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Manyenya S, Nthiwa D, Lutta HO, Muturi M, Nyamota R, Mwatondo A, Watene G, Akoko J, Bett B. Multiple pathogens co-exposure and associated risk factors among cattle reared in a wildlife-livestock interface area in Kenya. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415423. [PMID: 39119353 PMCID: PMC11306132 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding multi-pathogen infections/exposures in livestock is critical to inform prevention and control measures against infectious diseases. We investigated the co-exposure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., and Coxiella burnetii in cattle in three zones stratified by land use change and with different wildlife-livestock interactions in Narok county, Kenya. We also assessed potential risk factors associated with the transmission of these pathogens in cattle. Methods We identified five villages purposively, two each for areas with intensive (zone 1) and moderate wildlife-livestock interactions (zone 2) and one for locations with low wildlife-livestock interactions (zone 3). We sampled 1,170 cattle from 390 herds through a cross-sectional study and tested the serum samples for antibodies against the focal pathogens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A questionnaire was administered to gather epidemiological data on the putative risk factors associated with cattle's exposure to the investigated pathogens. Data were analyzed using the Bayesian hierarchical models with herd number as a random effect to adjust for the within-herd clustering of the various co-exposures among cattle. Results Overall, 88.0% (95% CI: 85.0-90.5) of the cattle tested positive for at least one of the targeted pathogens, while 41.7% (95% CI: 37.7-45.8) were seropositive to at least two pathogens. FMDV and Brucella spp. had the highest co-exposure at 33.7% (95% CI: 30.9-36.5), followed by FMDV and Leptospira spp. (21.8%, 95% CI: 19.5-24.4), Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp. (8.8%, 95% CI: 7.2-10.6), FMDV and C. burnetii (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.7-2.8), Brucella spp. and C. burnetii (1.0%, 95% CI: 0.3-2.2), and lowest for Leptospira spp. and C. burnetii (0.3%, 95% CI: 0.0-1.2). Cattle with FMDV and Brucella spp., and Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. co-exposures and those simultaneously exposed to FMDV, Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. were significantly higher in zone 1 than in zones 2 and 3. However, FMDV and Leptospira spp. co-exposure was higher in zones 1 and 2 than zone 3. Discussion/conclusion We recommend the establishment of a One Health surveillance system in the study area to reduce the morbidity of the targeted zoonotic pathogens in cattle and the risks of transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophina Manyenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harrison Osundwa Lutta
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kabete Centre, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Muturi
- Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Athman Mwatondo
- Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace Watene
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Akoko
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Wubshet AK, Werid GM, Teklue T, Zhou L, Bayasgalan C, Tserendorj A, Liu J, Heath L, Sun Y, Ding Y, Wang W, Zaberezhny AD, Liu Y, Zhang J. Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360256. [PMID: 38903686 PMCID: PMC11187330 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several factors, such as diverse serotypes, vaccination methods, weak biosecurity, and animal movements, contribute to recurrent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) outbreaks in Africa, establishing endemicity. These outbreaks cost over $2 billion annually, prompting a high-priority focus on FMDV vaccination. Despite extensive efforts, vaccine efficacy varies. This study aims to evaluate routine foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Africa via systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of FMDV vaccination using the meta for package of R. Results Vaccinated animals have roughly a 69.3% lower chance of FMDV infection compared to unvaccinated animals, as indicated by the pooled results from the random-effects model, which showed a risk ratio (RR) of 0.3073. There was a statistically significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) across all of the included articles. Conclusion Overall findings suggest that if properly planned and implemented, FMDV vaccination programs and strategies in Africa could help control the spread of the disease throughout the continent and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Basics and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | | | - Luoyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | | | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Alexei D. Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry” (FSBSI VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Bandaw T, Gebremeskel HF, Muluneh A, Mengistu TS, Kebede IA. Seroprevalence and molecular detection of foot and mouth disease virus in cattle in selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7929. [PMID: 38575673 PMCID: PMC10994912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, endemic, and acute viral cattle ailment that causes major economic damage in Ethiopia. Although several serotypes of the FMD virus have been detected in Ethiopia, there is no documented information about the disease's current serostatus and serotypes circulating in the Wolaita zone. Thus, from March to December 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate FMDV seroprevalence, molecular detection, and serotype identification in three Wolaita Zone sites. A multistage sample procedure was used to choose three peasant associations from each study region, namely Wolaita Sodo, Offa district, and Boloso sore district. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to pick 384 cattle from the population for the seroprevalence research, and 10 epithelial tissue samples were purposefully taken from outbreak individuals for molecular detection of FMDV. The sera were examined using 3ABC FMD NSP Competition ELISA to find antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins, whereas epithelial tissue samples were analyzed for molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR, and sandwich ELISA was used to determine the circulating serotypes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associated risk variables. The total seroprevalence of FMD in cattle was 46.88% (95% CI 41.86-51.88), with Wolaita Sodo Town having the highest seroprevalence (63.28%). As a consequence, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that animal age, herd size, and interaction with wildlife were all substantially related to FMD seroprevalence (p < 0.05). During molecular detection, only SAT-2 serotypes were found in 10 tissue samples. Thus, investigating FMD outbreaks and identifying serotypes and risk factors for seropositivity are critical steps in developing effective control and prevention strategies based on the kind of circulating serotype. Moreover, further research for animal species other than cattle was encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamenech Bandaw
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Tilaye Shibiru Mengistu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Isayas Asefa Kebede
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Guder, Ethiopia.
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Al-Rawahi WA, Elshafie EI, Baqir S, Al-Ansari A, Wadsworth J, Hicks HM, Knowles NJ, Di Nardo A, King DP, Zientara S, Al Salloom F, Sangula A, Bernelin-Cottet C, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Al Riyami B. Detection of foot-and-mouth disease viruses from the A/AFRICA/G-I genotype in the Sultanate of Oman. Prev Vet Med 2024; 223:106113. [PMID: 38194859 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Rapid identification and characterization of circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains is crucial for effective disease control. In Oman, a few serological and molecular studies have been conducted to identify the strains of FMDV responsible for the outbreaks that have been occurring within the country. In this study, 13 oral epithelial tissue samples from cattle were collected from suspected cases of FMD in Ash Sharqiyah North, Al Batinah North, Dhofar and Ad Dhakhyilia governorates of Oman between 2018 and 2021. FMDV RNA was detected in all samples by real-time RT-PCR and viruses were isolated after one- or two-blind passages in the porcine Instituto Biologico-Rim Suino-2 cell line. Antigen capture ELISA characterized all isolates as serotype A and VP1 phylogenetic analysis placed all sequences within a single clade of the G-I genotype within the A/AFRICA topotype. These sequences shared the closest nucleotide identities to viruses circulating in Bahrain in 2021 (93.5% to 99.5%) and Kenya in 2017 (93.4% to 99.1%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that A/AFRICA/G-I viruses have been detected in Oman. Together with the closely related viruses detected recently in Bahrain, these findings reinforce the importance of deploying effective quarantine control measures to minimize the risks of transboundary transmission of FMD associated with the importation of cattle from East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Senan Baqir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aliya Al-Ansari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley M Hicks
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Antonello Di Nardo
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Zientara
- ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR1161 (ANSES, INRAe, Enva), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fajer Al Salloom
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Municipalities Affairs & Agriculture, Animal Wealth Directorate, Block 553, Building 2219, Road 55, Budaiya, Bahrain
| | - Abraham Sangula
- National Foot and Mouth Disease Laboratory, Embakasi, Road A, off Enterprise Road, P.O. Box 18021-00500, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR1161 (ANSES, INRAe, Enva), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali-Kassimi
- ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR1161 (ANSES, INRAe, Enva), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bahja Al Riyami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman.
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Banda F, Ludi AB, Wilsden G, Browning C, Kangwa HL, Mooya L, Ngoma M, Muuka GM, Mundia C, Fandamu P, Paton DJ, King DP, Quan M. The Immunogenicity of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Vaccine in Commercial and Subsistence Cattle Herds in Zambia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1818. [PMID: 38140222 PMCID: PMC10747988 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O (O/EA-2 topotype) in Southern Africa has changed the epidemiology of the disease and vaccine requirements of the region. Commercial and subsistence cattle herds in Zambia were vaccinated with an FMD virus serotype O Manisa vaccine according to a double- or single-dose vaccination schedule. Heterologous antibody responses induced by this vaccine against a representative O/EA-2 virus from Zambia were determined. Virus neutralisation tests (VNTs) showed double-dosed cattle had a mean reciprocal log virus neutralisation titre of 2.02 (standard error [SE] = 0.16, n = 9) for commercial herds and 1.65 (SE = 0.17, n = 5) for subsistence herds 56 days after the first vaccination (dpv). Significantly lower mean titres were observed for single-dosed commercial herds (0.90, SE = 0.08, n = 9) and subsistence herds (1.15, SE = 0.18, n = 3) 56 dpv. A comparison of these results and those generated by solid-phase competitive ELISA (SPCE) tests showed a statistically significant positive correlation by Cohen's kappa coefficient. Therefore, SPCE might be used in assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines in place of VNT. Furthermore, for this vaccine and field strain, a vaccination regime employing a two-dose primary course and revaccination after 4-6 months is likely to be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Banda
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Anna B. Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Ginette Wilsden
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Clare Browning
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Henry L. Kangwa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lynnfield Mooya
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Masuzyo Ngoma
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Muuka
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Cornelius Mundia
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - David J. Paton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Melvyn Quan
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
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