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Hua H, Zhang X, Liu L, Wu X. A Novel Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Alternavirus 1 Isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Strain T-BJ17 Confers Hypovirulence and Increases the Sensitivity of Its Host Fungus to Difenoconazole and Pydiflumetofen. Viruses 2024; 16:901. [PMID: 38932193 PMCID: PMC11209391 DOI: 10.3390/v16060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a novel strain of Fusarium oxysporum alternavirus 1 (FoAV1) was identified from the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) strain T-BJ17 and was designated as Fusarium oxysporum alternavirus 1-FOM (FoAV1-FOM). Its genome consists of four dsRNA segments of 3515 bp (dsRNA1), 2663 bp (dsRNA2), 2368 bp (dsRNA3), and 1776 bp (dsRNA4) in length. Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) in dsRNA1 was found to encode a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whose amino acid sequence was 99.02% identical to that of its counterpart in FoAV1; while ORF2 in dsRNA2, ORF3 in dsRNA3, and ORF4 in dsRNA4 were all found to encode hypothetical proteins. Strain T-BJ17-VF, which was verified to FoAV1-FOM-free, was obtained using single-hyphal-tip culture combined with high-temperature treatment to eliminate FoAV1-FOM from strain T-BJ17. The colony growth rate, ability to produce spores, and virulence of strain T-BJ17 were significantly lower than those of T-BJ17-VF, while the dry weight of the mycelial biomass and the sensitivity to difenoconazole and pydiflumetofen of strain T-BJ17 were greater than those of T-BJ17-VF. FoAV1-FOM was capable of 100% vertical transmission via spores. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an alternavirus has infected FOM, and this is the first report of hypovirulence and increased sensitivity to difenoconazole and pydiflumetofen induced by FoAV1-FOM infection in FOM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China (X.Z.); (L.L.)
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Zhou Q, Yao Z, Cao X, Chen Y, Zou C, Chen B. Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1, a Member of Hypoviridae with Virulence Attenuation Capacity in Phytopathogenic Fusarium Species. Viruses 2024; 16:608. [PMID: 38675949 PMCID: PMC11054305 DOI: 10.3390/v16040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In a survey of mycoviruses in Fusarium species that cause sugarcane Pokkah boeng disease, twelve Fusarium strains from three Fusarium species (F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, and F. solani) were found to contain Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1 (FsHV1), which we reported previously. The genomes of these variants range from 13,966 to 13,983 nucleotides, with 98.6% to 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity and 98.70% to 99.9% protein sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis placed these FsHV1 variants within the Alphahypovirus cluster of Hypoviridae. Intriguingly, no clear correlation was found between the geographic origin and host specificity of these viral variants. Additionally, six out of the twelve variants displayed segmental deletions of 1.5 to 1.8 kilobases, suggesting the existence of defective viral dsRNA. The presence of defective viral dsRNA led to a two-thirds reduction in the dsRNA of the wild-type viral genome, yet a tenfold increase in the total viral dsRNA content. To standardize virulence across natural strains, all FsHV1 strains were transferred into a single, virus-free Fusarium recipient strain, FZ06-VF, via mycelial fusion. Strains of Fusarium carrying FsHV1 exhibited suppressed pigment synthesis, diminished microspore production, and a marked decrease in virulence. Inoculation tests revealed varying capacities among different FsHV1 variants to modulate fungal virulence, with the strain harboring the FsHV1-FSA1 showing the lowest virulence, with a disease severity index (DSI) of 3.33, and the FsHV1-FS1 the highest (DSI = 17.66). The identification of highly virulent FsHV1 variants holds promise for the development of biocontrol agents for Pokkah boeng management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuejia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Ministry and Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Hua H, Zhang X, Xia J, Wu X. A Novel Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Virus 1 Isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Strain X-GS16 Influences Phenotypes of F. oxysporum Strain HB-TS-YT-1 hyg. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:252. [PMID: 38667923 PMCID: PMC11050907 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel strain of Fusarium oxysporum virus 1 (FoV1) was identified from the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum strain X-GS16 and designated as Fusarium oxysporum virus 1-FON (FoV1-FON). The full genome of FoV1-FON is 2902 bp in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2, encoding a protein with an unknown function (containing a typical -1 slippery motif G_GAU_UUU at the 3'-end) and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. BLASTx search against the National Center for the Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant database showed that FoV1-FON had the highest identity (97.46%) with FoV1. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that FoV1-FON clustered with FoV1 in the proposed genus Unirnavirus. FoV1-FON could vertically transmit via spores. Moreover, FoV1-FON was transmitted horizontally from the F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum strain X-GS16 to the F. oxysporum strain HB-TS-YT-1hyg. This resulted in the acquisition of the F. oxysporum strain HB-TS-YT-1hyg-V carrying FoV1-FON. No significant differences were observed in the sporulation and dry weight of mycelial biomass between HB-TS-YT-1hyg and HB-TS-YT-1hyg-V. FoV1-FON infection significantly increased the mycelial growth of HB-TS-YT-1hyg, but decreased its virulence to potato tubers and sensitivity to difenoconazole, prochloraz, and pydiflumetofen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hypovirulence and reduced sensitivity to difenoconazole, prochloraz, and pydiflumetofen in F. oxysporum due to FoV1-FON infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.H.); (X.Z.); (J.X.)
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Liu F, Xia L, Cao S, Sun H, Chen H, Deng Q, Li W. A novel alternavirus with three dsRNA segments from Fusarium pseudograminearum, the pathogen of Fusarium crown rot in wheat. Arch Virol 2024; 169:49. [PMID: 38366289 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Three dsRNA segments were detected in Fusarium pseudograminearum strain CF14029, a pathogen causing Fusarium crown rot in China. Characterization and sequence analysis confirmed that these dsRNA sequences originated from the same virus. The viral genome consists of three dsRNA segments: dsRNA1 (3,560 nt in length), encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), dsRNA2 (2,544 nt in length), encoding a hypothetical protein, and dsRNA3 (2,478 nt in length), encoding a putative coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp and CP amino acid sequences revealed a high degree of similarity of this virus to members of the genus Alternavirus, family Alternaviridae, isolated from other Fusarium fungi. As a novel member of the genus Alternavirus, this virus was provisionally named "Fusarium pseudograminearum alternavirus 1" (FpgAV1). Like other alternaviruses found in Fusarium species, the positive-sense strand of each genomic dsRNA of FpgAV1 possesses a poly(A) tail and a distinctive 5'-terminal octamer sequence (5'-GCT GTG TG-3'). This is the first report of the genomic sequence of an alternavirus identified in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, 434025, Hubei, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, 434025, Hubei, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China.
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Xue H, Liu Q, Yang Z. Pathogenicity, Mycotoxin Production, and Control of Potato Dry Rot Caused by Fusarium spp.: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:843. [PMID: 37623614 PMCID: PMC10455408 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium dry rot is one of the major potato diseases during storage after harvest, which not only results in quality degradation but also causes great economic losses. The disease can be elicited by some species of Fusarium, and the pathogenic fungi of Fusarium causing potato dry rot are considerably diverse in various countries and regions. The disease caused by Fusarium spp. is associated with mycotoxins accumulation, which has phytotoxic and mycotoxic effects on humans and animals. Chemical synthetic fungicide is considered the main control measure for the Fusarium dry rot of potato; nevertheless, it is unfortunate that persistent application inevitably results in the emergency of a resistant strain and environmental contamination. A comprehensive disease control strategy includes potato cultivar selection, appropriate cultural practices (crop rotation, cultivate pattern, fertilization, and irrigation), harvesting processes and postharvest treatments (harvesting, classification, packaging, wound healing), and storage conditions (environmental disinfection, temperature, humidity and gas composition) along with the application of fungicide pre-harvest or post-harvest. Recently, emerging studies have indicated that eco-friendly strategies include physical control, chemical methods (such as the application of generally-recognised-as-safe (GRAS) compounds or chemical (elicitors) and biological control have been introduced to combat the Fusarium dry rot of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Xue
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qili Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Lanzhou Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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