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Chen X, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Fang X, Gao H, Zhao M, He S, Song B, Liu S, Wu J, Xu P, Zhang S. The EIN3 transcription factor GmEIL1 improves soybean resistance to Phytophthora sojae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13452. [PMID: 38619823 PMCID: PMC11018115 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean (Glycine max), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is an extremely destructive disease worldwide. In this study, we identified GmEIL1, which encodes an ethylene-insensitive3 (EIN3) transcription factor. GmEIL1 was significantly induced following P. sojae infection of soybean plants. Compared to wild-type soybean plants, transgenic soybean plants overexpressing GmEIL1 showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae and GmEIL1-silenced RNA-interference lines showed more severe symptoms when infected with P. sojae. We screened for target genes of GmEIL1 and confirmed that GmEIL1 bound directly to the GmERF113 promoter and regulated GmERF113 expression. Moreover, GmEIL1 positively regulated the expression of the pathogenesis-related gene GmPR1. The GmEIL1-regulated defence response to P. sojae involved both ethylene biosynthesis and the ethylene signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the GmEIL1-GmERF113 module plays an important role in P. sojae resistance via the ethylene signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingChina
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shengfu He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of AgricultureSoybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education MinistrySoybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghaiChina
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2
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Shang J, Zhang S, Du J, Wang W, Li K, Yang W. Red and Blue Light Induce Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection through the Coordination of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Defense Pathways. Viruses 2023; 15:2389. [PMID: 38140630 PMCID: PMC10747522 DOI: 10.3390/v15122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) seriously harms soybean quality and yield. In order to understand the effect of a heterogeneous light environment on the disease resistance of intercropped soybeans, we simulated three kinds of light environments to learn the effects of white light, blue light, and far-red light on the SMV resistance of soybeans. The results showed that compared with the control, SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense. The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species decreased. The oxidation damage in SMV-infected soybeans was serious under far-red light. Transcriptome data showed that the biostimulatory response, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signaling pathway gene expression of SMV-infected soybeans were significantly up-regulated under red light compared with the control. Compared with the control, the genes in the biostimulatory response, calcium ion binding, carbohydrate-binding, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways, were significantly up-regulated in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light. In far-red light, only 39 genes were differentially expressed in SMV-infected soybeans compared with the control, and most of the genes were down-regulated. Compared with the control, the up-regulation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway defense gene in SMV-infected soybeans under red light was higher than under other light treatments. Compared with the control, the up-regulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathway defense genes in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light was higher than under other light treatments. Compared with the control, most defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathways were inhibited in SMV-infected soybeans under far-red light, while genes in the ET pathway were significantly up-regulated. These results will advance our understanding of the disease resistance mechanism of intercropping soybeans in a heterogeneous light environment and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.D.); (W.Y.)
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.D.); (W.Y.)
| | - Junbo Du
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.D.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.D.); (W.Y.)
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3
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Li H, Liu J, Yuan X, Chen X, Cui X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and regulatory networks in early resistance of Glycine max to soybean mosaic virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241076. [PMID: 38033585 PMCID: PMC10687721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a high-value oilseed crop, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is limited by various biotic stresses during its growth and development. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a devastating viral infection of soybean that primarily affects young leaves and causes significant production and economic losses; however, the synergistic molecular mechanisms underlying the soybean response to SMV are largely unknown. Therefore, we performed RNA sequencing on SMV-infected resistant and susceptible soybean lines to determine the molecular mechanism of resistance to SMV. When the clean reads were aligned to the G. max reference genome, a total of 36,260 genes were identified as expressed genes and used for further research. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with resistance were found to be enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and circadian rhythm according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In addition to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, which are well known in plant disease resistance, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinin are also involved in the immune response to SMV in soybean. Most of the Ca2+ signaling related DEGs enriched in plant-pathogen interaction negatively influence SMV resistance. Furthermore, the MAPK cascade was involved in either resistant or susceptible responses to SMV, depending on different downstream proteins. The phytochrome interacting factor-cryptochrome-R protein module and the MEKK3/MKK9/MPK7-WRKY33-CML/CDPK module were found to play essential roles in soybean response to SMV based on protein-protein interaction prediction. Our findings provide general insights into the molecular regulatory networks associated with soybean response to SMV and have the potential to improve legume resistance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Mena E, Reboledo G, Stewart S, Montesano M, Ponce de León I. Comparative analysis of soybean transcriptional profiles reveals defense mechanisms involved in resistance against Diaporthe caulivora. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13061. [PMID: 37567886 PMCID: PMC10421924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean stem canker (SSC) caused by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe caulivora is an important disease affecting soybean production worldwide. However, limited information related to the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to Diaporthe species is available. In the present work, we analyzed the defense responses to D. caulivora in the soybean genotypes Williams and Génesis 5601. The results showed that compared to Williams, Génesis 5601 is more resistant to fungal infection evidenced by significantly smaller lesion length, reduced disease severity and pathogen biomass. Transcriptional profiling was performed in untreated plants and in D. caulivora-inoculated and control-treated tissues at 8 and 48 h post inoculation (hpi). In total, 2.322 and 1.855 genes were differentially expressed in Génesis 5601 and Williams, respectively. Interestingly, Génesis 5601 exhibited a significantly higher number of upregulated genes compared to Williams at 8 hpi, 1.028 versus 434 genes. Resistance to D. caulivora was associated with defense activation through transcriptional reprogramming mediating perception of the pathogen by receptors, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, hormone signaling, small heat shock proteins and pathogenesis related (PR) genes. These findings provide novel insights into soybean defense mechanisms leading to host resistance against D. caulivora, and generate a foundation for the development of resistant SSC varieties within soybean breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilyn Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Stewart
- Programa Nacional de Cultivos de Secano, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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5
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Bisht A, Saini DK, Kaur B, Batra R, Kaur S, Kaur I, Jindal S, Malik P, Sandhu PK, Kaur A, Gill BS, Wani SH, Kaur B, Mir RR, Sandhu KS, Siddique KHM. Multi-omics assisted breeding for biotic stress resistance in soybean. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3787-3814. [PMID: 36692674 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress is a critical factor limiting soybean growth and development. Soybean responses to biotic stresses such as insects, nematodes, fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens are governed by complex regulatory and defense mechanisms. Next-generation sequencing has availed research techniques and strategies in genomics and post-genomics. This review summarizes the available information on marker resources, quantitative trait loci, and marker-trait associations involved in regulating biotic stress responses in soybean. We discuss the differential expression of related genes and proteins reported in different transcriptomics and proteomics studies and the role of signaling pathways and metabolites reported in metabolomic studies. Recent advances in omics technologies offer opportunities to reshape and improve biotic stress resistance in soybean by altering gene regulation and/or other regulatory networks. We suggest using 'integrated omics' to precisely understand how soybean responds to different biotic stresses. We also discuss the potential challenges of integrating multi-omics for the functional analysis of genes and their regulatory networks and the development of biotic stress-resistant cultivars. This review will help direct soybean breeding programs to develop resistance against different biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Bisht
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, 175142, Kukumseri, Lahaul and Spiti, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ritu Batra
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, 25004, Meerut, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ishveen Kaur
- Agriculture, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, College of sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 78539, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Suruchi Jindal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Palvi Malik
- , Gurdev Singh Khush Institute of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University,, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Pawanjit Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Balwinder Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- MRCFC Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Entomology, UF/IFAS Research and Education Center, 33430, Belle Glade, Florida, USA
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
| | - Karansher Singh Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 99163, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 6001, Perth, WA, Australia.
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6
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Ai P, Xue J, Zhu Y, Tan W, Wu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Shi Z, Kang D, Zhang H, Jiang L, Wang Z. Comparative analysis of two kinds of garlic seedings: qualities and transcriptional landscape. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:87. [PMID: 36829121 PMCID: PMC9951544 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facility cultivation is widely applied to meet the increasing demand for high yield and quality, with light intensity and light quality being major limiting factors. However, how changes in the light environment affect development and quality are unclear in garlic. When garlic seedlings are grown, they can also be exposed to blanching culture conditions of darkness or low-light intensity to ameliorate their appearance and modify their bioactive compounds and flavor. RESULTS In this study, we determined the quality and transcriptomes of 14-day-old garlic and blanched garlic seedlings (green seedlings and blanched seedlings) to explore the mechanisms by which seedlings integrate light signals. The findings revealed that blanched garlic seedlings were taller and heavier in fresh weight compared to green garlic seedlings. In addition, the contents of allicin, cellulose, and soluble sugars were higher in the green seedlings. We also identified 3,872 differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested enrichment for plant-pathogen interactions, phytohormone signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and other metabolic processes. In functional annotations, pathways related to the growth and formation of the main compounds included phytohormone signaling, cell wall metabolism, allicin biosynthesis, secondary metabolism and MAPK signaling. Accordingly, we identified multiple types of transcription factor genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant phytohormone signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites among the differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Blanching culture is one facility cultivation mode that promotes chlorophyll degradation, thus changing the outward appearance of crops, and improves their flavor. The large number of DEGs identified confirmed the difference of the regulatory machinery under two culture system. This study increases our understanding of the regulatory network integrating light and darkness signals in garlic seedlings and provides a useful resource for the genetic manipulation and cultivation of blanched garlic seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ai
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Jundong Xue
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Wenchao Tan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yifei Wu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhongai Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhongya Shi
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Dongru Kang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Haoyi Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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7
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhang B, Chen Q, Liu L, Yan L, Yang Y, Meng Q, Huang J, Zhang M, Lin J, Qin J. Transcriptome mapping related genes encoding PR1 protein involved in necrotic symptoms to soybean mosaic virus infection. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:7. [PMID: 37313127 PMCID: PMC10248650 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) has not been specifically distinguished from susceptible symptoms. The molecular mechanism for the occurrence of necrosis is largely overlooked in soybean genetic research. Field evaluation reveals that SMV disease seriously influences soybean production as indicated by decreasing 22.4% ~ 77.0% and 8.8% ~ 17.0% of yield and quality production, respectively. To expand molecular mechanism behind necrotic reactions, transcriptomic data obtained from the asymptomatic, mosaic, and necrotic pools were assessed. Compared between asymptomatic and mosaic plants, 1689 and 1752 up- and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically found in necrotic plants. Interestingly, the top five enriched pathways with up-regulated DEGs were highly related to the process of the stress response, whereas the top three enriched pathways with down-regulated DEGs were highly related to the process of photosynthesis, demonstrating that defense systems are extensively activated, while the photosynthesis systems were severely destroyed. Further, results of the phylogenetic tree based on gene expression pattern and an amino acid sequence and validation experiments discovered three PR1 genes, Glyma.15G062400, Glyma.15G062500, and Glyma.15G062700, which were especially expressed in necrotic leaves. Meanwhile, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) but not methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could induce the three PR1 gene expressions on healthy leaves. Contrastingly, exogenous SA obviously decreased the expression level of Glyma.15G062400, Glyma.15G062500, and concentration of SMV, but increased Glyma.15G062700 expression in necrotic leaves. These results showed that GmPR1 is associated with the development of SMV-induced necrotic symptoms in soybean. Glyma.15G062400, Glyma.15G062500, and Glyma.15G062700 is up-regulated in necrotic leaves at the transcriptional levels, which will greatly facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism behind necrosis caused by SMV disease. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01351-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230 Waihuanxi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Wang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Luping Liu
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Long Yan
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Yue Yang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Jinan Huang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Jing Lin
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Jun Qin
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
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8
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Shang J, Zhao LP, Yang XM, Qi XL, Yu JF, Du JB, Li K, He CS, Wang WM, Yang WY. Soybean balanced the growth and defense in response to SMV infection under different light intensities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150870. [PMID: 37152165 PMCID: PMC10154679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for the growth and defense of soybean. It is not clear how soybeans adjust their defenses to different light environments with different cropping patterns. The mechanism of soybean response to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection under different light intensities was analyzed by RNA-seq sequencing method. Enrichment analysis illustrated that most defense-related genes were down-regulated in the dark and the shade, and up-regulated under hard light and normal light. Soybean can resist SMV infection mainly by activating salicylic acid signaling pathway. Light is essential for activating salicylic acid defense signaling pathways. With the increase of light intensity, the oxidative damage of soybean leaves was aggravated, which promoted the infection of virus. When light was insufficient, the growth of soybean was weak, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway, MAPK pathway and hormone defense pathway in infected soybean was inhibited. Under hard light, some defense genes in infected soybean were down-regulated to reduce the degree of oxidative damage. The expression of differentially expressed genes was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. In order to adapt to the change of light intensity, soybean balanced allocation of resources between growth and defense through a series regulation of gene expression. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the research of SMV resistance in intercropping soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shang,
| | - Lu-Ping Zhao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Miao Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Qi
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Shan He
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Zhong X, Yang L, Li J, Tang Z, Wu C, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang Z. Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B. Virol J 2022; 19:182. [DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), a key member of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae, causes severe viral diseases in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants worldwide. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum plants to CVB is scant.
Methods
Here, an integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of chrysanthemum leaves was conducted to explore the molecular response mechanisms of plants to a Chinese isolate of CVB (CVB-CN) at the molecular level.
Results
In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN, of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated. Gene ontology and functional classification showed that the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection, indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response, suggesting a crucial role of this pathway in response to CVB-CN infection.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence that ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB and offers valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus.
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10
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Wang D, Dawadi B, Qu J, Ye J. Light-Engineering Technology for Enhancing Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:805614. [PMID: 35251062 PMCID: PMC8891579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.805614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect vector-borne diseases are a major constraint to a wide variety of crops. Plants integrate environmental light and internal signalings to defend dual stresses both from the vector insects and vector-transmitted pathogens. In this review, we highlight a studies that demonstrate how light regulates plants deploying mechanisms against vector-borne diseases. Four major host defensive pathways involved in the host defense network against multiple biotic stresses are reviewed: innate immunity, phytohormone signaling, RNA interference, and protein degradation. The potential with light-engineering technology with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and genome engineering technology for fine-tuning crop defense and yield are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bishnu Dawadi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Xue B, Shang J, Yang J, Zhang L, Du J, Yu L, Yang W, Naeem M. Development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the detection of soybean mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus in field samples of soybean. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114278. [PMID: 34499966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is susceptible to viral diseases which are often present as mixed infections. The individual simplex RT-PCR methods used for the identification of multiple viruses are more tedious and time-consuming than the corresponding multiplex RT-PCR. This study used soybean mosaic virus (SMV), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected leaf samples from southern China as the test materials to evaluate a multiplex RT-PCR assay developed for the simultaneous detection of these viruses. The parameters optimised included the annealing temperature, extension time, number of cycles, and primer type and concentration. The specific fragments sizes obtained by the multiplex RT-PCR were 550 bp (SMV), 288 bp (BCMV) and 99 bp (CMV). The assay was tested using infected soybean samples obtained from farmers' fields in Sichuan Province, China. The multiplex RT-PCR assay had high sensitivity, was rapid and simple, and could be used for the diagnosis of soybean infected with various combinations of these viruses in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - JunBo Du
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - WenYu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammd Naeem
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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12
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Jiang H, Gu S, Li K, Gai J. Two TGA Transcription Factor Members from Hyper-Susceptible Soybean Exhibiting Significant Basal Resistance to Soybean mosaic virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11329. [PMID: 34768757 PMCID: PMC8583413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TGA transcription factors (TFs) exhibit basal resistance in Arabidopsis, but susceptibility to a pathogen attack in tomatoes; however, their roles in soybean (Glycine max) to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) are unknown. In this study, 27 TGA genes were isolated from a SMV hyper-susceptible soybean NN1138-2, designated GmTGA1~GmTGA27, which were clustered into seven phylogenetic groups. The expression profiles of GmTGAs showed that the highly expressed genes were mainly in Groups I, II, and VII under non-induction conditions, while out of the 27 GmTGAs, 19 responded to SMV-induction. Interestingly, in further transient N. benthamiana-SMV pathosystem assay, all the 19 GmTGAs overexpressed did not promote SMV infection in inoculated leaves, but they exhibited basal resistance except one without function. Among the 18 functional ones, GmTGA8 and GmTGA19, with similar motif distribution, nuclear localization sequence and interaction proteins, showed a rapid response to SMV infection and performed better than the others in inhibiting SMV multiplication. This finding suggested that GmTGA TFs may support basal resistance to SMV even from a hyper-susceptible source. What the mechanism of the genes (GmTGA8, GmTGA19, etc.) with basal resistance to SMV is and what their potential for the future improvement of resistance to SMV in soybeans is, are to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.J.); (S.G.); (K.L.)
- MOA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengyu Gu
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.J.); (S.G.); (K.L.)
- MOA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.J.); (S.G.); (K.L.)
- MOA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.J.); (S.G.); (K.L.)
- MOA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Zhang J, Ge W, Chang H, Xin X, Ji R. Discovery of BrATG6 and its potential role in Brassica rapa L. resistance to infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Gene 2021; 791:145711. [PMID: 33984445 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection, occurs in cruciferous vegetable crops in many areas of the world, sometimes leading to yield loss. In this study, a differentially expressed protein (0305), was found between control and clubroot-diseased Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) roots through two-dimensional electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that Bra003466 was highly matched to protein 0305. Because the sequence of Bra003466 had 89% percent identity with ATG6 of Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassica, the gene was named as BrATG6. However, 790 bp sequences were mismatched with the cDNA sequence of the Bra003466 gene from the Brassica database. In this study, we cloned the cDNA of Bra003466 and found the BrATG6 was highly expressed in roots among all organs. When plants were inoculated with P. brassicae Woronin, the expression of BrATG6 was significantly increased in infected roots of Chinese cabbage. This result was verified by reverse transcription-qPCR and in situ hybridization. Examination of disease resistance showed that, compared with wild type plants, A. thaliana ATG6 deletion mutants were more easily infected by P. brassicae than WT. This shows that BrATG6 may play a potential role in the resistance of B. rapa to P. brassicae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Wenjie Ge
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xifeng Xin
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Ruiqin Ji
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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14
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Lazzarin M, Meisenburg M, Meijer D, van Ieperen W, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF, van der Krol AR, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. LEDs Make It Resilient: Effects on Plant Growth and Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:496-508. [PMID: 33358304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral composition influences plant growth and metabolism, and has important consequences for interactions with plant-feeding arthropods and their natural enemies. In greenhouse horticulture, light spectral composition can be precisely manipulated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and LEDs are already used to optimize crop production and quality. However, because light quality also modulates plant secondary metabolism and defense, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in the context of the growth-defense trade-off. We review the effects of the spectral composition of supplemental light currently used, or potentially used, in greenhouse horticulture on the mechanisms underlying plant growth and defense. This information is important for exploring opportunities to optimize crop performance and pest management, and thus for developing resilient crop-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazzarin
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Meisenburg
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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German-Retana S, Mäkinen K. Special Issue: "The Complexity of the Potyviral Interaction Network". Viruses 2020; 12:E874. [PMID: 32796503 PMCID: PMC7472181 DOI: 10.3390/v12080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many potyvirus species are among the most economically-significant plant viruses as they cause substantial yield losses to crop plants globally [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie German-Retana
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Differential Accumulation of Innate- and Adaptive-Immune-Response-Derived Transcripts during Antagonism between Papaya Ringspot Virus and Papaya Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020230. [PMID: 32092910 PMCID: PMC7077339 DOI: 10.3390/v12020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a common potyvirus infecting papaya plants worldwide, can lead to either antagonism or synergism in mixed infections with Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), a potexvirus. These two unrelated viruses produce antagonism or synergism depending on their order of infection in the plant. When PRSV is inoculated first or at the same time as PapMV, the viral interaction is synergistic. However, an antagonistic response is observed when PapMV is inoculated before PRSV. In the antagonistic condition, PRSV is deterred from the plant and its drastic effects are overcome. Here, we examine differences in gene expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing, focused on immune system pathways. We present the transcriptomic expression of single and mixed inoculations of PRSV and PapMV leading to synergism and antagonism. Upregulation of dominant and hormone-mediated resistance transcripts suggests that the innate immune system participates in synergism. In antagonism, in addition to innate immunity, upregulation of RNA interference-mediated resistance transcripts suggests that adaptive immunity is involved.
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