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das Neves Costa LCP, Siqueira JAM, Teixeira DM, da Piedade GJL, Júnior ECS, Ferreira JL, da Silva LD, Gabbay YB. Circulation of adenovirus and other viruses in urban drainage channels: an environmental surveillance in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2939-2949. [PMID: 37747624 PMCID: PMC10689653 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban channels in amazon cities are very polluted, with garbage and sewage disposal in these aquatic environments, favoring the high dissemination of waterborne viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV). The aim of this study was to perform the detection and molecular characterization of adenovirus in urban channels and in a wastewater treatment plant located in a metropolitan city in the Amazon. Additionally, metagenomic analyses were performed to assess viral diversity. Samples were concentrated by organic flocculation, analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and sequenced (Sanger e next generation sequencing). Cell culture was performed to verify the viability of HAdV particles. A total of 104 samples were collected, being the HAdV positivity of 76% (79/104). Among the positive samples, 29.1% (23/79) were characterized as HAdV-F40 (87%, 20/23), HAdV-F41 (8.7%, 2/23), and HAdV-B (4.3%, 1/23). Average precipitation rates ranged from 163 to 614 mm, while the pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.6. Eight positive samples were inoculated into A549 cells and in 4 of these, was observed changes in the structure of the cell monolayer, alteration in the structure of the cell monolayer was observed, but without amplification when analyzed by PCR. The metagenomic data demonstrated the presence of 14 viral families, being the most abundant: Myoviridae (41% of available reads), Siphoviridae (24.5%), Podoviridae (14.1%), and Autographiviridae (6.9%) with more than 85% of the total number of identified reads. This study reinforcing that continuous surveillance may contribute to monitoring viral diversity in aquatic environments and provide early warning of potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jones Anderson Monteiro Siqueira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Junior Leite da Piedade
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - James Lima Ferreira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Damascena da Silva
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
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Rabe A, Ravuri S, Burnor E, Steele JA, Kantor RS, Choi S, Forman S, Batjiaka R, Jain S, León TM, Vugia DJ, Yu AT. Correlation between wastewater and COVID-19 case incidence rates in major California sewersheds across three variant periods. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1303-1317. [PMID: 37756197 PMCID: wh_2023_173 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring for COVID-19 through wastewater has been used for adjunctive public health surveillance, with SARS-CoV-2 viral concentrations in wastewater correlating with incident cases in the same sewershed. However, the generalizability of these findings across sewersheds, laboratory methods, and time periods with changing variants and underlying population immunity has not been well described. The California Department of Public Health partnered with six wastewater treatment plants starting in January 2021 to monitor wastewater for SARS-CoV-2, with analyses performed at four laboratories. Using reported PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases within each sewershed, the relationship between case incidence rates and wastewater concentrations collected over 14 months was evaluated using Spearman's correlation and linear regression. Strong correlations were observed when wastewater concentrations and incidence rates were averaged (10- and 7-day moving window for wastewater and cases, respectively, ρ = 0.73-0.98 for N1 gene target). Correlations remained strong across three time periods with distinct circulating variants and vaccination rates (winter 2020-2021/Alpha, summer 2021/Delta, and winter 2021-2022/Omicron). Linear regression revealed that slopes of associations varied by the dominant variant of concern, sewershed, and laboratory (β = 0.45-1.94). These findings support wastewater surveillance as an adjunctive public health tool to monitor SARS-CoV-2 community trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rabe
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA; These first authors contributed equally to this manuscript. E-mail:
| | - Sindhu Ravuri
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA; These first authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Elisabeth Burnor
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP), Department of Microbiology, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Rose S Kantor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Choi
- Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
| | - Stanislav Forman
- Zymo Research Corp. Department of Sample Collection and Nucleic Acid Purification, Zymo Research Corp., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Batjiaka
- San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seema Jain
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tomás M León
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Duc J Vugia
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Yu
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, CA, USA
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Cimmino C, Rodrigues Capítulo L, Lerman A, Silva A, Von Haften G, Comino AP, Cigoy L, Scagliola M, Poncet V, Caló G, Uez O, Berón CM. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban effluents in south-east Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 2020 to March 2022. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e94. [PMID: 37324201 PMCID: PMC10261580 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To implement and evaluate the use of wastewater sampling for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in two coastal districts of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Methods In General Pueyrredon district, 400 mL of wastewater samples were taken with an automatic sampler for 24 hours, while in Pinamar district, 20 L in total (2.2 L at 20-minute intervals) were taken. Samples were collected once a week. The samples were concentrated based on flocculation using polyaluminum chloride. RNA purification and target gene amplification and detection were performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for clinical diagnosis of human nasopharyngeal swabs. Results In both districts, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewater. In General Pueyrredon, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in epidemiological week 28, 2020, which was 20 days before the start of an increase in coronavirus virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first wave (epidemiological week 31) and 9 weeks before the maximum number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was recorded. In Pinamar district, the virus genome was detected in epidemiological week 51, 2020 but it was not possible to carry out the sampling again until epidemiological week 4, 2022, when viral circulation was again detected. Conclusions It was possible to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus genome in wastewater, demonstrating the usefulness of the application of wastewater epidemiology for long-term SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cimmino
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”Mar del PlataArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Leandro Rodrigues Capítulo
- Centro de Estudios Integrales de la Dinámica ExógenaUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa PlataArgentinaCentro de Estudios Integrales de la Dinámica Exógena, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Lerman
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”Mar del PlataArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”Mar del PlataArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Von Haften
- Obras Sanitarias Sociedad de EstadoMar del PlataArgentinaObras Sanitarias Sociedad de Estado, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Ana P. Comino
- Obras Sanitarias Sociedad de EstadoMar del PlataArgentinaObras Sanitarias Sociedad de Estado, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Cigoy
- Obras Sanitarias Sociedad de EstadoMar del PlataArgentinaObras Sanitarias Sociedad de Estado, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Scagliola
- Obras Sanitarias Sociedad de EstadoMar del PlataArgentinaObras Sanitarias Sociedad de Estado, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Poncet
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”Mar del PlataArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Caló
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología and FIBAMar del PlataArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología and FIBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Osvaldo Uez
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”Mar del PlataArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Corina M. Berón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología and FIBAMar del PlataArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología and FIBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Belmonte-Lopes R, Barquilha CER, Kozak C, Barcellos DS, Leite BZ, da Costa FJOG, Martins WL, Oliveira PE, Pereira EHRA, Filho CRM, de Souza EM, Possetti GRC, Vicente VA, Etchepare RG. 20-Month monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater of Curitiba, in Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27926-x. [PMID: 37243767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the collapse of healthcare systems and led to the development and application of several approaches of wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor infected populations. The main objective of this study was to carry out a SARS-CoV-2 wastewater based surveillance in Curitiba, Southern Brazil Sewage samples were collected weekly for 20 months at the entrance of five treatment plants representing the entire city and quantified by qPCR using the N1 marker. The viral loads were correlated with epidemiological data. The correlation by sampling points showed that the relationship between the viral loads and the number of reported cases was best described by a cross-correlation function, indicating a lag between 7 and 14 days amidst the variables, whereas the data for the entire city presented a higher correlation (0.84) with the number of positive tests at lag 0 (sampling day). The results also suggest that the Omicron VOC resulted in higher titers than the Delta VOC. Overall, our results showed that the approach used was robust as an early warning system, even with the use of different epidemiological indicators or changes in the virus variants in circulation. Therefore, it can contribute to public decision-makers and health interventions, especially in vulnerable and low-income regions with limited clinical testing capacity. Looking toward the future, this approach will contribute to a new look at environmental sanitation and should even induce an increase in sewage coverage rates in emerging countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes
- Graduate Program On Pathology, Parasitology, and Microbiology, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
- Basic Pathology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Microbiological Collections of Paraná Network, Room 135/136. 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos E R Barquilha
- Graduate Program On Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Kozak
- Environment Department, Maringa State University, SESI Block, 1800 Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca AvenueRoom 15, Parque Danielle, Umuarama, PR, 87506-370, Brazil
| | - Demian S Barcellos
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Z Leite
- Research and Innovation Management, Paraná Sanitation Company (SANEPAR), 1376 Eng. Rebouças St, Rebouças, Curitiba, PR, 80215-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda J O Gomes da Costa
- Research and Innovation Management, Paraná Sanitation Company (SANEPAR), 1376 Eng. Rebouças St, Rebouças, Curitiba, PR, 80215-900, Brazil
| | - William L Martins
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Pâmela E Oliveira
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Edy H R A Pereira
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar R Mota Filho
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Antonio Carlos Avenue, Block 1, Room 4529, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M de Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R C Possetti
- Research and Innovation Management, Paraná Sanitation Company (SANEPAR), 1376 Eng. Rebouças St, Rebouças, Curitiba, PR, 80215-900, Brazil
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Basic Pathology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Microbiological Collections of Paraná Network, Room 135/136. 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Ramiro G Etchepare
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil.
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Yang K, Guo J, Møhlenberg M, Zhou H. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in medical and industrial wastewater-a global perspective: a narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63323-63334. [PMID: 36988799 PMCID: PMC10049894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread at an unprecedented rate since late 2019, leading to the global COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, being able to detect SARS-CoV-2 in human populations with high coverage quickly is a huge challenge. As SARS-CoV-2 is excreted in human excreta and thus exposed to the aqueous environment through sewers, the goal is to develop an ideal, non-invasive, cost-effective epidemiological method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Wastewater surveillance has gained widespread interest and is increasingly being investigated as an effective early warning tool for monitoring the spread and evolution of the virus. This review emphasizes important findings on SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) in different continents and techniques used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater during the period 2020-2022. The results show that WBE is a valuable population-level method for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and is a valuable early warning alert. It can assist policymakers in formulating relevant policies to avoid the negative impacts of early or delayed action. Such strategy can also help avoid unnecessary wastage of medical resources, rationalize vaccine distribution, assist early detection, and contain large-scale outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liutai Road 1166, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liutai Road 1166, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Michelle Møhlenberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liutai Road 1166, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Zhang M, King MD. Temporal Variation of SARS-CoV-2 Levels in Wastewater from a Meat Processing Plant. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010174. [PMID: 36677465 PMCID: PMC9864470 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) on SARS-CoV-2 has been proved to be an effective approach to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 in communities and cities. However, its application was overlooked at smaller scale, such as a single facility. Meat processing plants are hotspots for COVID-19 outbreaks due to their unique environment that are favorable for the survival and persistence of SARS-CoV-2. This is the first known WBS study in meat processing plants. The goal was to understand the temporal variation of the SARS-CoV-2 levels in wastewater from a meat processing plant in Canada during a three-month campaign and to find any correlation with clinically confirmed cases in the surrounding city area. Higher SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in the solid fraction compared to the liquid fraction of the wastewater. The viruses can be preserved in the solid fraction of wastewater for up to 12 days. The wastewater virus level did not correlate to the city-wide COVID-19 cases due to the unmatching scales. WBS on SARS-CoV-2 in meat processing plants can be useful for identifying COVID-19 outbreaks in the facility and serve as an effective alternative when resources for routine individual testing are not available.
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