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Venkateswaran D, Prakash A, Nguyen QA, Salman M, Suntisukwattana R, Atthaapa W, Tantituvanont A, Lin H, Songkasupa T, Nilubol D. Comprehensive Characterization of the Genetic Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus: Insights into Infection Dynamics, Immunomodulation, Virulence and Genes with Unknown Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2187. [PMID: 39123713 PMCID: PMC11311002 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious hemorrhagic viral disease affecting the swine population. The causative agent is African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). There is no treatment or commercial vaccine available at present. This virus poses a significant threat to the global swine industry and economy, with 100% mortality rate in acute cases. ASFV transmission occurs through both direct and indirect contact, with control measures limited to early detection, isolation, and culling of infected pigs. ASFV exhibits a complex genomic structure and encodes for more than 50 structural and 100 non-structural proteins and has 150 to 167 open reading frames (ORFs). While many of the proteins are non-essential for viral replication, they play crucial roles in mediating with the host to ensure longevity and transmission of virus in the host. The dynamic nature of ASFV research necessitates constant updates, with ongoing exploration of various genes and their functions, vaccine development, and other ASF-related domains. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the structural and functional roles of both newly discovered and previously recorded genes involved in distinct stages of ASFV infection and immunomodulation. Additionally, the review discusses the virulence genes and genes with unknown functions, and proposes future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhithya Venkateswaran
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anwesha Prakash
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roypim Suntisukwattana
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranya Atthaapa
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Industrial Pharmacies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hongyao Lin
- MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd., Singapore 718847, Singapore
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, 50/2 Kasetklang, Phahonyothin 45-15, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Shi Z, Yang X, Shi X, Zhang D, Zhao D, Hao Y, Yang J, Bie X, Yan W, Chen G, Chen L, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang K. Identification and verification of the role of key metabolites and metabolic pathways on ASFV replication. iScience 2024; 27:109345. [PMID: 38500823 PMCID: PMC10946325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection usually causes viremia within a few days. However, the metabolic changes in pig serum after ASFV infection remain unclear. In this study, serum samples collected from ASFV-infected pigs at different times were analyzed using pseudotargeted metabolomics method. Metabolomic analysis revealed the dopaminergic synapse pathway has the highest rich factor in both ASFV5 and ASFV10 groups. By disrupting the dopamine synaptic pathway, dopamine receptor antagonists inhibited ASFV replication and L-dopa promoted ASFV replication. In addition, guanosine, one of the top20 changed metabolites in both ASFV5 and ASFV10 groups suppressed the replication of ASFV. Taken together, this study revealed the changed serum metabolite profiles of ASFV-infected pigs at various times after infection and verified the effect of the changed metabolites and metabolic pathways on ASFV replication. These findings may contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of ASFV and the development of target drugs to control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dengshuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xintian Bie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Luan H, Wang S, Ju L, Liu T, Shi H, Ge S, Jiang S, Wu J, Peng J. KP177R-based visual assay integrating RPA and CRISPR/ Cas12a for the detection of African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358960. [PMID: 38655256 PMCID: PMC11035814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early detection of the virus in the environment or in infected pigs is a critical step to stop African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission. The p22 protein encoded by ASFV KP177R gene has been shown to have no effect on viral replication and virulence and can serve as a molecular marker for distinguishing field virus strains from future candidate KP177R deletion vaccine strains. Methods This study established an ASFV detection assay specific for the highly conserved ASFV KP177R gene based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the CRISPR/Cas12 reaction system. The KP177R gene served as the initial template for the RPA reaction to generate amplicons, which were recognized by guide RNA to activate the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a protein, thereby leading to non-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA as well as corresponding color reaction. The viral detection in this assay could be determined by visualizing the results of fluorescence or lateral flow dipstick (LFD) biotin blotting for color development, and was respectively referred to as fluorescein-labeled RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a and biotin-labeled LFD RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a. The clinical samples were simultaneously subjected to the aforementioned assay, while real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed as a control for determining the diagnostic concordance rate between both assays. Results The results showed that fluorescein- and biotin-labeled LFD KP177R RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assays specifically detected ASFV, did not cross-react with other swine pathogens including PCV2, PEDV, PDCoV, and PRV. The detection assay established in this study had a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.8 copies/μL, and both assays were completed in 30 min. The KP177R RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay demonstrated a diagnostic coincidence rate of 100% and a kappa value of 1.000 (p < 0.001), with six out of ten clinical samples testing positive for ASFV using both KP177R RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a and RT-qPCR, while four samples tested negative in both assays. Discussion The rapid, sensitive and visual detection assay for ASFV developed in this study is suitable for field application in swine farms, particularly for future differentiation of field virus strains from candidate KP177R gene-deleted ASFV vaccines, which may be a valuable screening tool for ASF eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Haoyue Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Shengqiang Ge
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
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Johnston CM, Olesen AS, Lohse L, le Maire Madsen A, Bøtner A, Belsham GJ, Rasmussen TB. A Deep Sequencing Strategy for Investigation of Virus Variants within African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Pigs. Pathogens 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38392892 PMCID: PMC10893071 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever, an economically important disease of pigs, often with a high case fatality rate. ASFV has demonstrated low genetic diversity among isolates collected within Eurasia. To explore the influence of viral variants on clinical outcomes and infection dynamics in pigs experimentally infected with ASFV, we have designed a deep sequencing strategy. The variant analysis revealed unique SNPs at <10% frequency in several infected pigs as well as some SNPs that were found in more than one pig. In addition, a deletion of 10,487 bp (resulting in the complete loss of 21 genes) was present at a nearly 100% frequency in the ASFV DNA from one pig at position 6362-16849. This deletion was also found to be present at low levels in the virus inoculum and in two other infected pigs. The current methodology can be used for the currently circulating Eurasian ASFVs and also adapted to other ASFV strains and genotypes. Comprehensive deep sequencing is critical for following ASFV molecular evolution, especially for the identification of modifications that affect virus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Melissa Johnston
- Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (A.S.O.); (L.L.); (A.l.M.M.)
| | - Ann Sofie Olesen
- Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (A.S.O.); (L.L.); (A.l.M.M.)
| | - Louise Lohse
- Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (A.S.O.); (L.L.); (A.l.M.M.)
| | - Agnete le Maire Madsen
- Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (A.S.O.); (L.L.); (A.l.M.M.)
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1353 København, Denmark
| | - Anette Bøtner
- Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.B.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Graham J. Belsham
- Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.B.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Thomas Bruun Rasmussen
- Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (A.S.O.); (L.L.); (A.l.M.M.)
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Shi LF, Ren H, Zhang B, Shi SY, Shao HC, Xing H, Zhao YY, Lin ZZ, Zhang Y, Han S, He WR, Zhang G, Wan B. Preparation and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus p22 protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128111. [PMID: 37979744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is now widespread in many countries and severely affects the commercial rearing of swine. Rapid and early diagnosis is crucial for the prevention of ASF. ASFV mature virions comprise the inner envelope protein, p22, making it an excellent candidate for the serological diagnosis and surveillance of ASF. In this study, the prokaryotic-expressed p22 recombinant protein was prepared and purified for immunization in mice. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were identified using hybridoma cell fusion, clone purification, and immunological assays. The epitopes of mAbs 14G1 and 22D8 were further defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Our results showed that amino acids C39, K40, V41, D42, C45, G48, E49, and C51 directly bound to 14G1, while the key amino acid epitope for 22D8 included K161, Y162, G163, D165, H166, I167, and I168. Homologous and structural analysis revealed that these sites were highly conserved across Asian and European ASFV strains, and the amino acids identified were located on the surface of p22. Thus, our study contributes to a better understanding of the antigenicity of the ASFV p22 protein, and the results could facilitate the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Fang Shi
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haojie Ren
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sai-Yan Shi
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han-Cheng Shao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hainan Xing
- Comprehensive service centers of Yilan Town, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Zhao Lin
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichong Han
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui He
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Longhu Laboratory, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bo Wan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Jung MC, Le VP, Yoon SW, Le TN, Trinh TBN, Kim HK, Kang JA, Lim JW, Yeom M, Na W, Nah JJ, Choi JD, Kang HE, Song D, Jeong DG. A Robust Quadruple Protein-Based Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies to African Swine Fever Virus in Pigs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2758. [PMID: 38004769 PMCID: PMC10672928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) emerged in domestic pigs and wild boars in China in 2018 and rapidly spread to neighboring Asian countries. Currently, no effective vaccine or diagnostic tests are available to prevent its spread. We developed a robust quadruple recombinant-protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QrP-iELISA) using four antigenic proteins (CD2v, CAP80, p54, and p22) to detect ASF virus (ASFV) antibodies and compared it with a commercial kit (IDvet) using ASFV-positive and -negative serum samples. The maximum positive/negative value was 24.033 at a single antigen concentration of 0.25 μg/mL and quadruple ASFV antigen combination of 1 μg/mL at a 1:100 serum dilution. Among 70 ASFV-positive samples, 65, 67, 65, 70, 70, and 14 were positive above the cut-offs of 0.121, 0.121, 0.183, 0.065, 0.201, and 0.122, for CD2v, CAP80, p54, p22-iELISA, QrP-iELISA, and IDvet, respectively, with sensitivities of 92.9%, 95.7%, 92.9%, 100%, 100%, and 20%, respectively, all with 100% specificity. The antibody responses in QrP-iELISA and IDvet were similar in pigs infected with ASFV I. QrP-iELISA was more sensitive than IDvet for early antibody detection in pigs infected with ASFV II. These data provide a foundation for developing advanced ASF antibody detection kits critical for ASF surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.J.); (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.P.L.); (T.B.N.T.)
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Thi Ngoc Le
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.J.); (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.P.L.); (T.B.N.T.)
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.J.); (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.N.); (J.-D.C.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Ji-Da Choi
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.N.); (J.-D.C.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.N.); (J.-D.C.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.J.); (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Ramirez-Medina E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Rai A, Espinoza N, Valladares A, Silva E, Burton L, Spinard E, Meyers A, Risatti G, Calvelage S, Blome S, Gladue DP, Borca MV. Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene O174L from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate. Viruses 2023; 15:2134. [PMID: 37896911 PMCID: PMC10612027 DOI: 10.3390/v15102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, which causes African swine fever (ASF), a contagious disease affecting swine. ASF is currently affecting pork production in a large geographical region, including Eurasia and the Caribbean. ASFV has a large genome, which harbors more than 160 genes, but most of these genes' functions have not been experimentally characterized. One of these genes is the O174L gene which has been experimentally shown to function as a small DNA polymerase. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the O174L gene from the genome of the virulent strain ASFV Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) does not significantly affect virus replication in vitro or in vivo. A recombinant virus, having deleted the O174L gene, ASFV-G-∆O174L, was developed to study the effect of the O174L protein in replication in swine macrophages cultures in vitro and disease production when inoculated in pigs. The results demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆O174L has similar replication kinetics to parental ASFV-G in swine macrophage cultures. In addition, animals intramuscularly inoculated with 102 HAD50 of ASFV-G-∆O174L presented a clinical form of the disease that is indistinguishable from that induced by the parental virulent strain ASFV-G. All animals developed a lethal disease, being euthanized around day 7 post-infection. Therefore, although O174L is a well-characterized DNA polymerase, its function is apparently not critical for the process of virus replication, both in vitro and in vivo, or for disease production in domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Leeanna Burton
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Amanda Meyers
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Guillermo Risatti
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandra Blome
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (L.V.-S.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (E.S.); (A.M.)
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8
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Le VP, Ahn MJ, Kim JS, Jung MC, Yoon SW, Trinh TBN, Le TN, Kim HK, Kang JA, Lim JW, Yeom M, Na W, Xie X, Feng Z, Song D, Jeong DG. A Whole-Genome Analysis of the African Swine Fever Virus That Circulated during the First Outbreak in Vietnam in 2019 and Subsequently in 2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1945. [PMID: 37766351 PMCID: PMC10537361 DOI: 10.3390/v15091945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial report in Vietnam in early 2019, the African swine fever (ASF), a highly lethal and severe viral swine disease worldwide, continues to cause outbreaks in other Southeast Asian countries. This study analyzed and compared the genomic sequences of ASF viruses (ASFVs) during the first outbreak in Hung Yen (VN/HY/2019-ASFV1) and Quynh Phu provinces (VN/QP/2019-ASFV1) in Vietnam in 2019, and the subsequent outbreak in Hung Yen (VN/HY/2022-ASFV2) in 2022, to those of other ASFV strains. VN/HY/2019-ASFV1, VN/QP/2019-ASFV1, and VN/HY/2022-ASFV2 genomes were 189,113, 189,081, and 189,607 bp in length, encoding 196, 196, and 203 open reading frames (ORFs), respectively. VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 and VN/QP/2019-ASFV1 shared a 99.91-99.99% average nucleotide identity with genotype II strains. Variations were identified in 28 ORFs in VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 and VN/QP/2019-ASFV1 compared to 20 ASFV strains, and 16 ORFs in VN/HY/2022-ASFV2 compared to VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 and VN/QP/2019-ASFV1. Vietnamese ASFV genomes were classified as IGR II variants between the I73R and I329L genes, with two copy tandem repeats between the A179L and A137R genes. A phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genomes of 27 ASFV strains indicated that the Vietnamese ASFV strains are genetically related to Estonia 2014, ASFV-SY18, and Russia/Odintsovo_02/14. These results reveal the complete genome sequences of ASFV circulating during the first outbreak in 2019, providing important insights into understanding the evolution, transmission, and genetic variation of ASFV in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.P.L.); (T.B.N.T.)
| | - Min-Ju Ahn
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.A.); (M.-C.J.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Chul Jung
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.A.); (M.-C.J.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.P.L.); (T.B.N.T.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Le
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.A.); (M.-C.J.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.)
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.A.); (M.-C.J.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (T.N.L.); (J.-A.K.)
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9
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Ramirez-Medina E, Rai A, Espinoza N, Valladares A, Silva E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Deletion of the H240R Gene in African Swine Fever Virus Partially Reduces Virus Virulence in Swine. Viruses 2023; 15:1477. [PMID: 37515164 PMCID: PMC10384018 DOI: 10.3390/v15071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease that affects wild and domestic swine. Currently, the disease is present as a pandemic affecting pork production in Eurasia and the Caribbean region. The etiological agent of ASF is a large, highly complex structural virus (ASFV) harboring a double-stranded genome encoding for more than 160 proteins whose functions, in most cases, have not been experimentally characterized. We show here that deletion of the ASFV gene H240R from the genome of the highly virulent ASFV-Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) isolate partially decreases virus virulence when experimentally inoculated in domestic swine. ASFV-G-∆H240R, a recombinant virus harboring the deletion of the H240R gene, was produced to evaluate the function of the gene in the development of disease in pigs. While all animals intramuscularly inoculated with 102 HAD50 of ASFV-G developed a fatal form of the disease, forty percent of pigs receiving a similar dose of ASFV-G-∆H240R survived the infection, remaining healthy during the 28-day observational period, and the remaining sixty percent developed a protracted but fatal form of the disease compared to that induced by ASFV-G. Additionally, all animals inoculated with ASFV-G-∆H240R presented protracted viremias with reduced virus titers when compared with those found in animals inoculated with ASFV-G. Animals surviving infection with ASFV-G-∆H240R developed a strong virus-specific antibody response and were protected against the challenge of the virulent parental ASFV-G.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | | | - Manuel V Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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10
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Li J, Jiao J, Liu N, Ren S, Zeng H, Peng J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Liu F, Lv T, Chen Z, Sun W, Hrabchenko N, Yu J, Wu J. Novel p22 and p30 dual-proteins combination based indirect ELISA for detecting antibodies against African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1093440. [PMID: 36846265 PMCID: PMC9950402 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1093440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is one of the most complex and fatal hemorrhagic viral diseases, causing a devastating loss to the swine industry. Since no effective vaccine is available, prevention and control of ASFV heavily depends on early diagnostic detection. Methods In this study, a novel indirect ELISA was established for detecting antibodies against ASFV using dual-proteins, p22 and p30. Recombinants p22 and p30 were expressed and purified from E.coli vector system by recombined plasmids pET-KP177R and pET-CP204L. p22 and p30 were mixed as antigens for developing the indirect ELISA. Results Through optimizing coating concentrations of p30 and p22, coating ratio (p30: p22 = 1:3), and serum dilution (as 1:600), the established ELISA performed higher specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability against ASFV-positive serum. Furthermore, 184 clinical serum samples from suspected diseased pigs were verified the established ELISA in clinical diagnosis. The results showed that compared with two commercial ELISA kits, the established ELISA possessed higher sensitivity and almost uniform coincidence rate. Conclusion The novel indirect ELISA based on dual-proteins p30 and p22 performed a valuable role in diagnostic detection of ASFV, providing a broad insight into serological diagnostic methods of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lihui Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Jiang Yu ✉
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jiaqiang Wu ✉
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11
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Deletion of an African Swine Fever Virus ATP-Dependent RNA Helicase QP509L from the Highly Virulent Georgia 2010 Strain Does Not Affect Replication or Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112548. [PMID: 36423157 PMCID: PMC9694930 DOI: 10.3390/v14112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) produces a lethal disease (ASF) in domestic pigs, which is currently causing a pandemic deteriorating pig production across Eurasia. ASFV is a large and structurally complex virus with a large genome harboring more than 150 genes. ASFV gene QP509L has been shown to encode for an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, which appears to be important for efficient virus replication. Here, we report the development of a recombinant virus, ASFV-G-∆QP509L, having deleted the QP509L gene in the highly virulent field isolate ASFV Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G). It is shown that ASFV-G-∆QP509L replicates in primary swine macrophage cultures as efficiently as the parental virus ASFV-G. In addition, the experimental inoculation of pigs with 102 HAD50 by the intramuscular route produced a slightly protracted but lethal clinical disease when compared to that of animals inoculated with virulent parental ASFV-G. Viremia titers in animals infected with ASFV-G-∆QP509L also had slightly protracted kinetics of presentation. Therefore, ASFV gene QP509L is not critical for the processes of virus replication in swine macrophages, nor is it clearly involved in virus replication and virulence in domestic pigs.
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12
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Sequential Deletions of Interferon Inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R Result in Sterile Immunity against the Eurasia Strain of Africa Swine Fever. J Virol 2022; 96:e0119222. [PMID: 36197109 PMCID: PMC9599437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01192-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in pigs worldwide. The lack of vaccines or therapeutic options warrants urgent further investigation. To this aim, we developed a rationally designed live attenuated ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R mutant based on the highly pathogenic Genotype II ASFV CN/GS/2018 backbone by deleting 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R. The mutant was slightly attenuated in vitro compared to parental ASFV but highly tolerant to genetic modifications even after 30 successive passages in vitro. Groups of 5 pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with increasing doses of the mutant, ranging from 103 to 106 hemadsorption units (HAD50). Thirty-five days later, all groups were challenged with 102 HAD50 of virulent parental ASFV. All the animals were clinically normal and devoid of clinical signs consistent with ASFV at the period of inoculation. In the virulent challenge, 2 animals from 103 HAD50-inoculated group and 1 animal from 104 HAD50-inoculated group were unprotected with severe postmortem and histological lesions. The rest of animals survived and manifested with relatively normal clinical appearance accompanied by tangible histological improvements in the extent of tissue damage. Meanwhile, antibody response, as represented by p30-specific antibody titers was positively correlated to protective efficacy, potentializing its usage as an indicator of protection. Moreover, compared to 1 dose, 2 doses provided additional protection, proving that 2 doses were better than 1 dose. The sufficiency in effectiveness supports the claim that our attenuated mutant may be a viable vaccine option with which to fight ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a causative agent of acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine which is associated with significant economic losses in the pig industry. The lack of vaccines or treatment options requires urgent further investigation. ASFV MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R, 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors, were associated with viral virulence, host range, and immune modulation. In this study, a recombinant two-gene deletion ASFV mutant with deletion of MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R was constructed. The result showed that the mutant was safe, and also highly resistant to genetic modification even after 30 successive passages. High doses of our mutant (105 and 106 HAD50) provided sterile immunity and complete protection in a virulent challenge. Two doses were superior to 1 dose and provided additional protection. This study develops a new ASFV-specific live attenuated vaccine and may be a viable vaccine option against ASF.
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13
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Wöhnke E, Cackett G, Werner F, Blome S, Mettenleiter TC, Karger A. Proteome Analysis of Swine Macrophages after Infection with Two Genotype II African Swine Fever Isolates of Different Pathogenicity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102140. [PMID: 36298696 PMCID: PMC9607119 DOI: 10.3390/v14102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of a highly pathogenic genotype II isolate of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) into Georgia in 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has gone panzootic. Outbreaks have been reported in Europe, Asia and, more recently, Latin America. Thus, ASFV has become a major threat to the pig industry worldwide, as broadly applicable vaccines are not available. While the majority of ASFV strains show high virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar, variations within the ASFV genome have resulted in the emergence of attenuated strains with low or moderate virulence. However, the molecular basis of the differences in virulence has not yet been discovered. To reveal virulence-associated protein expression patterns, we analysed the proteomes of the natural target cells of ASFV, primary porcine macrophages, after infection with two genotype II ASFV strains displaying high (Armenia 2008) and moderate (Estonia 2014) virulence using quantitative mass spectrometry. Very similar expression patterns were observed for the viral genes, and any differences were limited to the deletions within the Estonia 2014 genome. In addition to the canonical ASFV proteins, twelve novel protein products from recently described transcripts were confirmed in both isolates. Pathway analyses showed that both isolates evoked a similar host proteome response, despite their difference in virulence. However, subtle differences in the manipulation of the proteins involved in the proinflammatory response mediated by the MAPK14/p38 signalling cascade were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wöhnke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gwenny Cackett
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Finn Werner
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1247
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14
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Examination of immunogenic properties of recombinant antigens based on p22 protein from African swine fever virus. J Vet Res 2022; 66:297-304. [PMID: 36349136 PMCID: PMC9597933 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The single member of the Asfarviridae family is African swine fever virus (ASFV). This double-stranded DNA virus infects wild and farmed swine and loses the pig industry large sums of money. An inner envelope, capsid, and outer envelope are parts of the ASFV particle containing structural proteins playing different roles in the process of infection or host immune defence evasion. When expressed by the baculovirus system, the p22 protein from the inner envelope was found to induce partial protection against a virulent virus strain. This study aimed to express a part of this protein in a different system and evaluate its immunogenicity.
Material and Methods
We designed two proteins, the extracellular (C terminal) part of the p22 protein (p22Ct) and its fusion with the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit from Escherichia coli (LTB-p22Ct), which is supposed to be a potent enhancer of the immune response. Both proteins were produced in the E. coli expression system and subsequently used for mice immunisation to analyse their safety and immunogenicity.
Results
The protein fused with LTB did not show the expected adjuvant properties and did not prove safe, because abscess formation was observed after immunisation. In contrast, immunisation with the p22Ct protein alone induced a higher antibody titre but caused no adverse symptoms.
Conclusion
These results show the high potential of the p22Ct region as an immunogenic protein for ASFV serological detection purposes.
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15
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Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Li X, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1255. [PMID: 36013434 PMCID: PMC9409812 DOI: 10.3390/life12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.F.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (H.D.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Vuono EA, Ramirez-Medina E, Pruitt S, Rai A, Espinoza N, Spinard E, Valladares A, Silva E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Deletion of the EP296R Gene from the Genome of Highly Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Georgia 2010 Does Not Affect Virus Replication or Virulence in Domestic Pigs. Viruses 2022; 14:1682. [PMID: 36016304 PMCID: PMC9415450 DOI: 10.3390/v14081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal disease (ASF) in domestic pigs, African swine fever (ASF). ASF is currently producing a pandemic affecting pig production across Eurasia, leading to a shortage of food accessibility. ASFV is structurally complex, harboring a large genome encoding over 150 genes. One of them, EP296R, has been shown to encode for an endonuclease that is necessary for the efficient replication of the virus in swine macrophages, the natural ASFV target cell. Here, we report the development of a recombinant virus, ASFV-G-∆EP296R, harboring the deletion of the EP296R gene from the genome of the highly virulent field isolate ASFV Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G). The recombinant ASFV-G-∆EP296R replicates in primary swine macrophages with similar kinetics as the parental virus ASFV-G. Pigs experimentally infected by the intramuscular route with 102 HAD50 show a slightly protracted, although lethal, presentation of the disease when compared to that of animals inoculated with parental ASFV-G. Viremia titers in the ASFV-G-∆EP296R-infected animals closely followed the kinetics of presentation of clinical disease. Results presented here demonstrate that ASFV-G-∆EP296R is not essential for the processes of ASFV replication in swine macrophages, nor is it radically involved in the process of virus replication or disease production in domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Vuono
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Oxford, MS 39762, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Sarah Pruitt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, New York, NY 11944, USA; (E.A.V.); (E.R.-M.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
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17
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Ramirez-Medina E, Vuono EA, Pruitt S, Rai A, Espinoza N, Valladares A, Silva E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus Histone-like Protein, A104R from the Georgia Isolate Drastically Reduces Virus Virulence in Domestic Pigs. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051112. [PMID: 35632853 PMCID: PMC9146580 DOI: 10.3390/v14051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a frequently lethal disease, ASF, affecting domestic and wild swine. Currently, ASF is causing a pandemic affecting pig production in Eurasia. There are no vaccines available, and therefore control of the disease is based on culling infected animals. We report here that deletion of the ASFV gene A104R, a virus histone-like protein, from the genome of the highly virulent ASFV-Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) strain induces a clear decrease in virus virulence when experimentally inoculated in domestic swine. A recombinant virus lacking the A104R gene, ASFV-G-∆A104R, was developed to assess the role of the A104R gene in disease production in swine. Domestic pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with 102 HAD50 of ASFV-G-∆A104R, and compared with animals that received a similar dose of virulent ASFV-G. While all ASFV-G inoculated animals developed a fatal form of the disease, animals receiving ASFV-G-∆A104R survived the challenge, remaining healthy during the 28-day observational period, with the exception of only one showing a protracted but fatal form of the disease. ASFV-G-∆A104R surviving animals presented protracted viremias with reduced virus titers when compared with those found in animals inoculated with ASFV-G, and all of them developed a strong virus-specific antibody response. This is the first report demonstrating that the A104R gene is involved in ASFV virulence in domestic swine, suggesting that A104R deletion may be used to increase the safety profile of currently experimental vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Vuono
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Sarah Pruitt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (E.R.-M.); (E.A.V.); (S.P.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (A.V.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (D.P.G.)
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18
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Gladue DP, Borca MV. Recombinant ASF Live Attenuated Virus Strains as Experimental Vaccine Candidates. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050878. [PMID: 35632620 PMCID: PMC9146452 DOI: 10.3390/v14050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is causing a pandemic affecting swine in a large geographical area of the Eastern Hemisphere, from Central Europe to East and Southeast Asia, and recently in the Americas, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The etiological agent, ASF virus (ASFV), infects both domestic and wild swine and produces a variety of clinical presentations depending on the virus strain and the genetics of the pigs infected. No commercial vaccines are currently available, although experimental recombinant live attenuated vaccine candidates have been shown to be efficacious in protecting animals against disease when challenged with homologous virulent strains. This review attempts to systematically provide an overview of all the live attenuated strains that have been shown to be experimental vaccine candidates. Moreover, it aims to analyze the development of these vaccine candidates, obtained by deleting specific genes or group of genes, and their efficacy in preventing virus infection and clinical disease after being challenged with virulent isolates. This report summarizes all the experimental vaccine strains that have shown promise against the contemporary pandemic strain of African swine fever.
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19
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Novel P22-monoclonal antibody based blocking ELISA for the detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Deletion of the A137R Gene from the Pandemic Strain of African Swine Fever Virus Attenuates the Strain and Offers Protection against the Virulent Pandemic Virus. J Virol 2021; 95:e0113921. [PMID: 34406865 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01139-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is causing a devastating pandemic in domestic and wild swine within an extended geographical area from Central Europe to East Asia, resulting in economic losses for the regional swine industry. There are no commercial vaccines; therefore, disease control relies on identification and culling of infected animals. We report here that the deletion of the ASFV gene A137R from the highly virulent ASFV-Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) isolate induces a significant attenuation of virus virulence in swine. A recombinant virus lacking the A137R gene, ASFV-G-ΔA137R, was developed to assess the role of this gene in ASFV virulence in domestic swine. Animals inoculated intramuscularly with 102 50% hemadsorption doses (HAD50) of ASFV-G-ΔA137R remained clinically healthy during the 28-day observational period. All animals inoculated with ASFV-G-ΔA137R had medium to high viremia titers and developed a strong virus-specific antibody response. Importantly, all ASFV-G-ΔA137R-inoculated animals were protected when challenged with the virulent parental strain ASFV-G. No evidence of replication of challenge virus was observed in the ASFV-G-ΔA137R-inoculated animals. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔA137R is a novel potential live attenuated vaccine candidate and one of the few experimental vaccine strains reported to induce protection against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia virus that is the cause of the current Eurasian pandemic. IMPORTANCE No commercial vaccine is available to prevent African swine fever. The ASF pandemic caused by ASFV Georgia2007 strain (ASFV-G) is seriously affecting pork production in a contiguous area from Central Europe to East Asia. Here we report the rational development of a potential live attenuated vaccine strain by deleting a virus-specific gene, A137R, from the genome of ASFV-G. The resulting virus presented a completely attenuated phenotype and, importantly, animals infected with this genetically modified virus were protected from developing ASF after challenge with the virulent parental virus. ASFV-G-ΔA137R confers protection even at low doses (102 HAD50), demonstrating its potential as a vaccine candidate. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔA137R is a novel experimental ASF vaccine protecting pigs from the epidemiologically relevant ASFV Georgia isolate.
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21
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Zhu X, Fan B, Zhou J, Wang D, Fan H, Li B. A High-Throughput Method to Analyze the Interaction Proteins With p22 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus In Vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:719859. [PMID: 34552974 PMCID: PMC8450437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.719859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been identified as the agent of African swine fever, resulting in a mortality rate of nearly 100% in domestic pigs worldwide. Protein p22 encoded by gene KP177R has been reported to be localized at the inner envelope of the virus, while the function of p22 remains unclear. In this study, p22 interacting proteins of the host were identified by a high-throughput method and analyzed by Gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; numerous cellular proteins in 293-T that interacted with p22 protein were identified. These interacting proteins were related to the biological processes of binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, etc. At the same time, the interacted proteins participated in several KEGG pathways like ribosome, spliceosome, etc. The key proteins in the protein-protein interaction network were closely related to actin filament organization and movement, resulting in affecting the process of phagocytosis and endocytosis. A large number of proteins that interacted with p22 were identified, providing a large database, which should be very useful to elucidate the function of p22 in the near future, laying the foundation for elucidating the mechanism of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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