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Manoha C, Dequiedt AL, Thery L, Marotel M, Pez F, Vouillon B, Gueneau E, de Rougemont A. Multisite community-scale monitoring of respiratory and enteric viruses in the effluent of a nursing home and in the inlet of the local wastewater treatment plant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0115824. [PMID: 39387558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01158-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether community-level monitoring of respiratory and enteric viruses in wastewater can provide a comprehensive picture of local virus circulation. Wastewater samples were collected weekly at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inlet and at the outlet of a nearby nursing home (NH) in Burgundy, France, during the winter period of 2022/2023. We searched for the pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal content as well as for the main respiratory viruses [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus] and enteric viruses (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus). Samples were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription PCR-based methods. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently detected respiratory virus, with 66.7% of positive samples from the WWTP and 28.6% from the NH. Peaks of SARS-CoV-2 were consistent with the chronological incidence of infections recorded in the sentinel surveillance and the nearby hospital databases. The number of positive samples was lower in the NH than in WWTP for the three respiratory viruses. Enteric viruses were frequently detected, most often sapovirus and norovirus genogroup II, accounting both for 77.8% of positive samples in the WWTP and 57.1% and 37%, respectively, in the NH. The large circulation of sapovirus was unexpected in particular in the NH. Combined wastewater surveillance using simple optimized methods can be a valuable tool for monitoring viral circulation and may serve as a suitable early warning system for identifying both local outbreaks and the onset of epidemics. These results encourage the application of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to SARS-CoV2, norovirus, and sapovirus.IMPORTANCEWBS provides valuable information on the spread of epidemic viruses in the environment using appropriate and sensitive detection methods. By monitoring the circulation of viruses using reverse transcription PCR methods in wastewater from the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant and the outlet of a nearby retirement home (connected to the same collective sewer network), we aimed to demonstrate that implementing combined WBS at key community sites allows effective detection of the occurrence of respiratory (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2) and enteric (norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus) virus infections within a given population. This analysis on a localized scale provided new information on the viral circulation in the two different sites. Implementing WBS to monitor the circulation or the emergence of infectious diseases is an important means of alerting the authorities and improving public health management. WBS could participate actively to the health of humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Manoha
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Dequiedt
- Departmental Laboratory of Côte d'Or, Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Thery
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marina Marotel
- Departmental Laboratory of Côte d'Or, Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or, Dijon, France
| | | | - Bruno Vouillon
- Departmental Laboratory of Côte d'Or, Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Gueneau
- Departmental Laboratory of Côte d'Or, Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis de Rougemont
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Sarkar A, Omar S, Alshareef A, Fanous K, Sarker S, Alroobi H, Zamir F, Yousef M, Zakaria D. The relative prevalence of the Omicron variant within SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts in different countries: A systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2212568. [PMID: 37254497 PMCID: PMC10234134 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2212568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in October 2021 and exhibited high transmissibility, immune evasion, and reduced severity when compared to the earlier variants. The lesser vaccine effectiveness against Omicron and its reduced severity created vaccination hesitancy among the public. This review compiled data reporting the relative prevalence of Omicron as compared to the early variants to give an insight into the existing variants, which may shape the decisions regarding the targets of the newly developed vaccines. Complied data revealed more than 90% prevalence within the infected cohorts in some countries. The BA.1 subvariant predominated over the BA.2 during the early stages of the Omicron wave. Moreover, BA.4/BA.5 subvariants were detected in South Africa, USA and Italy between October 2021 and April 2022. It is therefore important to develop vaccines that protect against Omicron as well as the early variants, which are known to cause more severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Omar
- Medical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aya Alshareef
- Medical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kareem Fanous
- Medical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaunak Sarker
- Medical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hasan Alroobi
- Medical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Zamir
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Yousef
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dalia Zakaria
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Pighi L, Henry BM, De Nitto S, Gianfilippi G, Salvagno GL, Lippi G. Real-world assessment of the clinical performance of COVID-VIRO ALL IN rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Diagnosis (Berl) 2023; 10:187-192. [PMID: 36656638 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the external validation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ags) is a necessary requisite before they can be introduced into routine clinical practice, this study reports the results of a real-world assessment of the clinical performance of the new COVID-VIRO ALL IN device. METHODS The study population consisted in 165 outpatients (median age: 43 years, range: 14-68 years; 66.1% females) who had paired nasal and nasopharyngeal samples collected upon hospital presentation. The samples were concomitantly tested with the AAZ-LMB COVID-VIRO ALL IN SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ag and with Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The number of subjects with positive RT-PCR results (i.e., mean Ct value <45) was 116 (70.3%), 109 (66.1%) and 86 (52.1%) with mean Ct values <37 and <30, respectively. In all RT-PCR positive samples, COVID-VIRO ALL IN displayed 78.8% agreement, 0.698 sensitivity, 1.000 specificity, 0.583 negative predictive value (NPV) and 1.000 positive predictive value (PPV) compared to RT-PCR. The median Ct value of samples testing positive with COVID-VIRO ALL IN was significantly lower than those testing negative (22.8 vs. 32.2; p<0.001). In samples with high viral load (i.e., Ct value <30), COVID-VIRO ALL IN displayed 92.1% agreement, 0.895 sensitivity, 0.949 specificity, 0.983 NPV and 0.951 PPV compared to RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Although the diagnostic performance of COVID-VIRO ALL IN do not exactly match those of the manufacturer, its high NPV in high viral load samples would enable fast-track and rapid identification of highly contagious subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Medical Direction, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Simone De Nitto
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gianfilippi
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Salvagno GL, Henry BM, Bongiovanni G, De Nitto S, Pighi L, Lippi G. Positivization time of a COVID-19 rapid antigen self-test predicts SARS-CoV-2 viral load: a proof of concept. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:316-322. [PMID: 36315978 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This proof of concept study was aimed to validate the hypothesis that the time of positivization of SARS-CoV-2 self-performed rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may reflect the actual viral load in the specimen. METHODS A SARS-CoV-2 positive sample with high viral load was diluted and concomitantly assayed with molecular assay (Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2) and RDT (COVID-VIRO ALL IN RDT). The (mean cycle threshold; Ct) values and RDT positivization times of these dilutions were plotted and interpolated by calculating the best fit. The parameters of this equation were then used for converting the positivization times into RDT-estimated SARS-CoV-2 Ct values in routine patient samples. RESULTS The best fit between measured and RDT-estimated Ct values could be achieved with a 2-degree polynomial curve. The RDT-estimated Ct values exhibited high correlation (r=0.996) and excellent Deming fit (y=1.01 × x - 0.18) with measured Ct values. In 30 consecutive patients with positive RDT test, the correlation between RDT positivization time and measured Ct value was r=0.522 (p=0.003). The correlation of RDT-estimated and measured Ct values slightly improved to 0.577 (Deming fit: y=0.44 × x + 11.08), displaying a negligible bias (1.0; 95% CI, -0.2 to 2.2; p=0.105). Concordance of RDT-estimated and measured Ct values at the <20 cut-off was 80%, with 0.84 sensitivity and 0.73 specificity. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept study demonstrates the potential feasibility of using RDTs for garnering information on viral load in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Simone De Nitto
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lippi G, Henry BM, Plebani M. A Simple Epidemiologic Model for Predicting Impaired Neutralization of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 36679973 PMCID: PMC9863154 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at developing a simple epidemiologic model that could help predict the impaired neutralization of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. We explored the potential association between neutralization of recent and more prevalent SARS-CoV-2 sublineages belonging to the Omicron family (i.e., BA.4/5, BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1) expressed as FFRNT50 (>50% suppression of fluorescent foci fluorescent focus reduction neutralization test) in recipients of four doses of monovalent mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, with epidemiologic variables like emergence date and number of spike protein mutations of these sublineages, cumulative worldwide COVID-19 cases and cumulative number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered worldwide at the time of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage emergence. In the univariate analysis, the FFRNT50 value for the different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages was significantly associated with all such variables except with the number of spike protein mutations. Such associations were confirmed in the multivariate analysis, which enabled the construction of the equation: “−0.3917 × [Emergence (date)] + 1.403 × [COVID-19 cases (million)] − 121.8 × [COVID-19 Vaccine doses (billion)] + 18,250”, predicting the FFRNT50 value of the five SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages with 0.996 accuracy (p = 0.013). We have shown in this work that a simple mathematical approach, encompassing a limited number of widely available epidemiologic variables, such as emergence date of new variants and number of COVID-19 cases and vaccinations, could help identifying the emergence and surge of future lineages with major propensity to impair humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Nocini R, Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the worldwide burden of tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:945-946. [PMID: 36527493 PMCID: PMC9759037 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology-Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services (APSS), Trento, Italy
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