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Macías-Naranjo M, Sánchez-Domínguez M, Rubio-Valle JF, Rodríguez CA, Martín-Alfonso JE, García-López E, Vazquez-Lepe E. A Study of PLA Thin Film on SS 316L Coronary Stents Using a Dip Coating Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:284. [PMID: 38276692 PMCID: PMC10818791 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The dip coating process is one of the recognized techniques used to generate polymeric coatings on stents in an easy and low-cost way. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of the process parameters of this technique on complex geometries such as stents. This paper studies the dip coating process parameters used to provide a uniform coating of PLA with a 4-10 µm thickness. A stainless-steel tube (AISI 316L) was laser-cut, electropolished, and dip-coated in a polylactic acid (PLA) solution whilst changing the process parameters. The samples were characterized to examine the coating's uniformity, thickness, surface roughness, weight, and chemical composition. FTIR and Raman investigations indicated the presence of PLA on the stent's surface, the chemical stability of PLA during the coating process, and the absence of residual chloroform in the coatings. Additionally, the water contact angle was measured to determine the hydrophilicity of the coating. Our results indicate that, when using entry and withdrawal speeds of 500 mm min-1 and a 15 s immersion time, a uniform coating thickness was achieved throughout the tube and in the stent with an average thickness of 7.8 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macías-Naranjo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - J. F. Rubio-Valle
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (J.F.R.-V.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - Ciro A. Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - J. E. Martín-Alfonso
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (J.F.R.-V.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - Erika García-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Elisa Vazquez-Lepe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
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Manongi N, Volodarskiy A, Goldbarg S. Acute Formation of Thrombus on a Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device Immediately After Detachment. JACC Case Rep 2023; 19:101933. [PMID: 37593589 PMCID: PMC10429280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2023.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Clots can form on the left atrial surface of left atrial appendage closure devices, with subsequent thromboembolization. However, we are unaware of any reports of clots forming on the devices immediately after deployment. We report a case where an acute thrombus strand formed at the tip of an occlusion device immediately after deployment. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoda Manongi
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, USA
| | | | - Seth Goldbarg
- Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, USA
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Rathod KS, Teoh Z, Tyrlis A, Choudry FA, Hamshere SM, Comer K, Guttmann O, Jain AK, Ozkor MA, Wragg A, Archbold RA, Baumbach A, Mathur A, Jones DA. Thrombus Burden and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting With STEMI Across the Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:2406-2416. [PMID: 37344042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been previously reported during the first COVID-19 outbreak that patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and concurrent COVID-19 infection have increased thrombus burden and poorer outcomes. To date, there have been no reports comparing the outcomes of COVID-19-positive STEMI patients across all waves of the pandemic. OBJECTIVES This study compared the baseline demographic, procedural, and angiographic characteristics alongside the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with STEMI and concurrent COVID-19 infection across the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. METHODS This was a single-center, observational study of 1,269 consecutive patients admitted with confirmed STEMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (between January 3, 2020 and October 3, 2022). COVID-19-positive patients were split into 3 groups based upon the time course of the pandemic, and a comparison was made between waves. RESULTS A total of 154 COVID-19-positive patients with STEMI were included in the present analysis and were compared with 1,115 COVID-19-negative patients. Early during the pandemic (wave 1), STEMI patients presenting with concurrent COVID-19 infection had high rates of cardiac arrest, evidence of increased thrombus burden, bigger infarcts, and worse outcomes. However, by wave 3, no differences existed in outcomes between COVID-19-positive and -negative patients, with significant differences compared with earlier COVID-19-positive patients. Poor outcomes later in the study period were predominantly in unvaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes have occurred in the clinical characteristics, angiographic features, and outcomes of STEMI patients with COVID-19 infection treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention during the course of the pandemic. Importantly, outcomes of recent waves and in vaccinated individuals are no different to a non-COVID-19 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj S Rathod
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Teoh
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Tyrlis
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fizzah A Choudry
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Hamshere
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Comer
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Guttmann
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhiddin A Ozkor
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wragg
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Andrew Archbold
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Baumbach
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Jones
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Restenosis of Coronary Arteries in Patients with Coronavirus Infection: Case Series. Case Rep Med 2023; 2023:3000420. [PMID: 36818597 PMCID: PMC9935881 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus infection is a risk factor for vascular thrombosis. This is of particular importance for patients undergoing myocardial revascularization since this infection can be a trigger for the formation of restenosis in the area of a previously implanted coronary stent. Understanding the risk factors for stent thrombosis and restenosis is of particular importance in individuals at risk for adverse outcomes. The rarity of such situations makes the present study unique. Objective Studying the peculiarities of restenosis and thrombosis of the coronary arteries in patients after coronavirus infection. Methods The study was performed in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Emergency Hospital, Semey City, in 2021. We have examined the medical records of 10 consecutive patients with restenosis of coronary arteries after coronavirus infection and 10 matched-by-age patients with similar restenosis of coronary arteries who did not have coronavirus infection as a comparison group. To determine statistically significant differences between independent samples, we calculated the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The average age of patients was 65.7 years. Only one case was classified as early restenosis (within 8 days of previous revascularization), two cases represented late restenosis, and seven cases were very late restenoses. In 70% of cases, restenosis was localized in the left anterior descending artery, in 30% of cases, it was in the right coronary artery, and in 40% of cases, it was in the left circumflex artery. In comparison with patients who did not have a coronavirus infection, there were statistically significant differences regarding IgG (P < 0.001) and fibrinogen (P=0.019). Conclusion Patients with myocardial revascularization in the past have a higher risk of stent restenosis against the background of coronavirus infection due to excessive neointimal hyperplasia, hypercoagulability, increased inflammatory response, and endothelial dysfunction.
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Arefizadeh R, Moosavi SH, Towfiqie S, Mohsenizadeh SA, Pishgahi M. Effect of Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel on Short-term Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; a Randomized Clinical Trial. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2023; 11:e14. [PMID: 36620733 PMCID: PMC9807941 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v11i1.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute COVID-19 infection is associated with increased adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Given that some studies suggested improved pulmonary function with Ticagrelor, this clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel on the short-term outcomes of these patients. Methods In this multicenter clinical trial, 180 COVID-19 patients with ACS who underwent urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomized to receive Ticagrelor (180mg loading dose followed by 90mg twice daily, n=90) or Clopidogrel (600mg loading dose with 75mg daily, n=90), and then followed for one month after their procedure. The primary composite endpoint was a combination of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and early stent thrombosis within the first month after stent implantation. Results After thirty days of follow-up, the primary composite endpoint was non-significantly lower in the Ticagrelor compared to the Clopidogrel group (18.5% vs 23.5% respectively, p = 0.254). Based on the time-to-event analysis, the mean survival rate was 26.8 ±7.7 and 24.7 ±9.9 days, respectively, for the Ticagrelor and the Clopidogrel arms (Log-rank p = 0.275). Secondary endpoints were similar in the two trial arms, except for the mean oxygen saturation, which was higher in the Ticagrelor group (95.28 ±2.68 % vs. 94.15 ± 3.55 %, respectively; p = 0.021). Conclusion Among COVID-19 patients with concomitant ACS, who were treated with urgent PCI, the composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and early stent thrombosis was not different between Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel groups. However, administration of Ticagrelor was associated with a slight but statistically significant increase in oxygen saturation compared to Clopidogrel, but this difference wasn't clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Arefizadeh
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Reza Arefizadeh; AJA university of medical sciences, Etemad-Zadeh st., Fatemi-Gharbi st., Tehran, Iran. , Tel: +982186096356
| | - Seyed Hossein Moosavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayied Towfiqie
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Pishgahi
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Mehdi Pishgahi; Department of Cardiology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Tel:00989123387486, , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-6535
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Babalghith AO, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Sabatier JM, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092051. [PMID: 36140453 PMCID: PMC9497461 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, multi-organ injury (MOI)-like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different biomarkers are used in the assessment of COVID-19 severity including D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Interestingly, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently become a potential biomarker correlated with the COVID-19 severity. Thus, this critical review aimed to determine the critical association between GDF15 and COVID-19. The perfect function of GDF15 remains not well-recognized; nevertheless, it plays a vital role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory activation. Furthermore, GDF15 may act as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signaling in diverse cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, the release of GDF15 is activated by various growth factors and cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), angiotensin II (AngII) and p53. Therefore, higher expression of GDF15 in COVID-19 might a compensatory mechanism to stabilize and counteract dysregulated inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, GDF15 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could be associated with the COVID-19 severity. Increased GDF15 could be a compensatory mechanism against hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response in the COVID-19. Experimental, preclinical and large-scale clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh 51744, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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Special Issue "COVID-19 and Thrombosis". Viruses 2022; 14:v14071425. [PMID: 35891405 PMCID: PMC9316626 DOI: 10.3390/v14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pandemic began, an association among COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism has been reported, in particular for inpatients [...].
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Verdoia M, Gioscia R, Rognoni A. Updates on the Management of STEMI in 2021: Beyond COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:2245-2246. [PMID: 35654495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Italy.
| | - Rocco Gioscia
- Division of Cardiology Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Italy
| | - Andrea Rognoni
- Division of Cardiology Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Italy
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Lasica R, Djukanovic L, Mrdovic I, Savic L, Ristic A, Zdravkovic M, Simic D, Krljanac G, Popovic D, Simeunovic D, Rajic D, Asanin M. Acute Coronary Syndrome in the COVID-19 Era-Differences and Dilemmas Compared to the Pre-COVID-19 Era. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113024. [PMID: 35683411 PMCID: PMC9181081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous negative implications for all aspects of society. Although COVID-19 is a predominant lung disease, in 10-30% of cases, it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients occurs with a frequency between 7-36%. There is growing evidence of the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in COVID-19, both due to coronary artery thrombosis and insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium in conditions of an increased need. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major challenge for physicians. Often the presence of mixed symptoms, due to the combined presence of COVID-19 and ACS, as well as possible other diseases, nonspecific changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and often elevated serum troponin (cTn), create dilemmas in diagnosing ACS in COVID-19. Given the often-high ischemic risk, as well as the risk of bleeding, in these patients and analyzing the benefit/risk ratio, the treatment of patients with AMI and COVID-19 is often associated with dilemmas and difficult decisions. Due to delays in the application of the therapeutic regimen, complications of AMI are more common, and the mortality rate is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Lasica
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lazar Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Igor Mrdovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Lidija Savic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Dragan Simic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dejan Simeunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.R.); (D.S.); (D.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dubravka Rajic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Milika Asanin
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (I.M.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
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Batenova G, Dedov E, Pivin M, Nikitin I, Ettinger O, Smail Y, Ygiyeva D, Pivina L. Coronary Heart Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Association with Myocardial Revascularization. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a hypercoagulable state with a high incidence of thrombotic complications. Patients with a history of myocardial revascularization have more severe complications due to COVID-19. Coronary stent thrombosis has become significantly more common during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AIM: The aim of our study is to analyze scientific information on the risks of stent thrombosis in patients who underwent COVID-19.
METHODS: A search was made for scientific publications in evidence-based medicine databases and web resources: PubMed, MEDLINE, UpToDate, TripDatabase, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Observational studies or case series involving patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and myocardial infarction requiring myocardial revascularization; (2) the division of the population into survivors and non-survivors; and (3) data on the presence of the previous myocardial revascularization. Exclusion criteria: Case description and editorials/bulletins. In all articles selected for further analysis, 49 sources were considered that met the inclusion criteria and excluded duplication or repetition of information.
RESULTS: Coronavirus infection has contributed to the change in the course of myocardial infarction in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The incidence of stent thrombosis has a positive correlation with the severity of the coronavirus infection. The previous myocardial revascularization procedures significantly increase the risk of mortality in patients with coronavirus infection. This is especially actual for elderly patients.
CONCLUSION: One of the most vulnerable groups is elderly patients who have undergone myocardial revascularization after myocardial infarction in the past and have concomitant diseases. An analysis of scientific publications has shown that further larger-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis about the negative impact of coronavirus infection on stent thrombosis in patients who have undergone COVID-19.
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