the three mutants showed different degrees of cross-protection against wild-type PVMV Tn. m4-8 showed the highest protective efficacy against PVMV Tn in N. benthamiana and tomato plants, 100% and 97.9%, respectively. A whole-genome sequence comparison of PVMV Tn and m4-8 revealed that 20 nucleotide substitutions occurred in the m4-8 genome, resulting in 18 amino acid changes. Our results suggest that m4-8 has excellent potential to protect tomato crops from PVMV. The application of m4-8 in protecting other Solanaceae crops, such as peppers, will be studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; (G.-D.W.); (C.-C.L.)
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Tomitaka Y, Shimomoto Y, Ryang BS, Hayashi K, Oki T, Matsuyama M, Sekine KT. Development and Application of Attenuated Plant Viruses as Biological Control Agents in Japan. Viruses 2024; 16:517. [PMID: 38675860 PMCID: PMC11054975 DOI: 10.3390/v16040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1929, it was reported that yellowing symptoms caused by a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) yellow mosaic isolate were suppressed in tobacco plants that were systemically infected with a TMV light green isolate. Similar to vaccination, the phenomenon of cross-protection involves a whole plant being infected with an attenuated virus and involves the same or a closely related virus species. Therefore, attenuated viruses function as biological control agents. In Japan, many studies have been performed on cross-protection. For example, the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)-L11A strain is an attenuated isolate developed by researchers and shows high control efficiency against wild-type ToMV in commercial tomato crops. Recently, an attenuated isolate of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)-2002 was developed and registered as a biological pesticide to control cucumber mosaic disease. In addition, attenuated isolates of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) have been developed in Japan. These attenuated viruses, sometimes called plant vaccines, can be used not only as single vaccines but also as multiple vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of studies on attenuated plant viruses developed in Japan. We also discuss the application of the attenuated strains, including the production of vaccinated seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8666, Japan;
| | - Yoshifumi Shimomoto
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Bo-Song Ryang
- Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., 16 Nijushi, Makishima, Uji 611-0041, Japan;
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoka Oki
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Momoko Matsuyama
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8666, Japan;
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nakagashiragun, Nishihara 611-0041, Japan;
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Chooi KM, Bell VA, Blouin AG, Sandanayaka M, Gough R, Chhagan A, MacDiarmid RM. The New Zealand perspective of an ecosystem biology response to grapevine leafroll disease. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:213-272. [PMID: 38461030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a major pathogen of grapevines worldwide resulting in grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), reduced fruit yield, berry quality and vineyard profitability. Being graft transmissible, GLRaV-3 is also transmitted between grapevines by multiple hemipteran insects (mealybugs and soft scale insects). Over the past 20 years, New Zealand has developed and utilized integrated pest management (IPM) solutions that have slowly transitioned to an ecosystem-based biological response to GLD. These IPM solutions and combinations are based on a wealth of research within the temperate climates of New Zealand's nation-wide grape production. To provide context, the grapevine viruses present in the national vineyard estate and how these have been identified are described; the most pathogenic and destructive of these is GLRaV-3. We provide an overview of research on GLRaV-3 genotypes and biology within grapevines and describe the progressive development of GLRaV-3/GLD diagnostics based on molecular, serological, visual, and sensor-based technologies. Research on the ecology and control of the mealybugs Pseudococcus calceolariae and P. longispinus, the main insect vectors of GLRaV-3 in New Zealand, is described together with the implications of mealybug biological control agents and prospects to enhance their abundance and/or fitness in the vineyard. Virus transmission by mealybugs is described, with emphasis on understanding the interactions between GLRaV-3, vectors, and plants (grapevines, alternative hosts, or non-hosts of the virus). Disease management through grapevine removal and the economic influence of different removal strategies is detailed. Overall, the review summarizes research by an interdisciplinary team working in close association with the national industry body, New Zealand Winegrowers. Teamwork and communication across the whole industry has enabled implementation of research for the management of GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughn A Bell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North, New Zealand.
| | | | | | - Rebecca Gough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Asha Chhagan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Licciardello G, Scuderi G, Russo M, Bazzano M, Bar-Joseph M, Catara AF. Minor Variants of Orf1a, p33, and p23 Genes of VT Strain Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates Show Symptomless Reactions on Sour Orange and Prevent Superinfection of Severe VT Isolates. Viruses 2023; 15:2037. [PMID: 37896814 PMCID: PMC10612028 DOI: 10.3390/v15102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of tristeza quick decline (QD) of citrus is based on the use of rootstocks that are tolerant or resistant to the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), but some of them show bio-agronomic limits. The application of cross-protection (CP) has been insufficiently explored. The present study examined the possibility of QD control by cross-protection (CP) following reports showing the dependence of the CP strategy on the close genetic relationships between the protective and challenging CTV isolates. Taking advantage of deep sequencing technologies, we located six naturally infected trees harboring no-seedling yellow (no-SY) and no QD decline (mild) VT isolates and used these for challenge inoculation with three QD VT isolates. Symptom monitoring showed that all six Sicilian mild no-SY isolates, based on their genomic relatedness and mild symptoms reactions, provide effective protection against the three severe local VT isolates. The differences between the six mild and three severe isolates were confined to just a few nucleotide variations conserved in eight positions of three CTV genes (p23, p33, and Orf1a). These results confirm that the superinfection exclusion (SIE mechanism) depends on close genetic relatedness between the protective and challenging severe VT strain isolates. Ten years of investigation suggest that CP could turn into an efficient strategy to contain CTV QD infections of sweet orange trees on SO rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Licciardello
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scuderi
- Agrobiotech Soc. Coop. z.i. Blocco Palma I, Stradale Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcella Russo
- Agrobiotech Soc. Coop. z.i. Blocco Palma I, Stradale Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bazzano
- Agrobiotech Soc. Coop. z.i. Blocco Palma I, Stradale Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Moshe Bar-Joseph
- The S. Tolkowsky Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| | - Antonino F. Catara
- Formerly, Department of Phytosanitary Science and Technologies, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Liu S, Su C, Zhang D, Song Z, Wang X, Wang J, Yuan X. Construction of a Delivery Platform for Vaccine Based on Modified Nanotubes: Sustainable Prevention against Plant Viral Disease, Simplified Preparation Method, and Protection of Plasmid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44541-44553. [PMID: 37672476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant viral diseases through cross-protection conferred by an attenuated vaccine is an important strategy for plant protection. However, the mutated site of an attenuated vaccine may not be stably inherited, while viruses have evolved efficient repair mechanisms for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here, the wide host range and broad selection of mutation sites in cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) enabled construction of an attenuated vaccine through insertional mutation of the CMV 2b protein. CMV-R2E was stably inherited in tobacco for more than 10 generations and had a high relative control efficacy of CMV. Then, the use of polyetherimide (PEI)-modified functionalized carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (PSWNTs) was investigated for vaccine delivery to address the problems of poor stability, complex procedure on field application, and exacting storage conditions with Agrobacterium inoculation. After co-incubating at a 1:300 ratio for 30 min, the vaccine and PSWNTs combined to form pCMV-R2E@PSWNTs, which resulted in a significant increase in the average height of the nanoparticles from 6.56 to 72.34 nm. The relative control efficacy of pCMV-R2E@PSWNTs to CMV was found to be 90.37%. Furthermore, the protective effect of PSWNTs on plasmids was investigated under various environmental conditions and the potential plant toxicity of pCMV-R2E@PSWNTs was assessed, providing a theoretical basis for field application of the vaccine nano-delivery system. A highly effective, stable viral vaccine for plants was thus developed and combined with nanocarriers to address the problems of field application. This approach has the potential to enable wider use of attenuated vaccines for sustainable prevention against plant viral disease in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Su
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Deping Zhang
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Song
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, P. R. China
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Salem NM, Jewehan A, Aranda MA, Fox A. Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Pandemic. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:137-164. [PMID: 37268006 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus. It was first reported in 2015 in Jordan in greenhouse tomatoes and now threatens tomato and pepper crops around the world. ToBRFV is a stable and highly infectious virus that is easily transmitted by mechanical means and via seeds, which enables it to spread locally and over long distances. The ability of ToBRFV to infect tomato plants harboring the commonly deployed Tm resistance genes, as well as pepper plants harboring the L resistance alleles under certain conditions, limits the ability to prevent damage from the virus. The fruit production and quality of ToBRFV-infected tomato and pepper plants can be drastically affected, thus significantly impacting their market value. Herein, we review the current information and discuss the latest areas of research on this virus, which include its discovery and distribution, epidemiology, detection, and prevention and control measures, that could help mitigate the ToBRFV disease pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida' M Salem
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Jewehan
- Applied Plant Genomics Group, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Fox
- Fera Science, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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10
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Goh R, Xie X, Lin Y, Cheng H, Raja JAJ, Yeh S. Rapid selection of potyviral cross-protection effective mutants from the local lesion host after nitrous acid mutagenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:973-988. [PMID: 37158451 PMCID: PMC10346369 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) seriously damages cucurbits worldwide. Control of ZYMV by cross-protection has been practised for decades, but selecting useful mild viruses is time-consuming and laborious. Most attenuated potyviruses used for cross-protection do not induce hypersensitive reaction (HR) in Chenopodium quinoa, a local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. Here, severe ZYMV TW-TN3 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), designated ZG, was used for nitrous acid mutagenesis. From three trials, 11 mutants were identified from fluorescent spots without HR in inoculated C. quinoa leaves. Five mutants caused attenuated symptoms in squash plants. The genomic sequences of these five mutants revealed that most of the nonsynonymous changes were located in the HC-Pro gene. The replacement of individual mutated HC-Pros in the ZG backbone and an RNA silencing suppression (RSS) assay indicated that each mutated HC-Pro is defective in RSS function and responsible for reduced virulence. Four mutants provided high degrees of protection (84%-100%) against severe virus TW-TN3 in zucchini squash plants, with ZG 4-10 being selected for removal of the GFP tag. After removal of the GFP gene, Z 4-10 induced symptoms similar to ZG 4-10 and still provided 100% protection against TW-TN3 in squash, thus is considered not a genetically engineered mutant. Therefore, using a GFP reporter to select non-HR mutants of ZYMV from C. quinoa leaves is an efficient way to obtain beneficial mild viruses for cross-protection. This novel approach is being applied to other potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reun‐Ping Goh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xing‐Yun Xie
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Chi Lin
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hao‐Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shyi‐Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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11
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Do DH, Nguyen TBN, Ha VC, Raja JAJ, Yeh SD. Generation of Attenuated Passiflora Mottle Virus Through Modification of the Helper Component Protease for Cross Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1605-1614. [PMID: 37019906 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0007-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora mottle virus (PaMoV), an aphid-borne potyvirus, is the primary causal virus of devastating passionfruit woodiness disease in Vietnam. Here we generated a nonpathogenic, attenuated PaMoV strain for disease control by cross protection. A full-length genomic cDNA of PaMoV strain DN4 from Vietnam was constructed to generate an infectious clone. The green fluorescent protein was tagged at the N-terminal region of the coat protein gene to monitor in planta the severe PaMoV-DN4. Two amino acids within the conserved motifs of helper component protease (HC-Pro) of PaMoV-DN4 were mutated individually or in combination as K53E or/and R181I. Mutants PaMoV-E53 and PaMoV-I181 induced local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa plants, while PaMoV-E53I181 caused infection without apparent symptoms. In passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) plants, PaMoV-E53 elicited severe leaf mosaic and PaMoV-I181 induced leaf mottling, while PaMoV-E53I181 caused transient mottling followed by symptomless recovery. PaMoV-E53I181 was stable after six serial passages in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) plants. Its temporal accumulation levels were lower than those of the wild type, with a zigzag accumulation pattern, typical of a beneficial protective virus. An RNA silencing suppression (RSS) assay revealed that all three mutated HC-Pros are defective in RSS. Triplicated cross-protection experiments with a total of 45 plants showed that the attenuated mutant PaMoV-E53I181 provided a high protection rate (91%) against the homologous wild-type virus in passionfruit plants. This work revealed that PaMoV-E53I181 can be used as a protective virus to control PaMoV by cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Hung Do
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Plant Pathology Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Joseph A J Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Overseas Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Tran TNB, Cheng HW, Xie XY, Raja JAJ, Yeh SD. Concurrent Control of Two Aphid-Borne Potyviruses in Cucurbits by Two-in-One Vaccine. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1583-1594. [PMID: 36935377 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0019-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of attenuated viruses has been widely practiced for protecting crops from infection by related severe strains of the same species. Papaya ringspot virus W-type (PRSV W) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) devastate cucurbits worldwide. However, the prevailing of these two viruses in cucurbits cannot be prevented by a single protective virus. In this study, we disclosed that co-infection of horn melon plants by two mild strains, PRSV P-type (PRSV P) HA5-1 and ZYMV-ZAC (a previously developed mild mutant of ZYMV) confers concurrent protection against PRSV P and ZYMV. Consequently, mild mutants of PRSV W were created by site-directed mutagenesis through modifications of the pathogenicity motifs FRNK and PD in helper component-protease (HC-Pro). A stable PRSV W mutant WAC (PRSV-WAC) with R181I and D397N mutations in HC-Pro was generated, inducing mild mottling, followed by symptomless recovery in cucurbits. Horn melon plants pre-infected by PRSV-WAC and ZYMV-ZAC showed no apparent interference on viral accumulation with no synergistic effects on symptoms. An agroinfiltration assay of mixed HC-Pros of WACHC-Pro + ZACHC-Pro revealed no additive effect of RNA silencing suppression. PRSV-WAC or ZYMV-ZAC alone only antagonized a severe strain of homologous virus, while co-infection with these two mild strains provided complete protection against both PRSV W and ZYMV. Similar results were reproduced in muskmelon and watermelon plants, indicating the feasibility of a two-in-one vaccine for concurrent control of PRSV W and ZYMV in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Ngoc-Bich Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University-Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xing-Yun Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joseph A J Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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13
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Nunna H, Qu F, Tatineni S. P3 and NIa-Pro of Turnip Mosaic Virus Are Independent Elicitors of Superinfection Exclusion. Viruses 2023; 15:1459. [PMID: 37515147 PMCID: PMC10383533 DOI: 10.3390/v15071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is an antagonistic interaction between identical or closely related viruses in host cells. Previous studies by us and others led to the hypothesis that SIE was elicited by one or more proteins encoded in the genomes of primary viruses. Here, we tested this hypothesis using Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae, with significant economic consequences. To this end, individual TuMV-encoded proteins were transiently expressed in the cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, followed by challenging them with a modified TuMV expressing the green fluorescent protein (TuMV-GFP). Three days after TuMV-GFP delivery, these cells were examined for the replication-dependent expression of GFP. Cells expressing TuMV P1, HC-Pro, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIb, or CP proteins permitted an efficient expression of GFP, suggesting that these proteins failed to block the replication of a superinfecting TuMV-GFP. By contrast, N. benthamiana cells expressing TuMV P3 or NIa-Pro did not express visible GFP fluorescence, suggesting that both of them could elicit potent SIE against TuMV-GFP. The SIE elicitor activity of P3 and NIa-Pro was further confirmed by their heterologous expression from a different potyvirus, potato virus A (PVA). Plants systemically infected with PVA variants expressing TuMV P3 or NIa-Pro blocked subsequent infection by TuMV-GFP. A +1-frameshift mutation in P3 and NIa-Pro cistrons facilitated superinfection by TuMV-GFP, suggesting that the P3 and NIa-Pro proteins, but not the RNA, are involved in SIE activity. Additionally, deletion mutagenesis identified P3 amino acids 3 to 200 of 352 and NIa-Pro amino acids 3 to 40 and 181 to 242 of 242 as essential for SIE elicitation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that TuMV encodes two spatially separated proteins that act independently to exert SIE on superinfecting TuMV. These results lay the foundation for further mechanistic interrogations of SIE in this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Nunna
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Tatineni
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
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14
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Chang HH, Gustian D, Chang CJ, Jan FJ. Virus-virus interactions alter the mechanical transmissibility and host range of begomoviruses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092998. [PMID: 37332697 PMCID: PMC10275492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Begomoviruses are mainly transmitted by whiteflies. However, a few begomoviruses can be transmitted mechanically. Mechanical transmissibility affects begomoviral distribution in the field. Materials and methods In this study, two mechanically transmissible begomoviruses, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-oriental melon isolate (ToLCNDV-OM) and tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), and two nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses, ToLCNDV-cucumber isolate (ToLCNDV-CB) and tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTV), were used to study the effects of virus-virus interactions on mechanical transmissibility. Results Nicotiana benthamiana and host plants were coinoculated through mechanical transmission with inoculants derived from plants that were mix-infected or inoculants derived from individually infected plants, and the inoculants were mixed immediately before inoculation. Our results showed that ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with ToLCNDV-OM to N. benthamiana, cucumber, and oriental melon, whereas ToLCTV was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to N. benthamiana and tomato. For crossing host range inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to N. benthamiana and its nonhost tomato, while ToLCTV with ToLCNDV-OM was transmitted to N. benthamiana and its nonhost oriental melon. For sequential inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB and ToLCTV were mechanically transmitted to N. benthamiana plants that were either preinfected with ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV. The results of fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses showed that the nuclear shuttle protein of ToLCNDV-CB (CBNSP) and the coat protein of ToLCTV (TWCP) localized alone to the nucleus. When coexpressed with movement proteins of ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV, CBNSP and TWCP relocalized to both the nucleus and the cellular periphery and interacted with movement proteins. Discussion Our findings indicated that virus-virus interactions in mixed infection circumstances could complement the mechanical transmissibility of nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses and alter their host range. These findings provide new insight into complex virus-virus interactions and will help us to understand the begomoviral distribution and to reevaluate disease management strategies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Deri Gustian
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jan Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Fuh-Jyh Jan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Tarquini G, Dall'Ara M, Ermacora P, Ratti C. Traditional Approaches and Emerging Biotechnologies in Grapevine Virology. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040826. [PMID: 37112807 PMCID: PMC10142720 DOI: 10.3390/v15040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes and global warming may promote the emergence of unknown viruses, whose spread is favored by the trade in plant products. Viruses represent a major threat to viticulture and the wine industry. Their management is challenging and mostly relies on prophylactic measures that are intended to prevent the introduction of viruses into vineyards. Besides the use of virus-free planting material, the employment of agrochemicals is a major strategy to prevent the spread of insect vectors in vineyards. According to the goal of the European Green Deal, a 50% decrease in the use of agrochemicals is expected before 2030. Thus, the development of alternative strategies that allow the sustainable control of viral diseases in vineyards is strongly needed. Here, we present a set of innovative biotechnological tools that have been developed to induce virus resistance in plants. From transgenesis to the still-debated genome editing technologies and RNAi-based strategies, this review discusses numerous illustrative studies that highlight the effectiveness of these promising tools for the management of viral infections in grapevine. Finally, the development of viral vectors from grapevine viruses is described, revealing their positive and unconventional roles, from targets to tools, in emerging biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia Dall'Ara
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Ratti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Shakir S, Zaidi SSEA, Hashemi FSG, Nyirakanani C, Vanderschuren H. Harnessing plant viruses in the metagenomics era: from the development of infectious clones to applications. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:297-311. [PMID: 36379846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies which focused on virus characterization in the entire plant environment have revealed a remarkable viral diversity in plants. The exponential discovery of viruses also requires the concomitant implementation of high-throughput methods to perform their functional characterization. Despite several limitations, the development of viral infectious clones remains a method of choice to understand virus biology, their role in the phytobiome, and plant resilience. Here, we review the latest approaches for efficient characterization of plant viruses and technical advances built on high-throughput sequencing and synthetic biology to streamline assembly of viral infectious clones. We then discuss the applications of plant viral vectors in fundamental and applied plant research as well as their technical and regulatory limitations, and we propose strategies for their safer field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakir
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Syed Shan-E-Ali Zaidi
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chantal Nyirakanani
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium; Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Biosystems Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Tran TTY, Cheng HW, Nguyen VH, Yeh SD. Modification of the Helper Component Proteinase of Papaya Ringspot Virus Vietnam Isolate to Generate Attenuated Mutants for Disease Management by Cross Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:334-344. [PMID: 36129763 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) production is seriously limited by papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) worldwide, including in Vietnam. Control of PRSV by cross protection is dependent on the availability of effective mild strains. Here, an infectious cDNA clone was constructed from PRSV isolate TG5 from South Vietnam. Site-directed mutagenesis with point mutations on the essential motifs of the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) was performed, with or without deleting five amino acids (d5) from its N-terminal region. Mutants TG-d5, TG-d5I7, and TG-d5L206 containing d5, d5 + F7I, and d5 + F206L, respectively, induced mild mottling followed by symptomless recovery on papaya and infected Chenopodium quinoa without lesion formation. Each mutant accumulated in papaya at reduced levels with a zigzag pattern and was stable beyond six monthly passages. The cross-protection effectiveness of the three mutants in papaya against TG5 was investigated, each with 60 plants from three independent trials. The results showed that each mutant provided complete protection (100%) against TG5, 1 month after the challenge inoculation, as verified by the lack of severe symptoms and lack of local lesions in C. quinoa. Further tests revealed that TG-d5I7 also confers high levels of protection against other severe PRSV isolates from South Vietnam, including isolates DN (97%) and ST2 (50%). However, TG-d5I7 is ineffective or less effective (0 to 33%) against seven other severe PRSV strains from different geographic origins, including the isolate HN from North Vietnam. Our results indicate that the protection by the three mutants is highly strain-specific and suitable for the control of PRSV in South Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Yen Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Hoa Nguyen
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Nishiguchi M, Ali ME, Kaya T, Kobayashi K. Plant virus disease control by vaccination and transgenic approaches: Current status and perspective. PLANT RNA VIRUSES 2023:373-424. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95339-9.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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19
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Manjunatha L, Rajashekara H, Uppala LS, Ambika DS, Patil B, Shankarappa KS, Nath VS, Kavitha TR, Mishra AK. Mechanisms of Microbial Plant Protection and Control of Plant Viruses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3449. [PMID: 36559558 PMCID: PMC9785281 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant viral diseases are major constraints causing significant yield losses worldwide in agricultural and horticultural crops. The commonly used methods cannot eliminate viral load in infected plants. Many unconventional methods are presently being employed to prevent viral infection; however, every time, these methods are not found promising. As a result, it is critical to identify the most promising and sustainable management strategies for economically important plant viral diseases. The genetic makeup of 90 percent of viral diseases constitutes a single-stranded RNA; the most promising way for management of any RNA viruses is through use ribonucleases. The scope of involving beneficial microbial organisms in the integrated management of viral diseases is of the utmost importance and is highly imperative. This review highlights the importance of prokaryotic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria/endophytic bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungal organisms, as well as their possible mechanisms for suppressing viral infection in plants via cross-protection, ISR, and the accumulation of defensive enzymes, phenolic compounds, lipopeptides, protease, and RNase activity against plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmaiah Manjunatha
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - Hosahatti Rajashekara
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research (DCR), Dakshina Kannada 574202, Karnataka, India
| | - Leela Saisree Uppala
- Cranberry Station, East Wareham, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 02538, USA
| | - Dasannanamalige Siddesh Ambika
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences (Bagalkot), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Balanagouda Patil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577255, Karnataka, India
| | - Kodegandlu Subbanna Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences (Bagalkot), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Tiptur Rooplanaik Kavitha
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Kubina J, Hily JM, Mustin P, Komar V, Garcia S, Martin IR, Poulicard N, Velt A, Bonnet V, Mercier L, Lemaire O, Vigne E. Characterization of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Isolates in ‘Chardonnay’ Vines Exhibiting Severe and Mild Symptoms in Two Vineyards. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102303. [PMID: 36298857 PMCID: PMC9609649 DOI: 10.3390/v14102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanleaf degeneration is a complex viral disease of Vitis spp. that detrimentally impacts fruit yield and reduces the productive lifespan of most vineyards worldwide. In France, its main causal agent is grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). In the past, field experiments were conducted to explore cross-protection as a management strategy of fanleaf degeneration, but results were unsatisfactory because the mild virus strain negatively impacted fruit yield. In order to select new mild GFLV isolates, we examined two old ‘Chardonnay’ parcels harbouring vines with distinct phenotypes. Symptoms and agronomic performances were monitored over the four-year study on 21 individual vines that were classified into three categories: asymptomatic GFLV-free vines, GFLV-infected vines severely diseased and GFLV-infected vines displaying mild symptoms. The complete coding genomic sequences of GFLV isolates in infected vines was determined by high-throughput sequencing. Most grapevines were infected with multiple genetically divergent variants. While no specific molecular features were apparent for GFLV isolates from vines displaying mild symptoms, a genetic differentiation of GFLV populations depending on the vineyard parcel was observed. The mild symptomatic grapevines identified during this study were established in a greenhouse to recover GFLV variants of potential interest for cross-protection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kubina
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Jean-Michel Hily
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
- IFV, 30240 Le Grau-Du-Roi, France
| | - Pierre Mustin
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Komar
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Shahinez Garcia
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Nils Poulicard
- PHIM, Université Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, Cirad, SupAgro, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Velt
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Bonnet
- Maison Moët & Chandon, 20 Avenue de Champagne, 51200 Épernay, France
| | - Laurence Mercier
- Maison Moët & Chandon, 20 Avenue de Champagne, 51200 Épernay, France
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vigne
- INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
- Correspondence:
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21
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Voloudakis AE, Kaldis A, Patil BL. RNA-Based Vaccination of Plants for Control of Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:521-548. [PMID: 36173698 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-073708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause nearly half of the emerging plant diseases worldwide, contributing to 10-15% of crop yield losses. Control of plant viral diseases is mainly accomplished by extensive chemical applications targeting the vectors (i.e., insects, nematodes, fungi) transmitting these viruses. However, these chemicals have a significant negative effect on human health and the environment. RNA interference is an endogenous, cellular, sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism in eukaryotes induced by double-stranded RNA molecules that has been exploited as an antiviral strategy through transgenesis. Because genetically modified crop plants are not accepted for cultivation in several countries globally, there is an urgent demand for alternative strategies. This has boosted research on exogenous application of the RNA-based biopesticides that are shown to exhibit significant protective effect against viral infections. Such environment-friendly and efficacious antiviral agents for crop protection will contribute to global food security, without adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Kaldis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece;
| | - Basavaprabhu L Patil
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka State, India
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22
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Rodamilans B, Oliveros JC, San León D, Martínez-García PJ, Martínez-Gómez P, García JA, Rubio M. sRNA Analysis Evidenced the Involvement of Different Plant Viruses in the Activation of RNA Silencing-Related Genes and the Defensive Response Against Plum pox virus of 'GF305' Peach Grafted with 'Garrigues' Almond. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2012-2021. [PMID: 35302895 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes sharka disease in Prunus trees. Peach (P. persica) trees are severely affected by PPV, and no definitive source of genetic resistance has been identified. However, previous results showed that PPV-resistant 'Garrigues' almond (P. dulcis) was able to transfer its resistance to 'GF305' peach through grafting, reducing symptoms and viral load in PPV-infected plants. A recent study tried to identify genes responsible for this effect by studying messenger RNA expression through RNA sequencing in peach and almond plants, before and after grafting and before and after PPV infection. In this work, we used the same peach and almond samples but focused the high-throughput analyses on small RNA (sRNA) expression. We studied massive sequencing data and found an interesting pattern of sRNA overexpression linked to antiviral defense genes that suggested activation of these genes followed by downregulation to basal levels. We also discovered that 'Garrigues' almond plants were infected by different plant viruses that were transferred to peach plants. The large amounts of viral sRNA found in grafted peaches indicated a strong RNA silencing antiviral response and led us to postulate that these plant viruses could be collaborating in the observed "Garrigues effect."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Oliveros
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David San León
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan A García
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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23
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Zhang S, Griffiths JS, Marchand G, Bernards MA, Wang A. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: An emerging and rapidly spreading plant RNA virus that threatens tomato production worldwide. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1262-1277. [PMID: 35598295 PMCID: PMC9366064 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV-resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management-based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long-term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for pathogen control. TAXONOMY Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. GENOME AND VIRION The ToBRFV genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod-shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Zhang
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan S. Griffiths
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaVinelandOntarioCanada
| | - Geneviève Marchand
- Harrow Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaHarrowOntarioCanada
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of BiologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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Wagemans J, Holtappels D, Vainio E, Rabiey M, Marzachì C, Herrero S, Ravanbakhsh M, Tebbe CC, Ogliastro M, Ayllón MA, Turina M. Going Viral: Virus-Based Biological Control Agents for Plant Protection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:21-42. [PMID: 35300520 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The most economically important biotic stresses in crop production are caused by fungi, oomycetes, insects, viruses, and bacteria. Often chemical control is still the most commonly used method to manage them. However, the development of resistance in the different pathogens/pests, the putative damage on the natural ecosystem, the toxic residues in the field, and, thus, the contamination of the environment have stimulated the search for saferalternatives such as the use of biological control agents (BCAs). Among BCAs, viruses, a major driver for controlling host populations and evolution, are somewhat underused, mostly because of regulatory hurdles that make the cost of registration of such host-specific BCAs not affordable in comparison with the limited potential market. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of virus-based BCAs against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects, with a specific focus on new approaches that rely on not only the direct biocidal virus component but also the complex ecological interactions between viruses and their hosts that do not necessarily result in direct damage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eeva Vainio
- Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mojgan Rabiey
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy;
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Christoph C Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Turina
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy;
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25
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To Be Seen or Not to Be Seen: Latent Infection by Tobamoviruses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162166. [PMID: 36015469 PMCID: PMC9415976 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobamoviruses are among the most well-studied plant viruses and yet there is still a lot to uncover about them. On one side of the spectrum, there are damage-causing members of this genus: such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), on the other side, there are members which cause latent infection in host plants. New technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing (HTS), have enabled us to discover viruses from asymptomatic plants, viruses in mixed infections where the disease etiology cannot be attributed to a single entity and more and more researchers a looking at non-crop plants to identify alternative virus reservoirs, leading to new virus discoveries. However, the diversity of these interactions in the virosphere and the involvement of multiple viruses in a single host is still relatively unclear. For such host–virus interactions in wild plants, symptoms are not always linked with the virus titer. In this review, we refer to latent infection as asymptomatic infection where plants do not suffer despite systemic infection. Molecular mechanisms related to latent behavior of tobamoviruses are unknown. We will review different studies which support different theories behind latency.
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26
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Xu L, Zhang W, Gao Y, Meng F, Nie X, Bai Y. Potato Virus Y Strain N-Wi Offers Cross-Protection in Potato Against Strain NTN-NW by Superior Competition. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1566-1572. [PMID: 35072502 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2539-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important pathogens of potato. PVY exhibits different phenotypes in dissimilar potato cultivars. Previously, we observed that two recombinant isolates, PVYN-Wi-HLJ-BDH-2 (BDH) and PVYNTN-NW(SYR-II)-INM-W-369-12 (369), exhibited different virulence levels in potato cultivar Kexin 13 despite high genome sequence identity. Indeed, 369 induced severe necrosis and plant death in severe cases in Kexin 13 and severe mosaic in cultivar Yanshu 8, whereas BDH caused mainly mosaic symptoms on the plants of both cultivars. We hypothesized that preinfection of plants with BDH could cross-protect them from 369 infection, and not vice versa. Challenge inoculation, either by mechanical wounding or through grafting, with 369 on plants that were preinfected with BDH did not augment the symptom expression in both cultivars. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that, after challenge inoculation with 369, the titer of the isolate on BDH-preinfected plants remained at a low level (about 3 × 104 copy/µl) during the tested time course (0 h to 30 days). In contrast, in plants that were preinoculated with buffer (mock) and challenge inoculated with 369, the titer of 369 increased continuously until reaching its highest level of about 2 × 107 (Yanshu 8) and about 4 × 108 (Kexin 13) during the time course. Surprisingly, in plants that were preinfected with 369 and challenge inoculated with BDH, the accumulation of BDH reached nearly the same level as that in plants that were preinoculated with buffer and challenge inoculated with BDH. Taken together, these results suggest that PVYN-Wi mediated cross-protection against PVYNTN-NW(SYR-II) by superior competition and better fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianzhou Nie
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 0E2, Canada
| | - Yanju Bai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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27
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Tran TTY, Lin TT, Chang CP, Chen CH, Nguyen VH, Yeh SD. Generation of Mild Recombinants of Papaya Ringspot Virus to Minimize the Problem of Strain-Specific Cross-Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:708-719. [PMID: 34384243 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0272-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) causes severe damage to papaya (Carica papaya L.) and is the primary limiting factor for papaya production worldwide. A nitrous acid-induced mild strain, PRSV HA 5-1, derived from Hawaii strain HA, has been applied to control PRSV by cross-protection for decades. However, the problem of strain-specific protection hampers its application in Taiwan and other geographic regions outside Hawaii. Here, sequence comparison of the genomic sequence of HA 5-1 with that of HA revealed 69 nucleotide changes, resulting in 31 aa changes, of which 16 aa are structurally different. The multiple mutations of HA 5-1 are considered to result from nitrous acid induction because 86% of nucleotide changes are transition mutations. The stable HA 5-1 was used as a backbone to generate recombinants carrying individual 3' fragments of Vietnam severe strain TG5, including NIa, NIb, and CP3' regions, individually or in combination. Our results indicated that the best heterologous fragment for the recombinant is the region of CP3', with which symptom attenuation of the recombinant is like that of HA 5-1. This mild recombinant HA51/TG5-CP3' retained high levels of protection against the homologous HA in papaya plants and significantly increased the protection against the heterologous TG-5. Similarly, HA 5-1 recombinants carrying individual CP3' fragments from Thailand SMK, Taiwan YK, and Vietnam ST2 severe strains also significantly increase protection against the corresponding heterologous strains in papaya plants. Thus, our recombinant approach for mild strain generation is a fast and effective way to minimize the problem of strain-specific protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Yen Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, TienGiang, Vietnam
| | - Tzu-Tung Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ping Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Hoa Nguyen
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, TienGiang, Vietnam
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Major Biological Control Strategies for Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020273. [PMID: 35215215 PMCID: PMC8879208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance is incessantly required in the current scenario. In view of this, sustainable modes of agricultural practices offer better promise and hence are gaining prominence recently. Moreover, these methods have taken precedence currently over chemical-based methods of pest restriction and pathogen control. Adoption of Biological Control is one such crucial technique that is currently in the forefront. Over a period of time, various biocontrol strategies have been experimented with and some have exhibited great success and promise. This review highlights the different methods of plant-pathogen control, types of plant pathogens, their modus operandi and various biocontrol approaches employing a range of microorganisms and their byproducts. The study lays emphasis on the use of upcoming methodologies like microbiome management and engineering, phage cocktails, genetically modified biocontrol agents and microbial volatilome as available strategies to sustainable agricultural practices. More importantly, a critical analysis of the various methods enumerated in the paper indicates the need to amalgamate these techniques in order to improve the degree of biocontrol offered by them.
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29
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Oberemok V, Laikova K, Golovkin I, Kryukov L, Kamenetsky-Goldstein R. Biotechnology of virus eradication and plant vaccination in phytobiome context. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:3-8. [PMID: 34569131 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A plant's associated biota plays an integral role in its metabolism, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, pathogen resistance and other physiological processes. Although a virome is an integral part of the phytobiome, a major contradiction exists between the holobiont approach and the practical need to eradicate pathogens from agricultural crops. In this review, we discuss grapevine virus control, but the issue is also relevant for numerous other crops, including potato, cassava, citrus, cacao and other species. Grapevine diseases, especially viral infections, cause main crop losses. Methods have been developed to eliminate viruses and other microorganisms from plant material, but elimination of viruses from plant material does not guarantee protection from future reinfection. Elimination of viral particles in plant material could create genetic drift, leading in turn to an increase in the occurrence of pathogenic strains of viruses. A possible solution may be a combination of virus elimination and plant propagation in tissue culture with in vitro vaccination. In this context, possible strategies to control viral infections include application of plant resistance inducers, cross protection and vaccination using siRNA, dsRNA and viral replicons during plant 'cleaning' and in vitro propagation. The experience and knowledge accumulated in human immunization can help plant scientists to develop and employ new methods of protection, leading to more sustainable and healthier crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oberemok
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - K Laikova
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Simferopol, Russia
| | - I Golovkin
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - L Kryukov
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia
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30
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Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario. Adv Virus Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Xu XJ, Zhu Q, Jiang SY, Yan ZY, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. Development and Evaluation of Stable Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Mild Mutants for Cross-Protection Against Infection by Severe Strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788963. [PMID: 34975975 PMCID: PMC8718998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus) induces maize dwarf mosaic disease that has caused serious yield losses of maize in China. Cross-protection is one of the efficient strategies to fight against severe virus strains. Although many mild strains have been identified, the spontaneous mutation is one of the challenging problems affecting their application in cross-protection. In this study, we found that the substitution of cysteine (C) at positions 57 or 60 in the zinc finger-like motif of HC-Pro with alanine (A; C57A or C60A) significantly reduced its RNA silencing suppression activity and SCMV virulence. To reduce the risk of mild strains mutating to virulent ones by reverse or complementary mutations, we obtained attenuated SCMV mutants with double-mutations in the zinc finger-like and FRNK motifs of HC-Pro and evaluated their potential application in cross-protection. The results showed that the maize plants infected with FKNK/C60A double-mutant showed symptomless until 95 days post-inoculation and FKNK/C60A cross-protected plants displayed high resistance to severe SCMV strain. This study provides theoretical and material bases for the control of SCMV through cross-protection.
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32
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Wang Y, Shen W, Dai Z, Gou B, Liu H, Hu W, Qin L, Li Z, Tuo D, Cui H. Biological and Molecular Characterization of Two Closely Related Arepaviruses and Their Antagonistic Interaction in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755156. [PMID: 34733264 PMCID: PMC8558625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group characterized two closely related viruses from Areca catechu, areca palm necrotic ringspot virus (ANRSV) and areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV). These two viruses share a distinct genomic organization of leader proteases and represent the only two species of the newly established genus Arepavirus of the family Potyviridae. The biological features of the two viruses are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the pathological properties, functional compatibility of viral elements, and interspecies interactions in the model plant, Nicotiana benthamiana. Using a newly obtained infectious clone of ANRSV, we showed that this virus induces more severe symptoms compared with ANSSV and that this is related to a rapid virus multiplication in planta. A series of hybrid viruses were constructed via the substitution of multiple elements in the ANRSV infectious clone with the counterparts of ANSSV. The replacement of either 5′-UTR-HCPro1–HCPro2 or CI effectively supported replication and systemic infection of ANRSV, whereas individual substitution of P3-7K, 9K-NIa, and NIb-CP-3′-UTR abolished viral infectivity. Finally, we demonstrated that ANRSV confers effective exclusion of ANSSV both in coinfection and super-infection assays. These results advance our understanding of fundamental aspects of these two distinct but closely related arepaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiyao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zengping Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Decai Tuo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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33
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Rivarez MPS, Vučurović A, Mehle N, Ravnikar M, Kutnjak D. Global Advances in Tomato Virome Research: Current Status and the Impact of High-Throughput Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671925. [PMID: 34093492 PMCID: PMC8175903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses cause a big fraction of economically important diseases in major crops, including tomato. In the past decade (2011–2020), many emerging or re-emerging tomato-infecting viruses were reported worldwide. In this period, 45 novel viral species were identified in tomato, 14 of which were discovered using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). In this review, we first discuss the role of HTS in these discoveries and its general impact on tomato virome research. We observed that the rate of tomato virus discovery is accelerating in the past few years due to the use of HTS. However, the extent of the post-discovery characterization of viruses is lagging behind and is greater for economically devastating viruses, such as the recently emerged tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Moreover, many known viruses still cause significant economic damages to tomato production. The review of databases and literature revealed at least 312 virus, satellite virus, or viroid species (in 22 families and 39 genera) associated with tomato, which is likely the highest number recorded for any plant. Among those, here, we summarize the current knowledge on the biology, global distribution, and epidemiology of the most important species. Increasing knowledge on tomato virome and employment of HTS to also study viromes of surrounding wild plants and environmental samples are bringing new insights into the understanding of epidemiology and ecology of tomato-infecting viruses and can, in the future, facilitate virus disease forecasting and prevention of virus disease outbreaks in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Paul Selda Rivarez
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Vučurović
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Mehle
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,School for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pais da Cunha AT, Chiumenti M, Ladeira LC, Abou Kubaa R, Loconsole G, Pantaleo V, Minafra A. High throughput sequencing from Angolan citrus accessions discloses the presence of emerging CTV strains. Virol J 2021; 18:62. [PMID: 33757535 PMCID: PMC7988965 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus industry is worldwide dramatically affected by outbreaks of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Controls should be applied to nurseries, which could act as diversity hotspots for CTV. Early detection and characterization of dangerous or emerging strains of this virus greatly help to prevent outbreaks of disease. This is particularly relevant in those growing regions where no dedicated certification programs are currently in use. METHODS Double-stranded RNA extracted from Citrus spp. samples, collected in two locations in Angola, were pooled and submitted to a random-primed RNA-seq. This technique was performed to acquire a higher amount of data in the survey, before the amplification and sequencing of genes from single plants. To confirm the CTV infection in individual plants, as suggested by RNA-seq information from the pooled samples, the analysis was integrated with multiple molecular marker amplification (MMM) for the main known CTV strains (T30, T36, VT and T3). RESULTS From the analysis of HTS data, several assembled contigs were identified as CTV and classified according to their similarity to the established strains. By the MMM amplification, only five individual accessions out of the eleven pooled samples, resulted to be infected by CTV. Amplified coat protein genes from the five positive sources were cloned and sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis, while a near-complete CTV genome was also reconstructed by the fusion of three overlapping contigs. CONCLUSION Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF1b and CP genes, retrieved by de novo assembly and RT-PCR, respectively, revealed the presence of a wide array of CTV strains in the surveyed citrus-growing spots in Angola. Importantly, molecular variants among those identified from HTS showed high similarity with known severe strains as well as to recently described and emerging strains in other citrus-growing regions, such as S1 (California) or New Clade (Uruguay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderito Tomàs Pais da Cunha
- Instituto Superior Politécnico do Kuanza Sul (ISPKS), Rua 12 de Novembro, Sumbe, Angola
- Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica (CNIC), 201 Ho Chi Min Avenue, CP 34, Luanda, Angola
| | - Michela Chiumenti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raied Abou Kubaa
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Loconsole
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Vitantonio Pantaleo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
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Identification of an Emaravirus in a Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) Conservation Seed Orchard in Germany: Implications for Oak Health. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We observed the health status of oak trees in a conservation seed orchard for over twenty years, focusing on characteristic virus-suspected symptoms. The orchard was established in 1992 in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) with 1302 seedlings in 186 clusters. The number of seedlings showing chlorotic ringspots and mottle on leaves has fluctuated annually, but has increased from 3.3% to 12.1% in the last 20 years; the number of affected clusters has risen from 8% to 25.9%. A scientific breakthrough was the identification of a novel virus related to members of the genus Emaravirus in diseased oak by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Screening of the oak seedlings in three consecutive years, using a newly established virus-specific diagnostic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirmed the virus infection and revealed a close to 100% association between the observed leaf symptoms and the novel virus. As no other plant virus could be identified in the HTS-datasets, we assume the novel virus is primarily causing the symptoms. To reliably detect the novel virus in oaks, RT-PCR targeting the viral RNA3 or RNA4 should be applied in routine testing of symptomatic leaf tissue. It was obvious that most groups with virus-infected plants cluster, with only five out of the 42 affected groups being offside, not bordering on other affected groups of plants. There was no clear correlation between the detection of the virus and the overall vitality of the seedlings. There was no relation between seedling performance and presence or absence of viral infection. Forecasts on the future growth behavior of these virus-infected oak trees are therefore not possible.
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Xu XJ, Li HG, Cheng DJ, Liu LZ, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. A Spontaneous Complementary Mutation Restores the RNA Silencing Suppression Activity of HC-Pro and the Virulence of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1279. [PMID: 32973838 PMCID: PMC7472499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross-protection is a promising measure to control plant viral diseases. Reverse genetics had been recently adopted to generate attenuated mutants that have potential in cross-protection. But studies on the variability of the progeny viruses of the attenuated mutants are scarce. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is the prevalent virus inducing maize dwarf mosaic disease in China. Here, we showed that the substitution of arginine with isoleucine in the FRNK motif at position 184 of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) abolished its RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity, drastically reduced the virulence and accumulation level of SCMV, and impaired the synergism between SCMV and maize chlorotic mottle virus. The attenuated mutant could protect maize plants from a severe infection of SCMV. However, a spontaneous mutation of glycine at position 440 to arginine in HC-Pro rescued the virulence and synergism with maize chlorotic mottle virus of SCMV and the RSS activity of HC-Pro. Similar results were obtained with tobacco vein banding mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus. These results provide novel evidence for the complementary mutation of potyviruses in maintaining the HC-Pro RSS activity and potyviral virulence and remind us of evaluating the potential risk of attenuated mutants thoroughly before applying for the control of plant viral diseases via cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Huan-Gai Li
- Protein Science Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Jie Cheng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Hančinský R, Mihálik D, Mrkvová M, Candresse T, Glasa M. Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050667. [PMID: 32466094 PMCID: PMC7284659 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses infecting crop species are causing long-lasting economic losses and are endangering food security worldwide. Ongoing events, such as climate change, changes in agricultural practices, globalization of markets or changes in plant virus vector populations, are affecting plant virus life cycles. Because farmer’s fields are part of the larger environment, the role of wild plant species in plant virus life cycles can provide information about underlying processes during virus transmission and spread. This review focuses on the Solanaceae family, which contains thousands of species growing all around the world, including crop species, wild flora and model plants for genetic research. In a first part, we analyze various viruses infecting Solanaceae plants across the agro-ecological interface, emphasizing the important role of virus interactions between the cultivated and wild zones as global changes affect these environments on both local and global scales. To cope with these changes, it is necessary to adjust prophylactic protection measures and diagnostic methods. As illustrated in the second part, a complex virus research at the landscape level is necessary to obtain relevant data, which could be overwhelming. Based on evidence from previous studies we conclude that Solanaceae plant communities can be targeted to address complete life cycles of viruses with different life strategies within the agro-ecological interface. Data obtained from such research could then be used to improve plant protection methods by taking into consideration environmental factors that are impacting the life cycles of plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hančinský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniel Mihálik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Mrkvová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Thierry Candresse
- INRAE, University Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-5930-2447
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Alcaide C, Rabadán MP, Moreno-Pérez MG, Gómez P. Implications of mixed viral infections on plant disease ecology and evolution. Adv Virus Res 2020; 106:145-169. [PMID: 32327147 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mixed viral infections occur more commonly than would be expected by chance in nature. Virus-virus interactions may affect viral traits and leave a genetic signature in the population, and thus influence the prevalence and emergence of viral diseases. Understanding about how the interactions between viruses within a host shape the evolutionary dynamics of the viral populations is needed for viral disease prevention and management. Here, we first synthesize concepts implied in the occurrence of virus-virus interactions. Second, we consider the role of the within-host interactions of virus-virus and virus-other pathogenic microbes, on the composition and structure of viral populations. Third, we contemplate whether mixed viral infections can create opportunities for the generation and maintenance of viral genetic diversity. Fourth, we attempt to summarize the evolutionary response of viral populations to mixed infections to understand how they shape the spatio-temporal dynamics of viral populations at the individual plant and field scales. Finally, we anticipate the future research under the reconciliation of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary ecology, drawing attention to the need of adding more complexity to future research in order to gain a better understanding about the mechanisms operating in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcaide
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Rabadán
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel G Moreno-Pérez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain.
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Cheng DJ, Tian YP, Geng C, Guo Y, Jia MA, Li XD. Development and application of a full-length infectious clone of potato virus Y isolate belonging to SYR-I strain. Virus Res 2020; 276:197827. [PMID: 31785306 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) causes huge damage to potato and tobacco production worldwide. The complete genome sequence of GZ, a PVY isolate (strain SYR-I) from Guizhou province, China, was cloned into the binary vector pCambia0390. Three introns were individually inserted into the P3 and CI ORFs to produce plasmid pCamPVY-GZ. The plasmid could infect plants of Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum via agroinfiltration and plants of pepper and potato by mechanical inoculation. The green fluorescence protein gene of Aequoria victoriae was cloned into the encoding regions between nuclear inclusion body 'b' and coat protein genes in pCamPVY-GZ to produce pCamPVY-GZ-GFP, which could infect plants of N. benthamiana, N. tabacum, potato and tomato, and produce green fluorescence in the systemic leaves of inoculated plants. Mutations were introduced to pCamPVY-GZ to make the lysine (K) 391 and glutamic acid (E)410 of helper component-proteinase to arginine (R) and asparagic acid (E), respectively. Unlike wild type PVY-GZ, the mutant PVY-K391R/E410D could not induce veinal necrosis in N. tabacum plants. With an interval of 14 days, mutant PVY-K391R/E410D could protect N. tabacum plants from the infection of severe PVY strain. The results presented here provide a promising alternate for the prevention of diseases caused by PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Meng-Ao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Tuo D, Zhou P, Zhao G, Yan P, Tan D, Li X, Shen W. A Double Mutation in the Conserved Motifs of the Helper Component Protease of Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus for the Generation of a Cross-Protective Attenuated Strain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:187-193. [PMID: 31516080 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-19-0328-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potyviral helper component protease (HC-Pro), as a major determinant of symptom expression in susceptible plants, is a likely target candidate in the production of attenuated strains for cross-protection. In this study, single or double mutations of Lys (K) to Glu (E) in the Lys-Ile-Thr-Cys motif and Arg (R) to Ile (I) in the Phe-Arg-Asn-Lys motif of the HC-Pro from the severe papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus strain DF (PLDMV-DF) reduced symptom expression and virus accumulation in infected papaya (Carica papaya) plants. The papaya plants infected with the attenuated double mutant of PLDMV-EI presented as symptomless. PLDMV-EI provided effective protection against PLDMV-DF infection in three papaya cultivars and had no effect on plant growth and development. Our result showed that PLDMV-EI is a promising mild strain for the practical use of cross-protection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Dong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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Tatineni S, Stewart LR, Sanfaçon H, Wang X, Navas-Castillo J, Hajimorad MR. Fundamental Aspects of Plant Viruses-An Overview on Focus Issue Articles. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:6-9. [PMID: 31910089 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-19-0404-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of and rapid research progress in plant virology in recent years, this Focus Issue broadly emphasizes advances in fundamental aspects of virus infection cycles and epidemiology. This Focus Issue comprises three review articles and 18 research articles. The research articles cover broad research areas on the identification of novel viruses, the development of detection methods, reverse genetics systems and functional genomics for plant viruses, vector and seed transmission studies, viral population studies, virus-virus interactions and their effect on vector transmission, and management strategies of viral diseases. The three review articles discuss recent developments in application of prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR/Cas) technology for plant virus resistance, mixed viral infections and their role in disease synergism and cross-protection, and viral transmission by whiteflies. The following briefly summarizes the articles appearing in this Focus Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A
| | - Lucy R Stewart
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, U.S.A
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Reza Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
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Rubio L, Galipienso L, Ferriol I. Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1092. [PMID: 32765569 PMCID: PMC7380168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause considerable economic losses and are a threat for sustainable agriculture. The frequent emergence of new viral diseases is mainly due to international trade, climate change, and the ability of viruses for rapid evolution. Disease control is based on two strategies: i) immunization (genetic resistance obtained by plant breeding, plant transformation, cross-protection, or others), and ii) prophylaxis to restrain virus dispersion (using quarantine, certification, removal of infected plants, control of natural vectors, or other procedures). Disease management relies strongly on a fast and accurate identification of the causal agent. For known viruses, diagnosis consists in assigning a virus infecting a plant sample to a group of viruses sharing common characteristics, which is usually referred to as species. However, the specificity of diagnosis can also reach higher taxonomic levels, as genus or family, or lower levels, as strain or variant. Diagnostic procedures must be optimized for accuracy by detecting the maximum number of members within the group (sensitivity as the true positive rate) and distinguishing them from outgroup viruses (specificity as the true negative rate). This requires information on the genetic relationships within-group and with members of other groups. The influence of the genetic diversity of virus populations in diagnosis and disease management is well documented, but information on how to integrate the genetic diversity in the detection methods is still scarce. Here we review the techniques used for plant virus diagnosis and disease control, including characteristics such as accuracy, detection level, multiplexing, quantification, portability, and designability. The effect of genetic diversity and evolution of plant viruses in the design and performance of some detection and disease control techniques are also discussed. High-throughput or next-generation sequencing provides broad-spectrum and accurate identification of viruses enabling multiplex detection, quantification, and the discovery of new viruses. Likely, this technique will be the future standard in diagnostics as its cost will be dropping and becoming more affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rubio
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis Rubio,
| | - Luis Galipienso
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ferriol
- Plant Responses to Stress Programme, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG-CSIC_UAB-UB) Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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