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Machado RS, Tavares FN, Sousa IP. Global landscape of coxsackieviruses in human health. Virus Res 2024; 344:199367. [PMID: 38561065 PMCID: PMC11002681 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses-induced infections, particularly in infants and young children, are one of the most important public health issues in low- and middle-income countries, where the surveillance system varies substantially, and these manifestations have been disregarded. They are widespread throughout the world and are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, from mildly symptomatic conditions to severe acute and chronic disorders. Coxsackieviruses (CV) have been found to have 27 identified genotypes, with overlaps in clinical phenotypes between genotypes. In this review, we present a concise overview of the most recent studies and findings of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders, along with epidemiological data that provides comprehensive details on the distribution, variability, and clinical manifestations of different CV types. We also highlight the significant roles that CV infections play in the emergence of neurodegenerative illnesses and their effects on neurocognition. The current role of CVs in oncolytic virotherapy is also mentioned. This review provides readers with a better understanding of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders and pointing the impact that CV infections can have on different organs with variable pathogenicity. A deeper knowledge of these infections could have implications in designing current surveillance and prevention strategies related to severe CVs-caused infections, as well as encourage studies to identify the emergence of more pathogenic types and the etiology of the most common and most severe disorders associated with coxsackievirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana S Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brasil; Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Fernando N Tavares
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Ivanildo P Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil.
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2
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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3
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Girod M, Geisler A, Hinze L, Elsner L, Dieringer B, Beling A, Kurreck J, Fechner H. Combination of FOLFOXIRI Drugs with Oncolytic Coxsackie B3 Virus PD-H Synergistically Induces Oncolysis in the Refractory Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Colo320. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5618. [PMID: 38891807 PMCID: PMC11171967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Immunostimulatory therapies like oncolytic viruses can complement chemotherapies by fostering the infiltration of the tumor by immune cells and enhancing drug cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the effect of combining the FOLFOXIRI chemotherapeutic agents with the oncolytic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) PD-H in the CRC cell line Colo320. Additionally, we examined the impact of the drugs on the expression of microRNAs (miRs), which could be used to increase the safety of oncolytic CVB3 containing corresponding miR target sites (miR-TS). The measurement of cytotoxic activity using the Chou-Talalay combination index approach revealed that PD-H synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin (OX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and SN-38. PD-H replication was not affected by OX and SN-38 but inhibited by high concentrations of 5-FU. MiR expression levels were not or only slightly elevated by the drugs or with drug/PD-H combinations on Colo320 cells. Moreover, the drug treatment did not increase the mutation rate of the miR-TS inserted into the PD-H genome. The results demonstrate that the combination of FOLFOXIRI drugs and PD-H may be a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic effect of FOLFOXIRI therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Girod
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Geisler
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Hinze
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Dieringer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Iyer M, Ravichandran N, Karuppusamy PA, Gnanarajan R, Yadav MK, Narayanasamy A, Vellingiri B. Molecular insights and promise of oncolytic virus based immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:419-492. [PMID: 38762277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Discovering a therapeutic that can counteract the aggressiveness of this disease's mechanism is crucial for improving survival rates for cancer patients and for better understanding the most different types of cancer. In recent years, using these viruses as an anticancer therapy has been thought to be successful. They mostly work by directly destroying cancer cells, activating the immune system to fight cancer, and expressing exogenous effector genes. For the treatment of tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be modified to reproduce only in tumor tissues and lyse them while preserving the healthy non-neoplastic host cells and reinstating antitumor immunity which present a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. OVs can exist naturally or be created in a lab by altering existing viruses. These changes heralded the beginning of a new era of less harmful virus-based cancer therapy. We discuss three different types of oncolytic viruses that have already received regulatory approval to treat cancer as well as clinical research using oncolytic adenoviruses. The primary therapeutic applications, mechanism of action of oncolytic virus updates, future views of this therapy will be covered in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Nandita Ravichandran
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Roselin Gnanarajan
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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6
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Bahreyni A, Mohamud Y, Ashraf Nouhegar S, Zhang J, Luo H. Synergistic Viro-chemoimmunotherapy in Breast Cancer Enabled by Bioengineered Immunostimulatory Exosomes and Dual-Targeted Coxsackievirus B3. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4241-4255. [PMID: 38278522 PMCID: PMC10851665 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer's immunosuppressive environment hinders effective immunotherapy, but oncolytic viruses hold promise for addressing this challenge by targeting tumor cells and altering the microenvironment. Yet, neutralizing antibodies and immune clearance impede their clinical utility. This study explored microRNA-modified coxsackievirus B3 (miR-CVB3), an innovative oncolytic virus, and its potential in breast cancer treatment. It investigated miR-CVB3's impact on immune-related proteins and utilized exosomes as both protective shields and delivery carriers. Results demonstrated miR-CVB3's capacity to reshape immune-related protein profiles toward a more immunostimulatory state and enhance exosome-mediated immune cell activation. Notably, cancer cell-released exosomes encapsulating miR-CVB3 (ExomiR-CVB3) maintained its antitumor cytotoxicity and bolstered its immunostimulatory effects. Moreover, ExomiR-CVB3 shielded miR-CVB3 from neutralizing antibodies and rapid immune clearance when it was systemically administered. Building on these findings, ExomiR-CVB3 was engineered with the AS1411 aptamer and doxorubicin (ExomiR-CVB3/DoxApt), enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This notable approach, combining genomic modification, aptamer surface decoration, and doxorubicin addition, demonstrated safe delivery of CVB3 to cancer cells. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed selective breast cancer cell targeting, cell death induction, and significant immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment while sparing healthy organs. In summary, this study highlights ExomiR-CVB3/DoxApt as a pioneering breast cancer treatment strategy adaptable for diverse cancer types, offering a potent and versatile approach to reshaping cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre
for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s
Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre
for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s
Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sanaz Ashraf Nouhegar
- Centre
for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s
Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Centre
for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s
Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre
for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s
Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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7
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Khushalani NI, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Bommareddy PK, Zamarin D. Breaking the barriers in cancer care: The next generation of herpes simplex virus-based oncolytic immunotherapies for cancer treatment. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100729. [PMID: 37841530 PMCID: PMC10570124 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the US Food and Drug Administration first approved talimogene laherparepvec for the treatment of melanoma in 2015, the field of oncolytic immunotherapy (OI) has rapidly evolved. There are numerous ongoing clinical studies assessing the clinical activity of OIs across a wide range of tumor types. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor immune response has led to the development of OIs with improved immune-mediated preclinical efficacy. In this review, we discuss the key approaches for developing the next generation of herpes simplex virus-based OIs. Modifications to the viral genome and incorporation of transgenes to promote safety, tumor-selective replication, and immune stimulation are reviewed. We also review the advantages and disadvantages of intratumoral versus intravenous administration, summarize clinical evidence supporting the use of OIs as a strategy to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, and consider emerging opportunities to improve OI efficacy in the combination setting.
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8
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Seyed-Khorrami SM, Azadi A, Rastegarvand N, Habibian A, Soleimanjahi H, Łos MJ. A promising future in cancer immunotherapy: Oncolytic viruses. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176063. [PMID: 37797673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the conventional methods, attention has been drawn to the use of immunotherapy-based methods for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has developed as a therapeutic option that can be more specific with better outcomes in tumor treatment. It can boost or regulate the immune system behind the targeted virotherapy. Virotherapy is a kind of oncolytic immunotherapy that investigated broadly in cancer treatment in recent decades, due to its several advantages. According to recent advance in the field of understanding cancer cell biology and its occurrence, as well as increasing the knowledge about conditionally replicating oncolytic viruses and their destructive function in the tumor cells, nowadays, it is possible to apply this strategy in the treatment of malignancies. Relying on achievements in clinical trials of oncolytic viruses, we can certainly expect that this therapeutic perception can play a more central role in cancer treatment. In cancer treatment, combination therapy using oncolytic viruses alongside standard cancer treatment methods and other immunotherapy-based treatments can expect more promising results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arezou Azadi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Rastegarvand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ala Habibian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden.
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9
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Cui B, Song L, Wang Q, Li K, He Q, Wu X, Gao F, Liu M, An C, Gao Q, Hu C, Hao X, Dong F, Zhou J, Liu D, Song Z, Yan X, Zhang J, Bai Y, Mao Q, Yang X, Liang Z. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) oncolysis using coxsackievirus B5 and synergistic DNA-damage response inhibitors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37743418 PMCID: PMC10518312 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous in-depth study of the interaction mechanism between viruses and hosts, the virus has become a promising tool in cancer treatment. In fact, many oncolytic viruses with selectivity and effectiveness have been used in cancer therapy. Human enterovirus is one of the most convenient sources to generate oncolytic viruses, however, the high seroprevalence of some enteroviruses limits its application which urges to exploit more oncolytic enteroviruses. In this study, coxsackievirus B5/Faulkner (CV-B5/F) was screened for its potential oncolytic effect against non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) through inducing apoptosis and autophagy. For refractory NSCLCs, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) or ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) inhibitors can synergize with CV-B5/F to promote refractory cell death. Here, we showed that viral infection triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pro-apoptosis and autophagy signals, whereas repair for double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) contributed to cell survival which can be antagonized by inhibitor-induced cell death, manifesting exacerbated DSBs, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mechanistically, PERK pathway was activated by the combination of CV-B5/F and inhibitor, and the irreversible ER stress-induced exacerbated cell death. Furthermore, the degradation of activated STING by ERphagy promoted viral replication. Meanwhile, no treatment-related deaths due to CV-B5/F and/or inhibitors occurred. Conclusively, our study identifies an oncolytic CV-B5/F and the synergistic effects of inhibitors of DNA-PK or ATM, which is a potential therapy for NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Hu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Hao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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10
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Lovatt C, Parker AL. Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The "Hot" New Power Couple. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4178. [PMID: 37627206 PMCID: PMC10453115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer care and shown remarkable efficacy clinically. This efficacy is, however, limited to subsets of patients with significant infiltration of lymphocytes into the tumour microenvironment. To extend their efficacy to patients who fail to respond or achieve durable responses, it is now becoming evident that complex combinations of immunomodulatory agents may be required to extend efficacy to patients with immunologically "cold" tumours. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have the capacity to selectively replicate within and kill tumour cells, resulting in the induction of immunogenic cell death and the augmentation of anti-tumour immunity, and have emerged as a promising modality for combination therapy to overcome the limitations seen with ICIs. Pre-clinical and clinical data have demonstrated that OVs can increase immune cell infiltration into the tumour and induce anti-tumour immunity, thus changing a "cold" tumour microenvironment that is commonly associated with poor response to ICIs, to a "hot" microenvironment which can render patients more susceptible to ICIs. Here, we review the major viral vector platforms used in OV clinical trials, their success when used as a monotherapy and when combined with adjuvant ICIs, as well as pre-clinical studies looking at the effectiveness of encoding OVs to deliver ICIs locally to the tumour microenvironment through transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lovatt
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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11
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Sousa-Pimenta M, Martins Â, Machado V. Oncolytic viruses in hematological malignancies: hijacking disease biology and fostering new promises for immune and cell-based therapies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 379:189-219. [PMID: 37541724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased tropism for malignant cells of some viruses has been highlighted in recent studies, prompting their use as a strategy to modify the transcriptional profile of those cells, while sparing the healthy ones. Likewise, they have been recognized as players modulating microenvironmental immunity, namely through an increase in antigen-presenting, natural-killer, and T CD8+ cytotoxic cells by a cross-priming mechanism elicited by tumor-associated antigens. The immunomodulatory role of the oncolytic virus seems relevant in hematological malignancies, which may relapse as a result of a proliferative burst elicited by an external stimulus in progenitor or neoplastic stem cells. By reprogramming the host cells and the surrounding environment, the potential of virotherapy ranges from the promise to eradicate the minimal measurable disease (in acute leukemia, for example), to the ex vivo purging of malignant progenitor cells in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in virotherapy in hematological malignancies, either when administered alone or together with chemotherapeutic agents or other immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sousa-Pimenta
- Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Martins
- Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Machado
- Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, Centro de investigação do IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Instituto português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), LAB2, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Bahreyni A, Liu H, Mohamud Y, Xue YC, Fan YM, Zhang YL, Luo H. A combination of genetically engineered oncolytic virus and melittin-CpG for cancer viro-chemo-immunotherapy. BMC Med 2023; 21:193. [PMID: 37226233 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient therapeutic approach for cancer management. However, stimulation of host immune system against cancer cells often fails to achieve promising clinical outcomes mainly owing to the immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Combination therapeutics that can trigger sustained immunogenic cell death (ICD) have provided new opportunities for cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, we designed and applied an ICD inducer regimen, including a genetically engineered oncolytic virus (miRNA-modified coxsackieviruses B3, miR-CVB3), a pore-forming lytic peptide (melittin, found in bee venom), and a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides), for breast cancer and melanoma treatment. We compared the anti-tumor efficacy of miR-CVB3 and CpG-melittin (CpGMel) alone and in combination (miR-CVB3 + CpGMel) and investigated possible mechanisms involved. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-CVB3 + CpGMel had no major impact on viral growth, while enhancing the cellular uptake of CpGMel in vitro. We further showed that combination therapy led to significant increases in tumor cell death and release of damage-associated molecular patterns compared with individual treatment. In vivo studies in 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice revealed that both primary and distant tumors were significantly suppressed, and the survival rate was significantly prolonged after administration of miR-CVB3 + CpGMel compared with single treatment. This anti-tumor effect was accompanied by increased ICD and immune cell infiltration into the TME. Safety analysis showed no significant pathological abnormalities in Balb/c mice. Furthermore, the developed therapeutic regimen also demonstrated a great anti-tumor activity in B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 J mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that although single treatment using miR-CVB3 or CpGMel can efficiently delay tumor growth, combining oncolytic virus-based therapy can generate even stronger anti-tumor immunity, leading to a greater reduction in tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huitao Liu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yiyun Michelle Fan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Endowment Lands, Canada
| | - Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Endowment Lands, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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13
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Bhat AA, Thapa R, Afzal O, Agrawal N, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Altamimi ASA, Prasher P, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. The pyroptotic role of Caspase-3/GSDME signalling pathway among various cancer: A Review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124832. [PMID: 37196719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs have long been recognised to kill cancer cells through apoptosis. According to a current study, pyroptosis inhibits cell proliferation and shrinks tumors. Pyroptosis and apoptosis are caspase-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) processes. Inflammasomes activate caspase-1 and latent cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, to cleave gasdermin E (GSDME) and induce pyroptosis. Gasdermin proteins activate caspase-3 to induce pyroptosis, which is associated with tumour genesis, development, and therapy response. These proteins may serve as therapeutic biomarkers for cancer detection, and their antagonists may be a new target. Caspase-3, a crucial protein in both pyroptosis and apoptosis, governs tumour cytotoxicity when activated, and GSDME expression modulates this. Once active caspase-3 cleaves GSDME, its N-terminal domain punches holes in the cell membrane, causing it to expand, burst, and die. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PCD mediated by caspase-3 and GSDME, we focused on pyroptosis. Hence, caspase-3 and GSDME may be promising targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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14
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Tian H, Wu J, Yu X, Zeng L, Liu F, Liu Q, Huang X. Coxsackievirus Group B3 Has Oncolytic Activity against Colon Cancer through Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246206. [PMID: 36551691 PMCID: PMC9776948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and there are few effective therapies for colon cancer. This study explored the use of coxsackievirus group B3 (CVB3) as an oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer. In this study, we verified that CVB3 induces death of colon cancer cell lines by directly observing cell morphology and Western blot results, and observed the oncolytic effects of CVB3 by constructing an immunodeficient nude mice model. Our data show that CVB3 induces pyroptosis in colon cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CVB3 causes cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME), but not gasdermin D (GSDMD), by activating caspase-3. This leads to production of GSDME N-termini and the development of pores in the plasma membrane, inducing pyroptosis of colon cancer cell lines. We also demonstrate that CVB3-induced pyroptosis is promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, in vivo studies using immunodeficient nude mice revealed that intratumoral injection of CVB3 led to significant tumor regression. Our findings indicate that CVB3 has oncolytic activity in colon cancer cell lines via GSDME-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huizhen Tian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fadi Liu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (X.H.)
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15
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Bahreyni A, Liu H, Mohamud Y, Xue YC, Zhang J, Luo H. A new miRNA-Modified coxsackievirus B3 inhibits triple negative breast cancer growth with improved safety profile in immunocompetent mice. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215849. [PMID: 35995138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) displays great oncolytic activity against various cancer cells. Previously, we demonstrated that adding targeting sequences (TS) of miR-145/143, which are downregulated in cancer compared with normal cells, into CVB3 genome drastically attenuates tissue toxicity, while retaining its oncolytic activity towards lung tumor. Here we extended to assess miR-modified CVB3 in breast cancer therapy. We generated a new miRNA-CVB3 by inserting TS of muscle-specific miR-1 and pancreas-selective miR-216 into the above miR-145/143-modified CVB3. We found that this newly established CVB3 (termed miR-CVB3-1.1) is safe without triggering noticeable pathogenesis when applied to immunocompetent mice. In vitro studies revealed that miR-CVB3-1.1 can infect and lyse a wide range of breast cancer cells. Animal experiments using a syngeneic breast cancer mouse model showed that intratumoral inoculation of miR-CVB3-1.1 significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, associated with productive viral growth and enhanced immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we observed substantially reduced toxicity and prolonged survival in mice treated with miR-CVB3-1.1 compared with wild-type CVB3. Together, our results support miR-CVB3-1.1 as a promising candidate, which can be further evaluated for clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huitao Liu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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16
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Dieringer B, Elsner L, Hazini A, Kurreck J, Fechner H. Generation of a microRNA-Regulated Oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2521:259-282. [PMID: 35733003 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The members of the picornavirus family include various viruses which, due to their impressive oncolytic activity, have the potential to be used for the treatment of cancer. However, the replication of these oncolytic viruses (OV) is not limited to tumor cells but can also take place in various normal tissues. To increase the safety of these OV, target sites (miR-TS) of microRNAs, which are expressed in normal tissues but are absent or only expressed at low levels in cancer cells, can be inserted into the viral genome. Here we describe how miR-TS can easily be inserted into the complementary DNA (cDNA) of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) RNA genome using the In-Fusion cloning technology. Here we provide the step-by-step protocol, how miR-TS containing recombinant CVB3 can be generated from these viral cDNA constructs, how the virus is amplified, purified and concentrated, and how the functionality of the miR-TS within the viral genome can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Dieringer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmet Hazini
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Hazini A, Dieringer B, Klingel K, Pryshliak M, Geisler A, Kobelt D, Daberkow O, Kurreck J, van Linthout S, Fechner H. Application Route and Immune Status of the Host Determine Safety and Oncolytic Activity of Oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3 Variant PD-H. Viruses 2021; 13:1918. [PMID: 34696348 PMCID: PMC8539752 DOI: 10.3390/v13101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackievirus B3 strain PD-0 has been proposed as a new oncolytic virus for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Here, we generated a cDNA clone of PD-0 and analyzed the virus PD-H, newly generated from this cDNA, in xenografted and syngenic models of colorectal cancer. Replication and cytotoxic assays revealed that PD-H replicated and lysed colorectal carcinoma cell lines in vitro as well as PD-0. Intratumoral injection of PD-H into subcutaneous DLD-1 tumors in nude mice resulted in strong inhibition of tumor growth and significantly prolonged the survival of the animals, but virus-induced systemic infection was observed in one of the six animals. In a syngenic mouse model of subcutaneously growing Colon-26 tumors, intratumoral administration of PD-H led to a significant reduction of tumor growth, the prolongation of animal survival, the prevention of tumor-induced cachexia, and the elevation of CD3+ and dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment. No virus-induced side effects were observed. After intraperitoneal application, PD-H induced weak pancreatitis and myocarditis in immunocompetent mice. By equipping the virus with target sites of miR-375, which is specifically expressed in the pancreas, organ infections were prevented. Moreover, employment of this virus in a syngenic mouse model of CT-26 peritoneal carcinomatosis resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth and an increase in animal survival. The results demonstrate that the immune status of the host, the route of virus application, and the engineering of the virus with target sites of suitable microRNAs are crucial for the use of PD-H as an oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hazini
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Babette Dieringer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Markian Pryshliak
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Anja Geisler
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- EPO GmbH Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (D.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Ole Daberkow
- EPO GmbH Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (D.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin—Charité, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.H.); (B.D.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.K.)
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18
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Virotherapy in Germany-Recent Activities in Virus Engineering, Preclinical Development, and Clinical Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081420. [PMID: 34452286 PMCID: PMC8402873 DOI: 10.3390/v13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy research involves the development, exploration, and application of oncolytic viruses that combine direct killing of cancer cells by viral infection, replication, and spread (oncolysis) with indirect killing by induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Oncolytic viruses can also be engineered to genetically deliver therapeutic proteins for direct or indirect cancer cell killing. In this review—as part of the special edition on “State-of-the-Art Viral Vector Gene Therapy in Germany”—the German community of virotherapists provides an overview of their recent research activities that cover endeavors from screening and engineering viruses as oncolytic cancer therapeutics to their clinical translation in investigator-initiated and sponsored multi-center trials. Preclinical research explores multiple viral platforms, including new isolates, serotypes, or fitness mutants, and pursues unique approaches to engineer them towards increased safety, shielded or targeted delivery, selective or enhanced replication, improved immune activation, delivery of therapeutic proteins or RNA, and redirecting antiviral immunity for cancer cell killing. Moreover, several oncolytic virus-based combination therapies are under investigation. Clinical trials in Germany explore the safety and potency of virotherapeutics based on parvo-, vaccinia, herpes, measles, reo-, adeno-, vesicular stomatitis, and coxsackie viruses, including viruses encoding therapeutic proteins or combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These research advances represent exciting vantage points for future endeavors of the German virotherapy community collectively aimed at the implementation of effective virotherapeutics in clinical oncology.
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