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Asayag K, Peled E, Assalia M, Crispel Y, Yanovich C, Cohen H, Keren-Politansky A, Nadir Y. Steroids and Malignancy Increase Local Heparanase and Decrease Markers of Osteoblast Activity in Bone Tissue Microcirculation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1506. [PMID: 39766213 PMCID: PMC11673960 DOI: 10.3390/biom14121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis and steroids are known to activate the coagulation system and induce osteoporosis, pathological bone fractures, and bone pain. Heparanase is a protein known to enhance the hemostatic system and to promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of steroids and malignancy on the coagulation factors and osteoblast activity in the bone tissue. The effects of dexacort and malignant medium were evaluated in osteoblasts derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The bones of mice treated with dexacort for 1 month were studied. Bone biopsies of ten patients with bone metastasis, ten with steroid-induced avascular necrosis (AVN), and ten with osteoarthritis were compared to ten controls. We found that dexacort and malignant medium significantly increased the heparanase levels in osteoblasts and HUVECs and decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALKP). Peptide 16AC, derived from heparanase, which interacts with tissue factor (TF), further increased the effect, while peptide 6, which inhibits interactions between heparanase and TF, reversed the effect in these cells. The bone microcirculation of mice treated with dexacort exhibited significantly higher levels of heparanase, TF, TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI), TFPI-2, thrombin, and syndecan-1, but reduced levels of osteocalcin and ALKP. The pathological human bone biopsies' microcirculation exhibited significantly dilated blood vessels and higher levels of heparanase, TF, TFPI, TFPI-2, and fibrin. In summary, steroids and malignancy increased the activation of the coagulation system in the bone microcirculation and reduced the osteoblast activity. Heparanase inhibitors should be further investigated to attenuate bone fractures and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Asayag
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Eli Peled
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Orthopedic Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Mai Assalia
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Yonatan Crispel
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Chen Yanovich
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Haim Cohen
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Anat Keren-Politansky
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Yona Nadir
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (K.A.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.); (H.C.); (A.K.-P.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology—Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024; 291:3331-3366. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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