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Yan Z, Xie J, Hou Z, Zhang Y, Yue J, Zhang X, Chen L, Yang Y, Li X, Li H, Feng R. Pseudorabies virus UL38 attenuates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by recruiting Tollip to promote STING for autophagy degradation. Virol J 2024; 21:107. [PMID: 38720392 PMCID: PMC11080157 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural immunity is the first defense line of the host immune system, which plays a significant role in combating foreign pathogenic microorganisms. The IFN-β (interferon-beta) signaling pathway, being a typical example of innate immunity, plays a vital function. This study aimed to elucidate the function of pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL38 protein (unique long region 38) in suppressing the activation of the IFN-β signaling pathway. The findings from our study indicate that the PRV UL38 protein effectively hampers the activation of IFN-β by poly (dA: dT) (poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic)) and 2'3'-cGAMP (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP). Furthermore, UL38 exhibits spatial co-localization with STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and effectively hinders STING dimerization. Subsequently, STING was downgraded to suppress the production of IFN-β and ISGs (interferon stimulated genes). Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the interaction between UL38 and STING, which subsequently initiated the degradation of STING via selective autophagy mediated by TOLLIP (toll interacting protein). To summarize, this research elucidates the function of UL38 in counteracting the cGAS (cGAMP synthase)-STING-induced IFN-β pathway. The PRV UL38 protein may attenuate the activation of IFN-β as a means of regulating the virus's persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jingying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- College of Life science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhengyang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiayu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- College of Life science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruofei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, No.1 Xibeixincun, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Dong JG, Chen MR, Rao D, Zhang N, He S, Na L. Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA profiles in pseudorabies-virus-infected PK15 cells. Arch Virol 2023; 168:240. [PMID: 37668724 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in host metabolism after infection with pseudorabies virus (PRV). In our study, via RNA sequencing analysis, a total of 418 mRNAs, 137 annotated lncRNAs, and 312 new lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. These lncRNAs were closely associated with metabolic regulation and immunity-related signalling pathways, including the T-cell receptor signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, Ras signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway, and phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Real-time PCR indicated that several mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in the regulation of the immune effector process, T-cell receptor signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and chemokine signalling pathways were significantly expressed. These mRNAs and lncRNAs might play a role in PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Dong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ming-Rui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Dan Rao
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiangsu Vocational College Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China
- Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co. LTD, Zhumadian, 463900, China
| | - Shuhai He
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Lei Na
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Dihydromyricetin Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Multiplication In Vitro by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020111. [PMID: 36851415 PMCID: PMC9961748 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections have caused huge economic losses to the breeding industry worldwide, especially pig husbandry. PRV could threaten human health as an easily ignored zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of new mutants significantly reduced the protective effect of vaccination, indicating an urgent need to develop specific therapeutic drugs for PRV infection. In this study, we found that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could dose-dependently restrain PRV infection in vitro with an IC50 of 161.34 μM; the inhibition rate of DMY at a concentration of 500 μM was 92.16 %. Moreover, the mode of action showed that DMY directly inactivated PRV virion and inhibited viral adsorption and cellular replication. DMY treatment could improve PRV-induced abnormal changes of the NF-κB signaling pathway and excessive inflammatory response through regulation of the contents of IκBα and p-P65/P65 and the transcriptional levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). Furthermore, DMY promoted the apoptosis of PRV-infected cells through the regulation of the expressions of Bax and Bcl-xl and the transcriptional levels of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, thereby limiting the production of progeny virus. These findings indicated that DMY could be a candidate drug for the treatment of PRV infection.
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HSP27 Attenuates cGAS-Mediated IFN-β Signaling through Ubiquitination of cGAS and Promotes PRV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091851. [PMID: 36146658 PMCID: PMC9502172 DOI: 10.3390/v14091851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) is a domestic and wild animal infectious disease caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and is one of the major infectious diseases that endanger the global swine industry. Studies have reported that PRV may achieve cross-species transmission from pigs to humans in recent years. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the relationship between PRV and host proteins is of great significance for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of PRV and anti-PRV infection. Here, we report that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) ubiquitinates and degrades cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and attenuates cGAS-mediated antiviral responses, thereby promoting PRV infection. Overexpression of HSP27 promoted PRV proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of HSP27 inhibited PRV infection. Importantly, we found that HSP27 inhibited PRV infection or poly(dA:dT)-activated IFN-β expression. Further studies found that HSP27 may inhibit cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-β expression through targeting cGAS. In addition, we found that HSP27 can suppress the expression of endogenous cGAS in different cells at both gene transcription and protein expression levels, and that HSP27 interacts with and ubiquitinates cGAS. In conclusion, we reveal for the first time that HSP27 is a novel negative regulator of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway induced by PRV infection or poly(dA:dT) activation and demonstrate that HSP27 plays a crucial role in PRV infection.
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