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Kitano M, Ohnishi H, Makino A, Miyamoto T, Hayashi Y, Mizuno K, Kaba S, Kawai Y, Kojima T, Kishimoto Y, Yamamoto N, Tomonaga K, Omori K. An infection model for SARS-CoV-2 using rat transplanted with hiPSC-airway epithelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38832872 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the infection mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the airway epithelium and developing effective defense strategies against infection are important. To achieve this, establishing appropriate infection models is crucial. Therefore various in vitro models, such as cell lines and primary cultures, and in vivo models involving animals that exhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and genetically humanized animals, have been used as animal models. However, no animal model has been established that allows infection experiments with human cells under the physiological environment of airway epithelia. Therefore, we aimed to establish a novel animal model that enables infection experiments using human cells. Human iPSC-derived airway epithelial cell-transplanted nude rats (hiPSC-AEC rats) were used, and infection studies were performed by spraying lentiviral pseudoviruses containing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the GFP gene on the tracheae. After infection, immunohistochemical analyses revealed the existence of GFP-positive infected transplanted cells in the epithelial and submucosal layers. In this study, a SARS-CoV-2 infection animal model including human cells was established mimicking infection through respiration and we demonstrated that the hiPSC-AEC rat could be used as an animal model for basic research and the development of therapeutic methods for human-specific respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kitano
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8507;
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8507;
| | - Akiko Makino
- Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, virus research, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ube, Japan;
| | - Yasuyuki Hayashi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8507;
| | - Keisuke Mizuno
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan., Kyoto, Japan, 6068507;
| | - Shinji Kaba
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8507;
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8507;
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8501;
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, virus research, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Koichi Omori
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 6068507;
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Hong SM, Ha EJ, Kim HW, Kim SJ, Ahn SM, An SH, Kim G, Kim S, Kwon HJ, Choi KS. Effects of G and SH Truncation on the Replication, Virulence, and Immunogenicity of Avian Metapneumovirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38276678 PMCID: PMC10818707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Four mutants varying the length of the G and SH genes, including a G-truncated mutant (ΔG) and three G/SH-truncated mutants (ΔSH/G-1, ΔSH/G-2, and ΔSH/G-3), were generated via serially passaging the avian metapneumovirus strain SNU21004 into the cell lines Vero E6 and DF-1 and into embryonated chicken eggs. The mutant ΔG particles resembled parental virus particles except for the variance in the density of their surface projections. G and G/SH truncation significantly affected the viral replication in chickens' tracheal ring culture and in infected chickens but not in the Vero E6 cells. In experimentally infected chickens, mutant ΔG resulted in the restriction of viral replication and the attenuation of the virulence. The mutants ΔG and ΔSH/G-1 upregulated three interleukins (IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18) and three interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ) in infected chickens. In addition, the expression levels of innate immunity-related genes such as Mda5, Rig-I, and Lgp2, in BALB/c mice were also upregulated when compared to the parental virus. Immunologically, the mutant ΔG induced a strong, delayed humoral immune response, while the mutant ΔSH/G-1 induced no humoral immune response. Our findings indicate the potential of the mutant ΔG but not the mutant ΔSH/G-1 as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Min Ahn
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-Hee An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-bio Science Technology (GBST), Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- GeNiner Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
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Cui Y, Li S, Xu W, Li Y, Xie J, Wang D, Guo J, Zhou J, Feng X, Hou L, Liu J. A Receptor Integrin β1 Promotes Infection of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C by Recognizing a Viral Fusion Protein RSD Motif. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:829. [PMID: 38255903 PMCID: PMC10815723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) causes respiratory diseases and egg dropping in chickens and turkeys, resulting in severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Integrin β1 (ITGB1), a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, is present in various cells and mediates numerous viral infections. Herein, we demonstrate that ITGB1 is essential for aMPV/C infection in cultured DF-1 cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of viral binding by EDTA blockade, Arg-Ser-Asp (RSD) peptide, monoclonal antibody against ITGB1, and ITGB1 short interfering (si) RNA knockdown in cultured DF-1 cells. Simulation of the binding process between the aMPV/C fusion (F) protein and avian-derived ITGB1 using molecular dynamics showed that ITGB1 may be a host factor benefiting aMPV/C attachment or internalization. The transient expression of avian ITGB1-rendered porcine and feline non-permissive cells (DQ cells and CRFK cells, respectively) is susceptible to aMPV/C infection. Kinetic replication of aMPV/C in siRNA-knockdown cells revealed that ITGB1 plays an important role in aMPV/C infection at the early stage (attachment and internalization). aMPV/C was also able to efficiently infect human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells. This may be a consequence of the similar structures of both metapneumovirus F protein-specific motifs (RSD for aMPV/C and RGD for human metapneumovirus) recognized by ITGB1. Overexpression of avian-derived ITGB1 and human-derived ITGB1 in A549 cells enhanced aMPV/C infectivity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that ITGB1 acts as an essential receptor for aMPV/C attachment and internalization into host cells, facilitating aMPV/C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Siting Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiali Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Whitehead JD, Decool H, Leyrat C, Carrique L, Fix J, Eléouët JF, Galloux M, Renner M. Structure of the N-RNA/P interface indicates mode of L/P recruitment to the nucleocapsid of human metapneumovirus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7627. [PMID: 37993464 PMCID: PMC10665349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in young children. The HMPV polymerase (L) binds an obligate cofactor, the phosphoprotein (P). During replication and transcription, the L/P complex traverses the viral RNA genome, which is encapsidated within nucleoproteins (N). An essential interaction between N and a C-terminal region of P tethers the L/P polymerase to the template. This N-P interaction is also involved in the formation of cytoplasmic viral factories in infected cells, called inclusion bodies. To define how the polymerase component P recognizes N-encapsidated RNA (N-RNA) we employed cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and molecular dynamics simulations, coupled to activity assays and imaging of inclusion bodies in cells. We report a 2.9 Å resolution structure of a triple-complex between multimeric N, bound to both RNA and the C-terminal region of P. Furthermore, we also present cryo-EM structures of assembled N in different oligomeric states, highlighting the plasticity of N. Combined with our functional assays, these structural data delineate in molecular detail how P attaches to N-RNA whilst retaining substantial conformational dynamics. Moreover, the N-RNA-P triple complex structure provides a molecular blueprint for the design of therapeutics to potentially disrupt the attachment of L/P to its template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Whitehead
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hortense Decool
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cédric Leyrat
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenna Fix
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Max Renner
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Sakudo A. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Decontamination of Pathogens in Medicine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040990. [PMID: 37110413 PMCID: PMC10143117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is putting our public health services under enormous strain [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Sakudo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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6
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Cho AY, Kim TH, Lee SH, Lee H, Choi YJ, Seo YR, Lee DH, Hyeon JY, Song CS. Whole genome sequencing of Avian metapneumovirus type B genomes directly from clinical samples collected from chickens in live bird markets using multiplex tiling RT-PCR method. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1112552. [PMID: 36937007 PMCID: PMC10018015 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y. Cho
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hak Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ram Seo
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KHAV Co. Ltd., New Millennium Hall, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Seon Song
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Jesse ST, Ribó-Molina P, Jo WK, Rautenschlein S, Vuong O, Fouchier RAM, Ludlow M, Osterhaus ADME. Molecular characterization of avian metapneumovirus subtype C detected in wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in The Netherlands. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3360-3370. [PMID: 36029486 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) represents a long-term threat to the poultry industry due to its etiological role in the induction of acute respiratory disease and/or egg drop syndrome in domestic turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Although this disease is commonly referred to as turkey rhinotracheitis, the host range of AMPV encompasses many avian species. We have screened 1323 oropharyngeal- and cloacal swab samples obtained from wild mallards in the Netherlands from 2017 to 2019 by RT-PCR using a degenerate primer pair to detect all members of the Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae or an avian metapneumovirus subtype C (AMPV-C)-specific RT-qPCR assay. We identified a total of seven cases of AMPV-C infections in wild, healthy mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), of which two AMPV-C positive samples were further processed using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the two complete genomes showed that the newly identified AMPV-C strains share closest sequence identity (97%) with Eurasian lineage AMPV-C strains identified in Muscovy ducks in China that presented with severe respiratory disease and egg production loss in 2011. Further analysis of G protein amino acid sequences showed a high degree of variability between the newly identified AMPV-C variants. PONDR scoring of the G protein has revealed the ectodomain of AMPV-C to be partitioned into a long intrinsically disordered and short ordered region, giving insights into AMPV G protein structural biology. In summary, we provide the first report of full-length AMPV-C genome sequences derived from wild birds in Europe. This emphasizes the need for further surveillance efforts to better characterize the host range, epidemiologic distribution, and pathogenicity of AMPV-C to determine the risk posed by cross-species jumps from wildfowl to domesticated avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja T Jesse
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pau Ribó-Molina
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy K Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oanh Vuong
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Foley DA, Sikazwe CT, Minney-Smith CA, Ernst T, Moore HC, Nicol MP, Smith DW, Levy A, Blyth CC. An Unusual Resurgence of Human Metapneumovirus in Western Australia Following the Reduction of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission. Viruses 2022; 14:2135. [PMID: 36298690 PMCID: PMC9612024 DOI: 10.3390/v14102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission disrupted respiratory virus seasonality. We examined the unusual return of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Western Australia following a period of absence in 2020. We analysed hMPV laboratory testing data from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Whole-genome sequencing of selected hMPV-positive samples was performed using a tiled-amplicon approach. Following an absence in spring 2020, an unusual hMPV surge was observed during the wet summer season in the tropical Northern region in late 2020. Following a six-month delay, an intense winter season occurred in the subtropical/temperate Southern and Metropolitan regions. Compared to 2017-2019, hMPV incidence in 2021 increased by 3-fold, with a greater than 4-fold increase in children aged 1-4 years. There was a collapse in hMPV diversity in 2020, with the emergence of a single subtype. NPIs contributed to an absent 2020 season and a clonal hMPV resurgence. The summer surge and delayed winter season suggest that prevailing temperature and humidity are keys determinant of hMPV transmission. The increased incidence in 2021 was linked to an expanded cohort of hMPV-naïve 1-4-year-old children and waning population immunity. Further intense and unusual respiratory virus seasons are expected as COVID-19 associated NPIs are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Anthony Foley
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth 6009, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Chisha T. Sikazwe
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth 6009, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | | | - Timo Ernst
- Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah C. Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Mark P. Nicol
- Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - David W. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Avram Levy
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth 6009, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth 6009, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
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