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Ordóñez-García M, Bustillos-Rodríguez JC, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Acosta-Muñiz CH, Salas-Marina MÁ, Cambero-Campos OJ, Estrada-Virgen MO, Morales-Ovando MA, Rios-Velasco C. Morphological, Biological, and Molecular Characterization of Type I Granuloviruses of Spodoptera frugiperda. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:917-928. [PMID: 38940947 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Granuloviruses (GVs) Betabaculovirus associated with the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), especially those of the type I, have scarcely been studied. These GVs might be an effective alternative for the biocontrol of this insect. In this study, the native GVs SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 were isolated from FAW larvae and characterized for morphology, molecular traits, and insecticidal activity. The elapsed time between symptomatic infection of larvae and stop feeding as well as the weight of larvae before death or prior to pupation were also evaluated. Both GVs had ovoid shape and a length of 0.4 µm. They had the same DNA restriction profiles and their genome sizes were about 126 kb. The symptomatic infection with the tested GVs mainly caused flaccidity of larva body and discoloration of integument. The integument lysis was only observed in 8% of infected larvae. Infected larvae gradually stopped feeding. Overall, these symptoms are characteristic of infections caused by type I GVs, which are known as monoorganotropic or slow-killing GVs. The median lethal dose (LD50) values for SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 isolates were 5.4 × 102 and 1.1 × 103 OBs/larva, respectively. The median lethal time (LT50) ranged from 17 to 24 days. LT50 values decreased as the viral dose was increased. The elapsed time from symptomatic infection until pupation and body weight of larvae (third instar) were higher with SfGV-CH28 than SfGV-CH13. Both granulovirus isolates were able to kill the FAW larvae from the 12th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Ordóñez-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Bustillos-Rodríguez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Villacorzo, Univ de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Alberto Morales-Ovando
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Nutrición y Alimentos, Univ de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Sede Acapetahua, Acapetahua, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Fallet P, Bazagwira D, Ruzzante L, Ingabire G, Levivier S, Bustos-Segura C, Kajuga J, Toepfer S, Turlings TCJ. Entomopathogenic nematodes as an effective and sustainable alternative to control the fall armyworm in Africa. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae122. [PMID: 38628598 PMCID: PMC11020222 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The recent invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), a voracious pest, into Africa and Asia has resulted in unprecedented increases in insecticide applications, especially in maize cultivation. The health and environmental hazards posed by these chemicals have prompted a call for alternative control practices. Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to the FAWs, but their application aboveground has been challenging. In this study, we report on season-long field trials with an innocuous biodegradable gel made from carboxymethyl cellulose containing local nematodes that we specifically developed to target the FAW. In several Rwandan maize fields with distinct climatic conditions and natural infestation rates, we compared armyworm presence and damage in control plots and plots that were treated with either our nematode gel formulation, a commercial liquid nematode formulation, or the commonly used contact insecticide cypermethrin. The treatments were applied to the whorl of each plant, which was repeated three to four times, at 2-week intervals, starting when the plants were still seedlings. Although all three treatments reduced leaf damage, only the gel formulation decreased caterpillar infestation by about 50% and yielded an additional ton of maize per hectare compared with untreated plots. Importantly, we believe that the use of nematodes can be cost-effective, since we used nematode doses across the whole season that were at least 3-fold lower than their normal application against belowground pests. The overall results imply that precisely formulated and easy-to-apply nematodes can be a highly effective, affordable, and sustainable alternative to insecticides for FAW control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fallet
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
| | - Didace Bazagwira
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Livio Ruzzante
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Ingabire
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Sacha Levivier
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Kajuga
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Stefan Toepfer
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1008641 Beijing, China
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Tao WC, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Deng XY, Zhang HL, Zhang ZH, Li Q, Jiang CX. Effects of the Host Plants of the Maize-Based Intercropping Systems on the Growth, Development and Preference of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:26. [PMID: 38249032 PMCID: PMC10816231 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of maize and its three intercropping plants, sweet potato, soybean and peanut, on the growth and development of FAW, feeding preference of larvae, olfactory response and oviposition preference of adults were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that maize and peanut were suitable for the survival and development of FAW, while sweet potato and soybean were not suitable for multigenerational reproduction. The larvae significantly preferred to feed on maize compared to the other three plants. The olfactory response test indicated that soybean showed a strong deterrent effect against FAW adults. Furthermore, the intercropping plants reduced the host selection rate of adults compared to maize alone. In two-choice tests of the maize vs. the intercropping plants, the female adult preferred to oviposit and lay more eggs on maize rather than on the intercropping plants. The intercropping plants significantly reduced the oviposition selection of FAW adults when the combination (maize + intercropping plant), especially soybean and sweet potato, was compared to maize alone. These may be the reasons for why the maize-soybean intercropping system reduced FAW damage in the field. We also speculated that the maize-sweet potato system may also reduce the FAW damage. This study provided a theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of FAW by utilizing an intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Xian Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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4
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Liang C, Meng S, Wang Y, Xie X, Zhang Z, Cheng D. Preparation and activity of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and Metarhizium rileyi ZHKUMR1 composite membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126858. [PMID: 37703964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the adhesion capability of Metarhizium rileyi ZHKUMR1 on leaves enabled by the combination with Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCNa) materials is feasible to improve the utilization rate of Metarhizium rileyi. Herein, the CMC-Na-ZHKUMR1 membrane was prepared by simply mixing Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCNa) with Metarhizium rileyi. Through compatibility test, it was found that the inhibition rates of spore germination and mycelial growth of ZHKUMR1 were only 1.51 % and 3.13 % when the concentration of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCNa) was 0.5 %. By adding 2 % of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCNa) under UV irradiation for 30 min, the protective rate of spore germination of ZHKUMR1 was up to ~12.44 %, where the wettability on corn leaves was achieved and the retention of ZHKUMR1 spores on corn leaves was increased. After indoor activity determination, it was found that after 3 min of simulated rain washing, the lethal rate of corn leaves pretreated with CMC-Na-ZHKUMR1 on the 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda was 46.67 %, which was much higher than that of ZHKUMR1 spore suspension alone. This work clearly showed that Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCNa) effectively improved the field application effect of Metarhizium rileyi ZHKUMR1, and this strategy provided guidance for improving the field efficacy of Metarhizium rileyi ZHKUMR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopeng Liang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Shaoke Meng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Mweke A, Rwomushana I, Okello A, Chacha D, Guo J, Luke B. Management of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Using Recycled Virus Inoculum from Larvae Treated with Baculovirus under Field Conditions. INSECTS 2023; 14:686. [PMID: 37623396 PMCID: PMC10455994 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) is a major pest of maize and causes huge losses. Chemical pesticides are the commonly used control strategy among farmers. The efficacy of baculoviruses against FAW has been proven; however, farmers may not be able to afford the products. The use of farmer-produced baculovirus mixtures could provide an opportunity for a nature-based solution for FAW at a low cost. This study evaluated the potential of recycled virus inoculum from FAW larvae treated with a commercial baculovirus (Littovir) for the management of FAW under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the virus from 25, 50, 75 and 100 FAW larvae caused variable mortality among FAW instars. The highest mortality (45%) among 1st-3rd instars was caused by Littovir followed by recycled virus inoculum from 100 FAW larvae (36%). Under field conditions, even though recycled virus inoculum did not offer adequate protection against FAW damage, the maize yield was comparable to that of commercial insecticide-treated plots and similar to that of control plots. This study has shown the potential use of recycled virus inoculum from infected larvae for the management of FAW. This would offer the farmers a sustainable and affordable option for the management of FAW as it would require the farmers to purchase the commercial baculovirus once and collect larvae from treated plots for repeat applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Mweke
- Department of Animal Health and Production, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika P.O. Box 342-01000, Kenya
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Arthur Okello
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Duncan Chacha
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Jingfei Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IPP-CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Belinda Luke
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK;
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7
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Bustillos-Rodríguez JC, Ordóñez-García M, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Sepúlveda-Ahumada DR, Zamudio-Flores PB, Acosta-Muñiz CH, Gallegos-Morales G, Berlanga-Reyes DI, Rios-Velasco C. Effect of High Temperature and UV Radiation on the Insecticidal Capacity of a Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus Microencapsulated in a Matrix Based on Oxidized Corn Starch. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:104-113. [PMID: 36626092 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus native isolate (SfCH32) of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was encapsulated by spray-drying in a matrix based on oxidized corn starch without and with a fluorescent brightener. The microcapsules were exposed to UV radiation (365 nm) for 0, 2, 4, and 8 h at 25 °C or temperatures of 35, 40, and 45 °C for 8 h. The data obtained with temperatures 35, 40, and 45 °C were contrasted with those obtained at 25 °C. The microcapsules were evaluated for size, shape, and insecticidal capacity against third instar S. frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions. The 82-84.2% of the encapsulating matrix, in a dry-weight basis, was recovered as NPV microcapsules of heterogeneous shape and size. The exposure to UV radiation and temperatures reduced significantly the insecticidal capacity of tested viruses; however, such capacity was higher for microencapsulated than for non-microencapsulated viruses. The non-encapsulated virus that had been exposed to 45 °C or maintained at UV radiation for 8 h showed the lowest insecticidal activity at 5th day post-inoculation, with a larvae mortality of 25.3 and 16%, respectively. The fluorescent brightener increased significantly the insecticidal capacity of encapsulated and non-encapsulated viruses, causing a mortality of 100% at that time point, and decreased the median lethal time independently of the incubation temperature and exposure time to radiation. The findings suggested that an encapsulating matrix based on oxidized corn starch might protect the insecticidal capacity of NPV under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Ordóñez-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Gallegos-Morales
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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8
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Tay WT, Meagher RL, Czepak C, Groot AT. Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:299-317. [PMID: 36198399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, and has become a major invasive pest around the globe in the past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what is known about S. frugiperda in its native geographic ranges. This is followed by discussion of studies from the invaded areas to gain insights into S. frugiperda's ecology, specifically its reproductive biology, host plant use, status of insecticide resistance alleles, and biocontrol methods in native and invasive regions. We show that reference to host strains is uninformative in the invasive populations because multidirectional introduction events likely underpinned its recent rapid spread. Given that recent genomic analyses show that FAW is much more diverse than was previously assumed, and natural selection forces likely differ geographically, region-specific approaches will be needed to control this global pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Robert L Meagher
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Escola de Agronomia, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands;
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9
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Ge S, Chu B, He W, Jiang S, Lv C, Gao L, Sun X, Yang X, Wu K. Wheat-Bran-Based Artificial Diet for Mass Culturing of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1177. [PMID: 36555087 PMCID: PMC9788468 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (fall armyworm (FAW)) has invaded many countries in Africa and Asia in recent years, considerably restricting global agricultural production. In this study, we assessed the rearing performance of four artificial diets (D1: an artificial FAW diet based on wheat bran and soybean, maize, and yeast powders; D2: an artificial diet developed for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), based on wheat bran and soybean and yeast powders; D3: an artificial diet based on soybean powder; D4: an artificial diet based on wheat bran) for FAWs. We designed D4 based on a traditional diet (D2) but substituted the wheat bran for soybean and yeast powders. At 25 ± 1 °C, 75% ± 5% RH, and a 16:8 h L:D photoperiod, the larval stage of FAWs fed on D4 lasted 15.88 d, the pupal stage lasted 9.48 d, the pupal mass was 270.45 mg, the number of eggs deposited was 1364.78, and the mating rate was 89.53%. Most biological indicators of the larvae that were fed D4 were basically consistent with those of the larvae fed on the traditional diet (D2), but the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) of the D4 FAWs were lower than those of the D2 FAWs. The flight capacity (flight distance, duration, and velocity were 19.73 km, 6.91 h, and 2.90 km/h, respectively) of the D4 FAWs was comparable to that of the FAWs fed a traditional diet and maize leaves. Compared with the three other formulas, the cost of using D4 was lower by 26.42% on average. These results show that using cheap wheat bran instead of soybean flour and yeast powder as the basic material for an artificial diet for FAWs is feasible, which will substantially reduce rearing costs and promote the development of new controlling measures for FAWs. In addition, this study also has a reference value for reducing the cost of artificial diets for other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xianming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Hu ZG, Dong ZQ, Miao JH, Li KJ, Wang J, Chen P, Lu C, Pan MH. Identification of the Key Functional Domains of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus IE1 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810276. [PMID: 36142194 PMCID: PMC9499007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immediate early protein 1 (IE1) acts as a transcriptional activator and is essential for viral gene transcription and viral DNA replication. However, the key regulatory domains of IE1 remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the sequence characteristics of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) IE1 and identified the key functional domains of BmNPV IE1 by stepwise truncation. Our results showed that BmNPV IE1 was highly similar to Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) IE1, but was less conserved with IE1 of other baculoviruses, the C-terminus of IE1 was more conserved than the N-terminus, and BmNPV IE1 was also necessary for BmNPV proliferation. Moreover, we found that IE1158–208 was a major nuclear localization element, and IE11–157 and IE1539–559 were minor nuclear localization elements, but the combination of these two minor elements was equally sufficient to fully mediate the nuclear entry of IE1. Meanwhile, IE11–258, IE1560–584, and the association of amino acids 258 and 259 were indispensable for the transactivation activity of BmNPV IE1. These results systematically resolve the functional domains of BmNPV IE1, which contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of baculovirus infection and provide a possibility to synthesize a small molecule IE1-truncated mutant as an agonist or antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhan-Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiang-Hao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ke-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.-H.P.); Tel.: +86-023-68250076 (M.-H.P.)
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.-H.P.); Tel.: +86-023-68250076 (M.-H.P.)
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Tepa-Yotto GT, Chinwada P, Rwomushana I, Goergen G, Subramanian S. Integrated management of Spodoptera frugiperda 6 years post detection in Africa: a review. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100928. [PMID: 35534003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the African continent has led to paradigm shifts in pest control in maize systems, occasioned by year-round populations. The discovery of resident parasitoid species adapting to the new pest significantly informed decision-making toward avoiding highly hazardous synthetic insecticides to control the pest. A number of biopesticides have shown promise against the fall armyworm, providing a new arsenal for the sustainable management of this invasive pest. However, a few knowledge gaps remain for a fully integrated and sustainable FAW-management approach, particularly on host-resistance potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain T Tepa-Yotto
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin; Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière (EGPVS), Université Nationale d'Agriculture (UNA), Kétou, Benin.
| | - Peter Chinwada
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Zambia), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Limuru Road, Muthaiga, PO Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Georg Goergen
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya
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