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Yan X, Zhao X, Du Y, Wang H, Liu L, Wang Q, Liu J, Wei S. Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 145:107075. [PMID: 38697605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dynamics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and their efficacy against COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal serological analysis of 852 breakthrough COVID-19 infections among the community-based population in Yichang, China. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured by chemiluminescence at approximately 3, 4, and 9 months after infection. A linear mixed model predicted IgG antibody decline over 18 months. The effectiveness of antibodies in preventing symptomatic and severe infections was determined using an existing meta-regression model. RESULTS IgG antibodies slowly declined after breakthrough infections. Initially high at around 3 months (339.44 AU/mL, IQR: 262.78-382.95 AU/mL), levels remained significant at 9 months (297.74 AU/mL, IQR: 213.22-360.62 AU/mL). The elderly (≥60 years) had lower antibody levels compared to the young (<20 years) (P < 0.001). The protective efficacy of antibodies against symptomatic and severe infections was lower in the elderly (≥60 years) (78.34% and 86.33%) compared to the young (<20 years) (96.56% and 98.75%) after 1 year. CONCLUSION The study indicated a slow decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, maintaining considerable efficacy for over 1 year. However, lower levels in the elderly suggest reduced protective effects, underscoring the need for age-specific vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Du
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Petersen MS, Pérez-Alós L, Armenteros JJA, Hansen CB, Fjallsbak JP, Larsen S, Hansen JL, Jarlhelt I, Kristiansen MF, Við Streym F, Á Steig B, Christiansen DH, Møller LF, Strøm M, Andorsdóttir G, Gaini S, Weihe P, Garred P. Factors influencing the immune response over 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal population-wide study in the Faroe Islands. J Intern Med 2023; 293:63-81. [PMID: 35996938 PMCID: PMC9539344 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In this nationwide, longitudinal study, we determined antibody response in 411 patients aged 0-93 years from two waves of infections (March to December 2020) contributing 1063 blood samples. Each individual had blood drawn on 4-5 occasions 1-15 months after disease onset. We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody using a qualitative RBD sandwich ELISA, IgM, IgG and IgA levels using an quantitative in-house ELISA-based assay and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) using an in-house ELISA-based pseudoneutralizing assay. IgG subclasses were analyzed in a subset of samples by ELISA-based assay. We used nonlinear models to study the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and its influence over time. RESULTS After 15 months, 94% still had detectable circulating antibodies, mainly the IgG isotype, and 92% had detectable NAbs. The distribution of IgG antibodies varied significantly over time, characterized by a biphasic pattern with an initial decline followed by a plateau after approximately 7 months. However, the NAbs remained relatively stable throughout the period. The strength of the antibody response was influenced by smoking and hospitalization, with lower IgG levels in smokers and higher levels in hospitalized individuals. Antibody stability over time was mainly associated with male sex and older age with higher initial levels but more marked decrease. CONCLUSIONS The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection varies depending on behavioral factors and disease severity, and antibody stability over 15 months was associated with sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan A Armenteros
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cecilie B Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sólrun Larsen
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marnar F Kristiansen
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fríða Við Streym
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjarni Á Steig
- COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | | | - Marin Strøm
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shahin Gaini
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Deuel JW, Lauria E, Lovey T, Zweifel S, Meier MI, Züst R, Gültekin N, Stettbacher A, Schlagenhauf P. Persistence, prevalence, and polymorphism of sequelae after COVID-19 in unvaccinated, young adults of the Swiss Armed Forces: a longitudinal, cohort study (LoCoMo). THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:1694-1702. [PMID: 36030795 PMCID: PMC9411260 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent COVID-19 sequelae could have global, public health ramifications. We therefore aimed to describe sequelae presenting more than 180 days after COVID-19-focussing on several organ systems, general health, and laboratory parameters-in non-hospitalised, unvaccinated, young adults. METHODS We did a longitudinal cohort study of all army bases in Switzerland. Eligible participants were personnel of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF) who were aged 18-30 years with a positive or negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during their service between March 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2020. Exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate in testing. Females or men with a known reproductive anomaly were excluded from the optional component of male fertility testing. COVID-19 was defined as a positive diagnostic RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 with concurrent symptoms compatible with COVID-19. Participants were subdivided into four groups: control group (ie, serologically negative), asymptomatic infection group (ie, serologically positive but with no symptoms), non-recent COVID-19 group (>180 days since positive PCR test), and recent COVID-19 group (≤180 days since positive PCR test). Outcomes of interest were part of a comprehensive, intensive test battery that was administered during a single day. The test battery quantified the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, renal, ophthalmological, male reproductive, psychological, general health, and laboratory parameters. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04942249. FINDINGS Between May 20, 2021, and Nov 26, 2021, we enrolled 501 participants. 29 (6%) of 501 were female and 464 (93%) were male, and the median age was 21 years (IQR 21-23). Eight (2%) of 501 had incomplete data and were not included into the study groups. 177 participants had previous COVID-19 that was more than 180 days (mean 340 days) since diagnosis (ie, the non-recent COVID-19 group) compared with 251 serologically negative individuals (ie, the control group). We included 19 participants in the recent COVID-19 group and 46 in the asymptomatic infection group. We found a significant trend towards metabolic disorders in participants of the non-recent COVID-19 group compared with those in the control group: higher BMI (median 24·0 kg/m2 [IQR 22·0-25·8] vs 23·2 kg/m2 [27·1-25·0]; p=0·035), lower aerobic threshold (39% [36-43] vs 41% [37-46]; p=0·012), and higher blood cholesterol (4·2 μM [3·7-4·7] vs 3·9 μM [3·5-4·5]; p<0·0001) and LDL concentrations (2·4 μM [1·9-2·9] vs 2·2 μM [1·7-2·7]; p=0·001). The only significant psychosocial difference was found in the results of the Chalder Fatigue scale with the non-recent COVID-19 group reporting higher fatigue scores than the control group (median 12 points [IQR 11-15] vs 11 [9-14]; p=0·027). No significant differences in other psychosocial questionnaire scores, ophthalmological outcomes, and sperm quality or motility were reported between the control group and non-recent COVID-19 group. INTERPRETATION Young, previously healthy, individuals largely recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the constellation of higher BMI, dyslipidaemia, and lower physical endurance 180 days after COVID-19 is suggestive of a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders and possible cardiovascular complications. These findings will guide future investigations and follow-up management. FUNDING Swiss Armed Forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Werner Deuel
- Department of Global and Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Lauria
- Department of Global and Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Lovey
- Department of Global and Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Division of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Züst
- Spiez Laboratory, Austrasse, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Nejla Gültekin
- Medical Services, Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- Department of Global and Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Centre of Competence for Military Medicine Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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4
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Rubio R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal-Alaball J, Macià D, Catalina QM, Vidal M, Casanovas AF, Prados de la Torre E, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Zanoncello J, Melero NR, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Sustained seropositivity up to 20.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:379. [PMID: 36224590 PMCID: PMC9556137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the persistence of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, followed up since the start of the pandemic. The study also assesses factors affecting antibody levels, including comorbidities and the responses to variants of concern as well as the frequency of reinfections. Despite a gradual and significant decline in antibody levels with time, seropositivity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens combined was always higher than 90% over the whole study period. In a subset of 23 participants who had not yet been vaccinated by November 2021, seropositivity remained at 95.65% (47.83% IgM, 95.65% IgA, 95.65% IgG). IgG seropositivity against Alpha and Delta predominant variants was comparable to that against the Wuhan variant, while it was lower for Gamma and Beta (minority) variants and for IgA and IgM. Antibody levels at the time point closest to infection were associated with age, smoking, obesity, hospitalization, fever, anosmia/hypogeusia, chest pain, and hypertension in multivariable regression models. Up to 1 year later, just before the massive roll out of vaccination, antibody levels were associated with age, occupation, hospitalization, duration of symptoms, anosmia/hypogeusia, fever, and headache. In addition, tachycardia and cutaneous symptoms associated with slower antibody decay, and oxygen supply with faster antibody decay. Eight reinfections (3.23%) were detected in low responders, which is consistent with a sustained protective role for anti-spike naturally acquired antibodies. Stable persistence of IgG and IgA responses and cross-recognition of the predominant variants circulating in the 2020-2021 period indicate long-lasting and largely variant-transcending humoral immunity in the initial 20.5 months of the pandemic, in the absence of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Fuster Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Esther Prados de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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5
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Promotion of neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern using an RBD-Nucleocapsid fusion protein. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4831. [PMID: 35977933 PMCID: PMC9382605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both T cells and B cells have been shown to be generated after infection with SARS-CoV-2 yet protocols or experimental models to study one or the other are less common. Here, we generate a chimeric protein (SpiN) that comprises the receptor binding domain (RBD) from Spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) antigens from SARS-CoV-2. Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for SpiN could be detected in the blood of both individuals vaccinated with Coronavac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and COVID-19 convalescent donors. In mice, SpiN elicited a strong IFN-γ response by T cells and high levels of antibodies to the inactivated virus, but not detectable neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Importantly, immunization of Syrian hamsters and the human Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme-2-transgenic (K18-ACE-2) mice with Poly ICLC-adjuvanted SpiN promotes robust resistance to the wild type SARS-CoV-2, as indicated by viral load, lung inflammation, clinical outcome and reduction of lethality. The protection induced by SpiN was ablated by depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and not transferred by antibodies from vaccinated mice. Finally, vaccination with SpiN also protects the K18-ACE-2 mice against infection with Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Hence, vaccine formulations that elicit effector T cells specific for the N and RBD proteins may be used to improve COVID-19 vaccines and potentially circumvent the immune escape by variants of concern. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection involves T cell and B cell responses but only studying one or the other has proved difficult. Here the authors immunise with a fusion protein construct of N and RBD proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and find that this promotes protection in animal models preferentially via T cells.
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Bahlawan O, Badra R, Semaan H, Fayad N, Kamel MN, El Taweel AN, Gomaa MR, Sirawan A, Berry A, Mokhbat J, Goldstein J, Abdallah J, Kayali G. Prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in Lebanon. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1509-1519. [PMID: 35597809 PMCID: PMC9123924 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, more than 1,053,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been confirmed in Lebanon so far. The actual number of cases is likely to be higher. We conducted a serological study from October 2020 to April 2021 to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and identify associated factors. Serum samples as well as demographic, health, and behavioral data were collected from 2,783 subjects. Sera were tested by microneutralization assay. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 58.9% of the study population. The positivity rate increased over the study period. It was highest among the group who remained at work during the COVID-19 pandemic and in peri-urban areas with limited adherence to preventive measures. Sex and age were associated with positivity. Reported previous COVID-19, exposure to a COVID-19 patient in the family, and attending gatherings were associated with increased prevalence. Not taking any precautionary measures against COVID-19 was a risk factor, whereas precautionary measures such as working from home and washing hands were protective. The high neutralizing antibody seroprevalence rates detected in this study emphasize the high transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. Adherence to preventive measures and non-pharmaceutical interventions imposed by the government is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanna Semaan
- Human Link, 0000 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nancy Fayad
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Human Link, 0000 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N. El Taweel
- Human Link, 0000 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar R. Gomaa
- Human Link, 0000 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sirawan
- Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture, Bir Hassan, Jnah, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Atika Berry
- Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jacques Mokhbat
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jimi Goldstein
- Human Link, 0000 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB Hertfordshire UK
| | - Jad Abdallah
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
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7
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Shapira G, Abu Hamad R, Weiner C, Rainy N, Sorek-Abramovich R, Benveniste-Levkovitz P, Rock R, Avnat E, Levtzion-Korach O, Bar Chaim A, Shomron N. Population differences in antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and BNT162b2 vaccination. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22223. [PMID: 35239233 PMCID: PMC9111330 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101492r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific serum antibodies, elicited by vaccination or infection, is a primary determinant of anti‐viral immunity, which correlates with protection against infection and COVID‐19. Serum samples were obtained from 25 897 participants and assayed for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein RBD IgG antibodies. The cohort was composed of newly vaccinated BNT162b2 recipients, in the first month or 6 months after vaccination, COVID‐19 patients and a general sample of the Israeli population. Antibody levels of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients were negatively correlated with age, with a prominent decrease in recipients over 55 years old, which was most significant in males. This trend was observable within the first month and 6 months after vaccination, while younger participants were more likely to maintain stable levels of serum antibodies. The antibody concentration of participants previously infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 was lower than the vaccinated and had a more complex, non‐linear relation to age, sex and COVID‐19 symptoms. Taken together, our data supports age and sex as primary determining factors for both the magnitude and durability of humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the COVID‐19 vaccine. Our results could inform vaccination policies, prioritizing the most susceptible populations for repeated vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Chen Weiner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Yaacov, Israel
| | - Nir Rainy
- Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Yaacov, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Eden Avnat
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Schlagenhauf P, Deuel J. Concerts and COVID: can the beat go on? THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:299-301. [PMID: 34843663 PMCID: PMC8626092 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yadav DK, Singh DD, Han I, Kumar Y, Choi EH. Current Potential Therapeutic Approaches against SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111620. [PMID: 34829850 PMCID: PMC8615922 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a serious threat to public health worldwide and, to date, no effective treatment is available. Thus, we herein review the pharmaceutical approaches to SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. Numerous candidate medicines that can prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication have been proposed. These medicines include inhibitors of serine protease TMPRSS2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the receptor in host cells. ACE2 inhibitors block TMPRSS2 and S protein priming, thus preventing SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells. Moreover, antiviral medicines (including the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, the HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, and wide-spectrum antiviral antibiotics arbidol and favipiravir) have been shown to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 as well as morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (E.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (E.-H.C.)
| | - Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52/Gebäude N27, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (E.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (E.-H.C.)
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10
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Linardou H, Spanakis N, Koliou GA, Christopoulou A, Karageorgopoulou S, Alevra N, Vagionas A, Tsoukalas N, Sgourou S, Fountzilas E, Sgouros J, Razis E, Chatzokou D, Lampaki S, Res E, Saridaki Z, Mountzios G, Saroglou G, Fountzilas G. Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cancer (ReCOVer Study): A Prospective Cohort Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4621. [PMID: 34572848 PMCID: PMC8466969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the effectiveness and safety of approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients are limited. This observational, prospective cohort study investigated the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 232 cancer patients from 12 HeCOG-affiliated oncology departments compared to 100 healthcare volunteers without known active cancer. The seropositivity rate was measured 2-4 weeks after two vaccine doses, by evaluating neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using a commercially available immunoassay. Seropositivity was defined as ≥33.8 Binding-Antibody-Units (BAU)/mL. A total of 189 patients and 99 controls were eligible for this analysis. Among patients, 171 (90.5%) were seropositive after two vaccine doses, compared to 98% of controls (p = 0.015). Most seronegative patients were males (66.7%), >70-years-old (55.5%), with comorbidities (61.1%), and on active treatment (88.9%). The median antibody titers among patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (523 vs. 2050 BAU/mL; p < 0.001). The rate of protective titers was 54.5% in patients vs. 97% in controls (p < 0.001). Seropositivity rates and IgG titers in controls did not differ for any studied factor. In cancer patients, higher antibody titers were observed in never-smokers (p = 0.006), women (p = 0.022), <50-year-olds (p = 0.004), PS 0 (p = 0.029), and in breast or ovarian vs. other cancers. Adverse events were comparable to registration trials. In this cohort study, although the seropositivity rate after two vaccine doses in cancer patients seemed satisfactory, their antibody titers were significantly lower than in controls. Monitoring of responses and further elucidation of the clinical factors that affect immunity could guide adaptations of vaccine strategies for vulnerable subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Linardou
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Spanakis
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11524 Athens, Greece;
- AlfaLab, Hellenic HealthCare Group, 11524 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia-Angeliki Koliou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Nephely Alevra
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Tsoukalas
- Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Sgourou
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Fountzilas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic of Thessaloniki, 54645 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Joseph Sgouros
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Sofia Lampaki
- Pulmonary Department, Lung Cancer Oncology Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni Res
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.R.)
| | | | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Saroglou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Internal Medicine Department, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
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11
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Neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 persists 9 months post symptom onset in mild and asymptomatic patients. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:8-12. [PMID: 34508860 PMCID: PMC8425675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A better understanding of the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to predict its dynamics within the general population and its impact on the vaccination strategy. This study assessed the persistence of neutralizing antibody (Nab) activity and SARS-CoV-2 serology in serum samples of mild and asymptomatic patients 9 months post symptom onset (PSO) in a primary care context among immunocompetent adults. Methods A longitudinal cohort of crew members (CMs) exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on the French aircraft carrier ‘Charles de Gaulle’ in April 2020 was created. CMs infected with COVID-19 and with positive serology at the end of quarantine were tested 9 months PSO. Samples were collected 18 and 280 days PSO. For each patient, both serology and serum viral neutralizing activity were performed. Results In total, 86 CMs were analysed. Samples were collected 18 and 280 days PSO. The seroconversion rates were 100% and 93% (82/86) at 18 and 280 days PSO, respectively, and 72.7% of patients exhibited persistent Nab activity at 9 months, regardless of disease severity. Conclusion Nab activity persists for up to 9 months following asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 among young adults, regardless of serological results.
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12
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Alhabbab RY, Alsaieedi A, Algaissi A, Almahboub S, Al-Raddadi RM, Shabouni OI, Alhabbab R, Alfaraj AA, Alamri SS, Aljehani ND, Abdulal RH, Alfaleh MA, Abujamel TS, Alkayyal AA, Mahmoud AB, Abuzenadah AM, Hashem AM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers during the Epidemic Peak in Referral Hospitals and Quarantine Sites: Saudi Arabia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071413. [PMID: 34372618 PMCID: PMC8310370 DOI: 10.3390/v13071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population. Here, we aimed to evaluate and characterize the SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate in randomly collected samples among HCWs from the largest referral hospitals and quarantine sites during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in the city of Jeddah, the second largest city in Saudi Arabia, using a cross-sectional analytic study design. Out of 693 participants recruited from 29 June to 10 August 2020, 223 (32.2%, 95% CI: 28.8–35.8) were found to be confirmed seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and among those 197 (88.3%) had never been diagnosed with COVID-19. Seropositivity was not significantly associated with participants reporting COVID-19 compatible symptoms as most seropositive HCW participants 140 (62.8%) were asymptomatic. The large proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases detected in our study demands periodic testing as a general hospital policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Rahaf Alhabbab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah A. Alfaraj
- Department of Phlebotomy, Blood Bank & Laboratory, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sawsan S. Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Najwa D. Aljehani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(12)-6400000 (ext. 21033)
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Vidal-Alaball J, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal M, Rubio R, Cascant E, Parras D, Rodrigo Melero N, Serra P, Carolis C, Santamaria P, Forcada A, Mendioroz J, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity and reinfection rates in health care workers up to 12.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2021; 19:155. [PMID: 34183003 PMCID: PMC8237770 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the duration and baseline determinants of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the occurrence of reinfections in a prospective cohort of 173 Spanish primary health care worker patients followed initially for 9 months and subsequently up to 12.5 months after COVID-19 symptoms onset. Seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike and receptor-binding domain antigens up to 149-270 days was 92.49% (90.17% IgG, 76.3% IgA, 60.69% IgM). In a subset of 64 health care workers who had not yet been vaccinated by April 2021, seropositivity was 96.88% (95.31% IgG, 82.81% IgA) up to 322-379 days post symptoms onset. Four suspected reinfections were detected by passive case detection, two among seronegative individuals (5 and 7 months after the first episode), and one low antibody responder. Antibody levels significantly correlated with fever, hospitalization, anosmia/hypogeusia, allergies, smoking, and occupation. Stable sustainment of IgG responses raises hope for long-lasting COVID-19 vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Cascant
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anna Forcada
- Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Jacobo Mendioroz
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- COVID-19 Response Unit, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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Understanding COVID-19 Epidemiology and Implications for Control: The Experience from a Greek Semi-Closed Community. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132765. [PMID: 34201868 PMCID: PMC8268522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody seroprevalence in one of the worst-affected by the pandemic semi-closed communities in Greece, Deskati, and evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical correlations of functional antibody responses. METHODS The Ag2019n-CoV V1310/V1330 Rapid Test (Prognosis Biotech, Greece) was used for antigen detection. The Rapid Test 2019-nCoV Total Ig, V1210/V1230 (Prognosis Biotech, Greece), and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant method (Architect, Abbott, Illinois, USA) were used for antibody testing. RESULTS None of the participants had a positive antigen result. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity ranged from 13% to 45% in the study population, depending on the method. One-third of the participants with known past infection had a positive antibody test result 77 ± 13 days after infection. Two-fifths of infections determined by serology were asymptomatic. The advancing age and hospitalization predicted seropositivity among patients with past infection. Half of the participants who tested positive for antibodies were not aware of past infection. CONCLUSIONS High-burden contexts in Greece, such as Deskati, are not so far from herd immunity thresholds. We highlighted the value of low-cost serosurveys targeting both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations to evaluate the natural immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in nonvaccinated susceptibles and design evidence-based policies for lifting lockdowns.
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