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Huang Q, Yang X, Zhao X, Han X, Sun S, Xu C, Cui N, Lu M. Co-infection of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus and QX genotype live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus increase the pathogenicity in SPF chickens. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110163. [PMID: 38959807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and vaccination against live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (aIBV) are frequent in poultry worldwide. Here, we evaluated the clinical effect of H9N2 subtype AIV and QX genotype aIBV co-infection in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens and explored the potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects using by 4D-FastDIA-based proteomics. The results showed that co-infection of H9N2 AIV and QX aIBV increased mortality and suppressed the growth of SPF chickens. In particular, severe lesions in the kidneys and slight respiratory signs similar to the symptoms of virulent QX IBV infection were observed in some co-infected chickens, with no such clinical signs observed in single-infected chickens. The replication of H9N2 AIV was significantly enhanced in both the trachea and kidneys, whereas there was only a slight effect on the replication of the QX aIBV. Proteomics analysis showed that the IL-17 signaling pathway was one of the unique pathways enriched in co-infected chickens compared to single infected-chickens. A series of metabolism and immune response-related pathways linked with co-infection were also significantly enriched. Moreover, co-infection of the two pathogens resulted in the enrichment of the negative regulation of telomerase activity. Collectively, our study supports the synergistic effect of the two pathogens, and pointed out that aIBV vaccines might increased IBV-associated lesions due to pathogenic co-infections. Exacerbation of the pathogenicity and mortality in H9N2 AIV and QX aIBV co-infected chickens possibly occurred because of an increase in H9N2 AIV replication, the regulation of telomerase activity, and the disturbance of cell metabolism and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shouli Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Chuantian Xu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Ning Cui
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China.
| | - Mei Lu
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China.
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Thomrongsuwannakij T, Phu DH, Chansiripornchai N. Evaluation of the efficacy of commercial live vaccines against the local Thai QX field strain for the protection of specific pathogen-free chicks. Vet World 2024; 17:771-777. [PMID: 38798293 PMCID: PMC11111713 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.771-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The high prevalence of QX-like variant among Thai isolates poses a significant threat to poultry production. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of commercially available heterologous infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines against the local Thai QX-like strain in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks from Thailand. Materials and Methods The experiment involved 100 SPF chicks divided into 4 arms. Arms I and II received the TAbic IB VAR (233A) and Ibird (1/96) vaccines, respectively, on day 1. After 10 days, both arms received the H120 vaccine. Arms III and IV were non-vaccinated positive and negative controls. Challenge infection was local Thai QX-like virus on birds of Arms I, II, and III, and negative control of Arm IV. Clinical signs of infectious bronchitis (IB) and IBV detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were assessed at 2, 4, and 6 days post-challenge (dpc). At 6 dpc, the birds were humanely euthanized for post-mortem examination with the ciliostasis test and histopathological analysis of the tracheas, lungs, and kidneys. Results Virus shedding started at 4 dpc (33.3% positive) and reached 100% positivity at 6 dpc with obvious clinical respiratory symptoms in non-vaccinated-challenged birds. No detection of IBV in vaccinated-challenged arms. Ciliary activity scores were significantly lower in non-vaccinated-challenged birds at 23.64 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.74) and 96.50 (SD ± 1.91) and 95.64 (SD ± 1.77), respectively (p = 0.05) than in vaccinated-challenged birds. The most remarkable histopathological changes were observed in non-vaccinated-challenged birds, with moderately severe changes in the trachea, lungs, and kidneys. On the other hand, birds in vaccinated-challenged arms showed no significant changes. Conclusion This study demonstrated the efficacy of TAbic IB VAR (233A) or Ibird (1/96) vaccine combined with a Massachusetts serotype vaccine (H120) against the local Thai QX-like strain in SPF chicks, contributing valuable insights to the selection of suitable commercially available vaccines to combat the prevalent local QX-like strains in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Doan Hoang Phu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Le HD, Thai TN, Kim JK, Song HS, Her M, Tran XT, Kim JY, Kim HR. An Amplicon-Based Application for the Whole-Genome Sequencing of GI-19 Lineage Infectious Bronchitis Virus Directly from Clinical Samples. Viruses 2024; 16:515. [PMID: 38675858 PMCID: PMC11054852 DOI: 10.3390/v16040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. IBV exhibits a high mutation rate, resulting in the continuous emergence of new variants and strains. A complete genome analysis of IBV is crucial for understanding its characteristics. However, it is challenging to obtain whole-genome sequences from IBV-infected clinical samples due to the low abundance of IBV relative to the host genome. Here, we present a novel approach employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to directly sequence the complete genome of IBV. Through in silico analysis, six primer pairs were designed to match various genotypes, including the GI-19 lineage of IBV. The primer sets successfully amplified six overlapping fragments by long-range PCR and the size of the amplicons ranged from 3.7 to 6.4 kb, resulting in full coverage of the IBV genome. Furthermore, utilizing Illumina sequencing, we obtained the complete genome sequences of two strains belonging to the GI-19 lineage (QX genotype) from clinical samples, with 100% coverage rates, over 1000 × mean depth coverage, and a high percentage of mapped reads to the reference genomes (96.63% and 97.66%). The reported method significantly improves the whole-genome sequencing of IBVs from clinical samples; thus, it can improve understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Duc Le
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11300, Vietnam;
| | - Tuyet Ngan Thai
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jae-Kyeom Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hye-Soon Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Moon Her
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Xuan Thach Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11300, Vietnam;
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.D.L.); (T.N.T.); (J.-K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (M.H.)
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Kim DW, Kim JY, Lee DW, Lee HC, Song CS, Lee DH, Kwon JH. Detection of multiple recombinations of avian coronavirus in South Korea by whole-genome analysis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 118:105565. [PMID: 38309607 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, has caused considerable damage to the poultry industry. In Korea, indigenous KM91-like and newly introduced QX-like lineages belonging to the GI-19 lineage have been prevalent despite constant vaccination. In this study, complete genome sequences of 23 IBV isolates in Korea from 2010 to 2020 were obtained using next-generation sequencing, and their phylogenetic relationship and recombination events were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene showed that all isolates belonged to the GI-19 lineage and were divided into five subgroups (KM91-like, K40/09-like, and QX-like II to IV). Among the 23 isolates, 14 recombinants were found, including frequent recombination between KM91-like and QX-like strains. In addition, it was observed that other lineages, such as GI-1, GI-13, and GI-16, were involved in recombination. Most recombination breakpoints were detected in the ORF1ab gene, particularly nsp3. However, when considering the size of each genome, recombination occurred more frequently in the 3a, E and 5a genes. Taken together, genetic recombination frequently occurred throughout the entire genome between various IBV strains in Korea, including live attenuated vaccine strain. Our study suggests the necessity of further research on the contribution of recombination of genomes outside the spike region to the biological characteristics of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Chae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Rafique S, Jabeen Z, Pervaiz T, Rashid F, Luo S, Xie L, Xie Z. Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1325346. [PMID: 38375362 PMCID: PMC10875066 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1325346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus responsible for substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide by causing a highly contagious respiratory disease. The virus can spread quickly through contact, contaminated equipment, aerosols, and personal-to-person contact. We highlight the prevalence and geographic distribution of all nine genotypes, as well as the relevant symptoms and economic impact, by extensively analyzing the current literature. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was performed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-6), which provided insights into the global molecular diversity and evolution of IBV strains. This review highlights that IBV genotype I (GI) is prevalent worldwide because sporadic cases have been found on many continents. Conversely, GII was identified as a European strain that subsequently dispersed throughout Europe and South America. GIII and GV are predominant in Australia, with very few reports from Asia. GIV, GVIII, and GIX originate from North America. GIV was found to circulate in Asia, and GVII was identified in Europe and China. Geographically, the GVI-1 lineage is thought to be restricted to Asia. This review highlights that IBV still often arises in commercial chicken flocks despite immunization and biosecurity measures because of the ongoing introduction of novel IBV variants and inadequate cross-protection provided by the presently available vaccines. Consequently, IB consistently jeopardizes the ability of the poultry industry to grow and prosper. Identifying these domains will aid in discerning the pathogenicity and prevalence of IBV genotypes, potentially enhancing disease prevention and management tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rafique
- SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra Jabeen
- SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Treeza Pervaiz
- SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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Hong SM, Kim SJ, An SH, Kim J, Ha EJ, Kim H, Kwon HJ, Choi KS. Receptor binding motif surrounding sites in the spike 1 protein of infectious bronchitis virus have high susceptibility to mutation related to selective pressure. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e51. [PMID: 37532296 PMCID: PMC10404704 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, various genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have co-circulated and in Korea, GI-15 and GI-19 lineages were prevailing. The spike protein, particularly S1 subunit, is responsible for receptor binding, contains hypervariable regions and is also responsible for the emerging of novel variants. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the putative major amino acid substitutions for the variants in GI-19. METHODS The S1 sequence data of IBV isolated from 1986 to 2021 in Korea (n = 188) were analyzed. Sequence alignments were carried out using Multiple alignment using Fast Fourier Transform of Geneious prime. The phylogenetic tree was generated using MEGA-11 (ver. 11.0.10) and Bayesian analysis was performed by BEAST v1.10.4. Selective pressure was analyzed via online server Datamonkey. Highlights and visualization of putative critical amino acid were conducted by using PyMol software (version 2.3). RESULTS Most (93.5%) belonged to the GI-19 lineage in Korea, and the GI-19 lineage was further divided into seven subgroups: KM91-like (Clade A and B), K40/09-like, QX-like (I-IV). Positive selection was identified at nine and six residues in S1 for KM91-like and QX-like IBVs, respectively. In addition, several positive selection sites of S1-NTD were indicated to have mutations at common locations even when new clades were generated. They were all located on the lateral surface of the quaternary structure of the S1 subunits in close proximity to the receptor-binding motif (RBM), putative RBM motif and neutralizing antigenic sites in S1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest RBM surrounding sites in the S1 subunit of IBV are highly susceptible to mutation by selective pressure during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jiye Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Howon Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Kim HJ, Lee HC, Cho AY, Choi YJ, Lee H, Lee DH, Song CS. Novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses from chickens in Korea, 2019-2021. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1107059. [PMID: 36816194 PMCID: PMC9931148 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has evolved through various mutation mechanisms, including antigenic drift and recombination. Four genotypic lineages of IBVs including GI-15, GI-16, GI-19, and GVI-1 have been reported in Korea. In this study, we isolated two IBVs from chicken farms, designated IBV/Korea/289/2019 (K289/19) and IBV/Korea/163/2021 (K163/21), which are two distinct natural recombinant viruses most likely produced by genetic reassortment between the S1 gene of K40/09 strain (GI-19 lineage) and IBV/Korea/48/2020 (GI-15 lineage) in co-infected commercial chickens. Comparative sequence analysis of hypervariable regions (HVRs) revealed that the K289/19 virus had similar HVR I and II with the K40/09 virus (100% and 99.2% nucleotide sequence identity, respectively), and HVR III with the IBV/Korea/48/2020 virus (100% nucleotide sequence identity). In contrast, the K163/21 virus had HVR I and II similar to the IBV/Korea/48/2020 virus (99.1% and 99.3% nucleotide sequence identity, respectively), and HVR III to the K40/09 virus (96.6% nucleotide sequence identity). The K289/19 virus exhibited similar histopathologic lesions, tissue tropism in trachea and kidney, and antigenicity with the parental K40/09 virus. The K163/21 exhibited similar pathogenicity and tissue tropism with the K40/09 virus, which were similar results with the isolate K289/19. However, it showed a lower antigenic relatedness with both parental strains, exhibiting R-value of 25 and 42, respectively. The continued emergence of the novel reassortant IBVs suggests that multiple recombination events have occurred between different genotypes within Korea. These results suggest that antigenic profiles could be altered through natural recombination in the field, complicating the antigenic match of vaccine strains to field strains. Enhanced surveillance and research into the characteristics of newly emerging IBVs should be carried out to establish effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Andrew Y. Cho
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Dong-Hun Lee ✉
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,KHAV Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea,Chang-Seon Song ✉
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Xiang X, Lv J, Dong M, Li N, Li Y, Wang A, Shen Y, Li S, Xu J, Cui M, Han X, Xia J, Huang Y. Radix Isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) resists the infection of QX-type infectious bronchitis virus via the MDA5/TLR3/IRF7 signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102534. [PMID: 36796247 PMCID: PMC9958488 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines play a major role in the prevention of infectious bronchitis (IB), Anti-IB drugs still have great potential in poultry production. Radix Isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) is a crude extract of Banlangen with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and multiple immunomodulatory functions. The aim of this study was to explore the innate immune mechanisms responsible for RIP-mediated alleviation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)-induced kidney lesions in chickens. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken and chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells cultures were pretreated with RIP and then infected with the QX-type IBV strain, Sczy3. Morbidity, mortality, and tissue mean lesion scores were calculated for IBV-infected chickens, and the viral loads, inflammatory factor gene mRNA expression levels, and innate immune pathway gene mRNA expression levels in infected chickens and CEK cell cultures were determined. The results show that RIP could alleviate IBV-induced kidney damage, decrease CEK cells susceptibility to IBV infection, and reduce viral loads. Additionally, RIP reduced the mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β by decreasing the mRNA expression level of NF-κB. Conversely, the expression levels of MDA5, TLR3, STING, Myd88, IRF7, and IFN-β were increased, indicating that RIP conferred resistance to QX-type IBV infection via the MDA5, TLR3, IRF7 signaling pathway. These results provide a reference for both further research into the antiviral mechanisms of RIP and the development of preventative and therapeutic drugs for IB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Jung JS, Lee R, Yoon SI, Lee GS, Sung HW, Kwon HM, Park J. Genetic and immunological characterization of commercial infectious bronchitis virus vaccines used in Korea. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2123-2132. [PMID: 35816229 PMCID: PMC9272870 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic and immunogenic features of commercial vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is a major contagious pathogen of poultry. Although numerous vaccines have been developed based on the genetic characteristics of field strains, the continual emergence of variants decreases vaccine efficacy and cross-protection. To address this issue, we compared the S1 gene sequences of three IBV vaccines commercially available in Korea with those of various field isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the vaccine strains clustered into two different lineages. Comparison of commercial vaccines with their parental viruses showed that most of the genetic variability occurred around hypervariable regions (HVRs). Conversely, antigenic stimulation with commercial vaccines and regional IBV variants was not sufficient to alter major immune cell phenotypes. Our study suggests that vaccines should be selected carefully based on their genetic background because genetic variability can affect the antigenicity of vaccines and host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seung Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Jang I, Thai TN, Lee JI, Kwon YK, Kim HR. Nationwide Surveillance for Infectious Bronchitis Virus in South Korea from 2020 to 2021. Avian Dis 2022; 66:135-140. [PMID: 35510473 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major pathogen in poultry. The genotypes of IBV vary considerably, and their antigenicity may differ. Nationwide surveillance in South Korea was performed to determine the prevalence and distribution of IBV and its genotypes. By both active and passive surveillance, a total of 939 samples were collected and tested for IBV detection by pathogen-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR. IBV RNA-positive samples were inoculated in embryonated eggs for virus isolation. IBV was genotyped and analyzed phylogenetically based on a partial nucleotide sequence of the S1 gene. A total of 114 IBV strains were isolated; 34 (30.9%) of the 110 samples obtained by passive surveillance, and 80 (9.7%) of the 829 samples obtained by active surveillance, were positive. Most IBVs in both groups were isolated from broilers. Five genotypes (QX-like, B4-like, KM91-like, K40/09-like, and 20AD17-like) were observed in South Korea, with the QX-like genotype being the most common, and the 20AD17-like genotype being a novel genotype. These findings will help to maximize protection against IBV infection by providing a reference for the selection of an avian vaccine for IBV in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Jang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Ngan Thai
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea,
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11
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Zhang X, Yan K, Zhang C, Guo M, Chen S, Liao K, Bo Z, Cao Y, Wu Y. Pathogenicity comparison between QX-type and Mass-type infectious bronchitis virus to different segments of the oviducts in laying phase. Virol J 2022; 19:62. [PMID: 35392927 PMCID: PMC8991805 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The QX-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has become the predominant genotype worldwide in recent years and has caused serious economic losses to the chicken industry. The most significant feature of QX IBV is that its infection in the early growing stage can cause abnormal oviduct development, resulting in a high proportion of ‘false layers’ in poultry flocks of laying hens and breeders. However, few studies have evaluated whether infections of QX-type IBV in laying stages can also cause severe pathological changes in the oviduct.
Methods In this study, 300-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected either with the QX-type strain QXL or Massachusetts (Mass)-type strain M41 to compare their pathogenicity on different segments of the oviduct. Results Both the QXL and M41 strains successfully replicated in all segments of the oviduct; however, the QXL strain was more highly distributed in mucosal layer and caused severe lesions in the lamina propria, including interstitial dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and distinct expansion of tubular glands. Moreover, the QXL strain induced high expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules in the majority of segments in the oviduct. Further research found that the QXL strain may affected the formation of shell membranes and eggshells by inhibiting the expression of type I collagen and CaBP-D28k. Conclusions Our results indicate that the QX-type IBV is more pathogenic than Mass-type IBV to oviduct in laying phase. Collectively, these findings provide detailed information on the pathological changes in different segments of the oviduct in laying phase, which could offer a better understanding about the pathogenicity of IBV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01788-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongzhong Cao
- The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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