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Sidhu A, Singla N. Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions. Integr Zool 2024; 19:108-126. [PMID: 37231968 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations. The current study is the first to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast Asia. Rats in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately, and 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility parameters. Effect of 0.03% quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut crop fields. Treatment resulted in average consumption of 19.53 ± 1.80, 67.63 ± 5.50, and 246.67 ± 1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats, respectively. No reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03% quinestrol, even 30 days after cessation of treatment. Post-mortem examination showed a significant (P < 0.0001) effect of treatment on organ weights (testis, cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland) and different sperm parameters (sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count, and sperm abnormality) in the cauda epididymal fluid with partial reversibility after 60 days. A significant (P < 0.0001) effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed, suggesting its effect on spermatogenesis. Affected cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping treatment. Evaluation of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnut fields showed greater reductions in rodent activity in fields treated with 2% zinc phosphide followed by 0.03% quinestrol treatment as compared to fields treated with 2% zinc phosphide alone. Research concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of B. bengalensis populations, but long-term studies of the effectiveness of quinestrol under large-scale field conditions are needed to use it as part of an integrated pest control program for rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajooni Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Singla
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Banda F, Ludi AB, Wilsden G, Browning C, Kangwa HL, Mooya L, Ngoma M, Muuka GM, Mundia C, Fandamu P, Paton DJ, King DP, Quan M. The Immunogenicity of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Vaccine in Commercial and Subsistence Cattle Herds in Zambia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1818. [PMID: 38140222 PMCID: PMC10747988 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O (O/EA-2 topotype) in Southern Africa has changed the epidemiology of the disease and vaccine requirements of the region. Commercial and subsistence cattle herds in Zambia were vaccinated with an FMD virus serotype O Manisa vaccine according to a double- or single-dose vaccination schedule. Heterologous antibody responses induced by this vaccine against a representative O/EA-2 virus from Zambia were determined. Virus neutralisation tests (VNTs) showed double-dosed cattle had a mean reciprocal log virus neutralisation titre of 2.02 (standard error [SE] = 0.16, n = 9) for commercial herds and 1.65 (SE = 0.17, n = 5) for subsistence herds 56 days after the first vaccination (dpv). Significantly lower mean titres were observed for single-dosed commercial herds (0.90, SE = 0.08, n = 9) and subsistence herds (1.15, SE = 0.18, n = 3) 56 dpv. A comparison of these results and those generated by solid-phase competitive ELISA (SPCE) tests showed a statistically significant positive correlation by Cohen's kappa coefficient. Therefore, SPCE might be used in assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines in place of VNT. Furthermore, for this vaccine and field strain, a vaccination regime employing a two-dose primary course and revaccination after 4-6 months is likely to be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Banda
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Anna B. Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Ginette Wilsden
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Clare Browning
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Henry L. Kangwa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lynnfield Mooya
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Masuzyo Ngoma
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.L.K.); (L.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Muuka
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Cornelius Mundia
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (G.M.M.); (C.M.); (P.F.)
| | - David J. Paton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (A.B.L.); (G.W.); (C.B.); (D.J.P.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Melvyn Quan
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
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Castellar C, Petermann D, May De Mio LL. Epidemiological Relevance of Colletotrichum Species Isolated from Glomerella Leaf Spot Causing Symptoms in Apple Fruit. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3403-3413. [PMID: 37208821 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2934-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum isolates from apple leaves with symptoms of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) can cause fruit rot and several small lesion spots, here called Colletotrichum fruit spot (CFS). This work investigated the epidemiological relevance of Colletotrichum species obtained from leaves with GLS in causing diseases in immature apple fruit by comparing different fruit sizes (phenological stages) for symptom development. In the first experiment, five Colletotrichum species were inoculated in 'Gala' (Ø = 5.5 cm) and 'Eva' (Ø = 4.8 cm) fruit in the field (2016/17 season). Subsequently, C. chrysophilum and C. nymphaeae were inoculated in fruit of different sizes (Ø = 2.4 to 6.3 cm) in the field (2017/18 and 2021/22 seasons) and in the laboratory according to the phenological stages of growing fruit. At harvest of the immature inoculated fruit in the field, only CFS symptoms were observed in both cultivars. For Gala, the CFS incidence reached 50% regardless of season, pathogen species, and fruit size. For Eva, CFS symptoms were observed after inoculation with C. melonis in the 2016/17 season and in smaller fruit inoculated with C. chrysophilum and C. nymphaeae in 2021/22. During postharvest, bitter rot symptoms developed, but did not seem to come from CFS symptoms. It can be concluded that the Gala cultivar has a high susceptibility to CFS caused by the two Colletotrichum species of the greatest epidemiological importance for GLS in Brazil in all fruit sizes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Castellar
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Débora Petermann
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Louise Larissa May De Mio
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
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Mayhorn E, Butzbaugh J, Meier A. A Field Study of Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Devices and Implications for Load Disaggregation. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8253. [PMID: 37837083 PMCID: PMC10575275 DOI: 10.3390/s23198253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluations of nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms and technologies have mostly occurred in constrained, artificial environments. However, few field evaluations of NILM products have taken place in actual buildings under normal operating conditions. This paper describes a field evaluation of a state-of-the-art NILM product, tested in eight homes. The match rate metric-a technique recommended by a technical advisory group-was used to measure the NILM's success in identifying specific loads and the accuracy of the energy consumption estimates. A performance assessment protocol was also developed to address common issues with NILM mislabeling and ground-truth comparisons that have not been sufficiently addressed in past evaluations. The NILM product's estimates were compared to the submetered consumption of eight major appliances. Overall, the product had good performance in disaggregating the energy consumption of the electric water heaters, which included both electric resistance and heat-pump water heaters, but only a fair accuracy with refrigerators, dryers, and air conditioners. The performance was poor for cooking equipment, furnace fans, clothes washers, and dishwashers. Moreover, the product was often unable to detect major loads in homes. Typically, two or more appliances were not detected in a home. At least two dryers, furnace fans, and air conditioners went undetected across the eight homes. On the other hand, the dishwasher was detected in all homes where available or monitored. The key findings were qualitatively compared to those of past field evaluations. Potential areas for improvement in NILM product performance were determined along with areas where complementary technologies may be able to aid in load-disaggregation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony Mayhorn
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
| | | | - Alan Meier
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
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Ochwo S, Perez AM, Pérez Aguirreburualde MS. Beyond accuracy: leveraging ASSURED criteria for field evaluation of point-of-care tests for food animal diseases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1239111. [PMID: 37720479 PMCID: PMC10500061 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1239111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing availability of point-of-care tests (POCTs) for food-animal diseases offers opportunities for timely diagnosis, facilitating the efficient implementation of control measures. However, field assessment of new POCTs are yet to be standardized. This paper discusses the opportunity of expanding the current approach for the evaluation and validation of POCTs in food animal disease diagnosis, highlighting the limitations of traditional practice that primarily relies on estimating diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity). Here, the use of a protocol referred to as FIT-REASSURED, a modified framework combining the ASSURED and REASSURED criteria, is proposed to comprehensively assess POCTs. FIT-REASSURED encompasses key criteria such as fitness for purpose, real-time connectivity, ease of specimen collection, affordability, sensitivity, specificity, user-friendliness, rapidity and robustness, equipment-free operation, and deliverability. By incorporating these attributes, FIT-REASSURED provides a customizable approach to assess the accuracy, affordability, and utility of POCTs. Through collaborative efforts among stakeholders, the implementation of a standardized scorecard based on these FIT-REASSURED criteria can improve the reliability and practicality of POCTs in food-animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Ochwo
- Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Korpetis E, Ninou E, Mylonas I, Ouzounidou G, Xynias IN, Mavromatis AG. Bread Wheat Landraces Adaptability to Low-Input Agriculture. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2561. [PMID: 37447122 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat landraces were an important source of biodiversity used in agriculture before the widespread adoption of high-yielding commercial cultivars adapted to high inputs. Could future agriculture exploit these landraces in different cropping systems in organic or lower-input environments? A two-year field trial was conducted to evaluate grain yield, agronomic performance, and grain quality of bread wheat landraces under different cropping systems, including low-input/organic/conventional environments. Significant variability was found for almost all characteristics among landraces, which makes landraces valuable sources of genetic variation for breeding programs aimed at achieving high and consistent production as well as high-quality products in low-input/organic environments. Additionally, landraces play a crucial role in expanding the genetic diversity of cultivated bread wheat and mitigating biodiversity erosion, thereby enabling crops to better withstand the challenges of low-input/organic agriculture. The landrace "Xilokastro Lamias" had the highest yield among the landraces evaluated in the first growing season (2.65 t·ha-1) and one of the highest yields (2.52 t·ha-1) of all genotypes in the second growing season, which shows promising potential as a starting material in breeding programs targeting high and stable yields. GGE biplot analysis identified the landrace "Xilokastro Lamias", along with commercial cultivars "Yecora E" and "Panifor", as suitable candidates for direct use in low-input/organic wheat farming systems to achieve enhanced productivity. In the conventional environment (C2-IPGRB), commercial cultivars showed the highest values (3.09 to 3.41 ton·ha-1). Of the landraces, only the X4 showed a high GY (3.10 ton·ha-1) while the other landraces had ~33-85% lower yield. In the organic environment (O2-IPGRB), the highest productivity was found in the commercial cultivar X5 and the landrace X4. Commercial cultivars X8 and X7 showed ~68% reduction in GY in the organic environment compared to the conventional, while this reduction was half for the landraces. Finally, the reduction in grain yield between conventional and organic environments was observed to be 45% for commercial cultivars, while it was only half for landraces. This finding confirms the adaptability of landraces to organic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Korpetis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elissavet Ninou
- Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mylonas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, Lycovrissi, 141 23 Attika, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Xynias
- School of Agricultural Technol. & Food Technol. and Nutrition, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Mavromatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mohamad Jamil PAS, Mohammad Yusof NAD, Karuppiah K, Rasdi I, How V, Mohd Tamrin SB, Samsudin MH, Sambasivam S, Almutairi NS. Concept Development and Field Testing of Wireless Outdoor Indicator System for Use in Monitoring Exposures at Work among Malaysian Traffic Police. Toxics 2023; 11:385. [PMID: 37112612 PMCID: PMC10147009 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Real-time exposure air monitoring is essential to protect the respiratory health of the Malaysian traffic police. However, the data from monitoring stations have been inadequate to provide accurate information about their exposure. This report describes the conceptual design of a wireless exposure indicator system, and then evaluates the field performance of the system by collocation. The study tested the accuracy of particulate matter size 2.5 (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by comparing the measurements from the prototype with the measurements from reference instruments. The field testing found that the data tested were significantly correlated with each other (PM2.5-rs = 0.207, p = 0.019; NO2-rs = 0.576, p = 0.02 and CO-rs = 0.545, p = 0.04). The prototype proved to be successful as it can compute and transmit real-time monitoring data on the level of exposure to harmful air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof
- Engineering and Technology Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Karmegam Karuppiah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hasnolhadi Samsudin
- Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Sivasankar Sambasivam
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nayef Shabbab Almutairi
- Department Public Health, Al-Lith College of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 3712, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Suriano D, Prato M. An Investigation on the Possible Application Areas of Low-Cost PM Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3976. [PMID: 37112317 PMCID: PMC10143454 DOI: 10.3390/s23083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the availability on the market of low-cost sensors (LCSs) and low-cost monitors (LCMs) for air quality monitoring has attracted the interest of scientists, communities, and professionals. Although the scientific community has raised concerns about their data quality, they are still considered a possible alternative to regulatory monitoring stations due to their cheapness, compactness, and lack of maintenance costs. Several studies have performed independent evaluations to investigate their performance, but a comparison of the results is difficult due to the different test conditions and metrics adopted. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tried to provide a tool for assessing the possible uses of LCSs or LCMs by publishing guidelines to assign suitable application areas for each of them on the basis of the mean normalized bias (MNB) and coefficient of variance (CV) indicators. Until today, very few studies have analyzed LCS performance by referring to the EPA guidelines. This research aimed to understand the performance and the possible application areas of two PM sensor models (PMS5003 and SPS30) on the basis of the EPA guidelines. We computed the R2, RMSE, MAE, MNB, CV, and other performance indicators and found that the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.55 to 0.61, while the root mean squared error (RMSE) ranged from 11.02 µg/m3 to 12.09 µg/m3. Moreover, the application of a correction factor to include the humidity effect produced an improvement in the performance of the PMS5003 sensor models. We also found that, based on the MNB and CV values, the EPA guidelines assigned the SPS30 sensors to the "informal information about the presence of the pollutant" application area (Tier I), while PMS5003 sensors were assigned to the "supplemental monitoring of regulatory networks" area (Tier III). Although the usefulness of the EPA guidelines is acknowledged, it appears that improvements are necessary to increase their effectiveness.
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Mulatu A, Megersa N, Teferi D, Alemu T, Vetukuri RR. Biological management of coffee wilt disease ( Fusarium xylarioides) using antagonistic Trichoderma isolates. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1113949. [PMID: 37008493 PMCID: PMC10064059 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coffee wilt disease (CWD) is a serious threat to the food security of small-scale farmers in Ethiopia, causing significant reductions in coffee yield. Currently, there are no effective control measures available against the causative agent of CWD, Fusarium xylarioides. The main objective of this study was therefore to develop, formulate, and evaluate a range of biofungicides against F. xylarioides, derived from Trichoderma species and tested under in vitro, greenhouse, and field conditions. In total, 175 Trichoderma isolates were screened as microbial biocontrol agents against F. xylarioides. The efficacy of two biofungicide formulations, wettable powder and water dispensable granules, were tested on the susceptible Geisha coffee variety in three different agro-ecological zones in southwestern Ethiopia over three years. The greenhouse experiments were set up using a complete block design, while in the field a randomized complete block design was used, with twice yearly applications of biofungicide. The test pathogen spore suspension was applied to the coffee seedlings by soil drenching, and the subsequent incidence and severity of CWD evaluated annually. The mycelial growth inhibition profiles of the Trichoderma isolates against F. xylarioides ranged from 44.5% to 84.8%. In vitro experiments revealed that T. asperelloides AU71, T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 reduced the mycelial growth of F. xylarioides by over 80%. The greenhouse study indicated that wettable powder (WP) of T. asperellum AU131 had the highest biocontrol efficacy (84.3%), followed by T. longibrachiatum AU158 (77.9%) and T. asperelloides AU71 (71.2%); they also had a significant positive impact on plant growth. The pathogen-treated control plants had a disease severity index of 100% across all the field experiments, and of 76.7% in the greenhouse experiments. In comparison to untreated controls, the annual and cumulative disease incidence over the three years of the study period varied from 46.2 to 90%, 51.6 to 84.5%, and 58.2 to 91%, at the Teppi, Gera and Jimma field experimental locations. Overall, the greenhouse and field experiments and in vitro assays support the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma isolates, and T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 in particular are recommended for the management of CWD under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasa Mulatu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Teferi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ramesh Raju Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Johnson HE, Clifton M, Harbison JE, Erkapic A, Barrett-Wilt GA, Paskewitz S, Bartholomay L. Assessment of Truck-Mounted Area-Wide S-methoprene Applications to Manage West Nile Virus Vector Species in the Suburbs of Chicago, IL, USA. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:384-391. [PMID: 36484651 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus remains the leading cause of arboviral neuroinvasive disease in the United States, despite extensive efforts to control the mosquito vectors involved in transmission. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Altosid SR-20 (active ingredient, S-methoprene 20%) larvicide applications using truck-mounted ultra-low volume (ULV) dispersal equipment to target Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Cx. restuans (Theobald)larvae. A combination of emergence bioassays, open-field measurements of deposited S-methoprene and spray distribution using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and assessments of adult Culex spp. populations in response to applications were conducted over the summer of 2020 within the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District (IL, USA). Open-field applications revealed that dispersed Altosid SR-20 using ULV equipment was effective (75% emergence inhibition in susceptible lab strain Cx. pipiens larvae) up to 53 m. In suburban neighborhood applications, we found that S-methoprene deposition and larval emergence inhibition (EI) in front yards did not differ significantly from backyards. An overall EI of 46% and 28% were observed for laboratory strain Cx. pipiens and wild Cx. restuans larvae respectively, and both had an EI significantly higher than the untreated control group. The EI of exposed wild Cx. pipiens larvae did not differ from the untreated controls, suggesting an increased tolerance to S-methoprene. No difference in abundance of gravid or host-seeking adult Culex spp. post-application was detected between treated and untreated sites. These results document the ability of area-wide application to distribute S-methoprene, but this strategy will need further modifications and evaluation for Culex spp. management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Johnson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark Clifton
- North Shore Mosquito Abatement District, 117 Northfield Road, Northfield, IL 60093, USA
| | - Justin E Harbison
- Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Anastazia Erkapic
- North Shore Mosquito Abatement District, 117 Northfield Road, Northfield, IL 60093, USA
| | - Gregory A Barrett-Wilt
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAand
| | - Lyric Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Duan Z, He M, Akbar S, Zhao D, Zhang M, Li Y, Yao W. Confirmation of 'Pollen- and Seed-Specific Gene Deletor' System Efficiency for Transgene Excision from Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum under Field Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercial application of genetically modified plants has been seriously impeded by public concern surrounding the potential risks posed by such plants to the ecosystem and human health. Previously, we have developed a 'pollen- and seed-specific Gene Deletor' system that automatically excised all transgenes from the pollen and seeds of greenhouse-grown transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. In this study, we conducted seven field experiments over three consecutive years to evaluate the stability of transgene excision under field conditions. Our results showed that transgenes were stably excised from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum under field conditions with 100% efficiency. The stability of transgene excision was confirmed based on PCR, as well as the GUS staining patterns of various organs (roots, leaves, petiole, stem, flower, fruit, and seeds) from transgenic N. tabacum. In six transgenic lines (D4, D10, D31, D56, and D43), the transgenes were stably deleted in the T0 and T1 generations. Thus, the 'Gene Deletor' system is an efficient and reliable method to reduce pollen- and seed-mediated unintentional gene flow. This system might help to alleviate the food safety concerns associated with transgenic crops.
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Lantos C, Jancsó M, Székely Á, Nagy É, Szalóki T, Pauk J. Improvement of Anther Culture to integrate Doubled Haploid Technology in Temperate Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Breeding. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11243446. [PMID: 36559559 PMCID: PMC9788575 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) plant production, such as anther culture (AC), is an effective tool used in modern rice breeding programs. The improved efficient protocols applied can shorten the process of breeding. The effect of combinations of plant growth regulators (2.5 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L kinetin; 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP) in the induction medium were compared in AC for five rice breeding materials and combinations. Induction of calli ranged from 264.6 ± 67.07 to 468.8 ± 123.2 calli/100 anthers in AC of rice genotypes. Two basal media (MS and N6) and two combinations of growth regulators (1 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L kinetin; 1.5 mg/L BAP, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin) were used as regeneration media. The in vitro green plant production was the highest with the application of the N6NDK induction medium (NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin) and the MS-based regeneration medium (1 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/BAP and 1 mg/L kinetin) in anther culture of the '1009' genotype (95.2 green plantlets/100 anthers). The mean of five genotypes was 24.48 green plantlets/100 anthers for the best treatment. Flow cytometric analyses conducted identified the microspore origin of the haploid calli produced in AC, while the uniformity of spontaneous DH plants was checked in the DH1 and DH2 generations. Spontaneous chromosome doubling ranged from 38.1% to 57.9% (mean 42.1%), depending on the breeding source. The generated and selected DH lines were tested in micro- and small-plot field experiments to identify promising lines for a pedigree breeding program. The improved AC method was integrated in a Hungarian temperate rice pedigree breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Lantos
- Department of Biotechnology, Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Jancsó
- Research Center for Irrigation and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Árpád Székely
- Research Center for Irrigation and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Éva Nagy
- Oud’s Amazone Trading Pty Ltd., Risleys Hill Road, Federal, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Tímea Szalóki
- Research Center for Irrigation and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - János Pauk
- Department of Biotechnology, Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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Beuzelin JM, Larsen DJ, Roldán EL, Schwan Resende E. Susceptibility to Chlorantraniliprole in Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations Infesting Sweet Corn in Southern Florida. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:224-232. [PMID: 34984453 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole susceptibility was determined in diet-incorporation bioassays for six fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), populations feeding on sweet corn, Zea mays L., in southern Florida between 2017 and 2019. The LC50 and LC90 values of these populations estimated using probit analyses ranged from 0.022 to 0.084 ppm and 0.112 to 0.471 ppm, respectively. Thus, susceptibility levels among the six field populations varied, but to a relatively small extent, with approximately fourfold differences in LC50 and LC90 values between the most and least susceptible populations. These field populations were all less susceptible than a reference population maintained in the laboratory without prior exposure to chlorantraniliprole, with RR50 values between 5.3 and 20.1 and RR90 values between 14.3 and 60.3. These results suggest reduced chlorantraniliprole susceptibility in S. frugiperda populations collected in Florida sweet corn relative to a reference laboratory population. However, field experiments in 2017 and 2019 showed that foliar applications of chlorantraniliprole reduced S. frugiperda injury and infestations to levels comparable to or lower than applications of indoxacarb, novaluron, or spinetoram. This study does not provide evidence of practical resistance to chlorantraniliprole in S. frugiperda infesting Florida sweet corn fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M Beuzelin
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | - Donna J Larsen
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | - Erik L Roldán
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | - Eric Schwan Resende
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Belle Glade, FL, USA
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Buckner EA, Williams KF, Ramirez S, Darrisaw C, Carrillo JM, Latham MD, Lesser CR. A Field Efficacy Evaluation of In2Care Mosquito Traps in Comparison with Routine Integrated Vector Management at Reducing Aedes aegypti. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2021; 37:242-249. [PMID: 34817613 DOI: 10.2987/21-7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the predominant vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. This mosquito is difficult to control with conventional methods due to its container-inhabiting behavior and resistance to insecticides. Autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF), a potent larvicide, has shown promise as an additional tool to control Aedes species in small-scale field trials. However, few large-scale field evaluations have been conducted. We undertook a 6-month-long large-scale field study to compare the effectiveness and operational feasibility of using In2Care Mosquito Traps (In2Care Traps, commercially available Aedes traps with PPF and Beauveria bassiana) compared to an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy consisting of source reduction, larviciding, and adulticiding for controlling Ae. aegypti eggs, larvae, and adults. We found that while the difference between treatments was only statistically significant for eggs and larvae (P < 0.05 for eggs and larvae and P > 0.05 for adults), the use of In2Care Traps alone resulted in 60%, 57%, and 57% fewer eggs, larvae, and adults, respectively, collected from that site compared to the IVM site. However, In2Care Trap deployment and maintenance were more time consuming and labor intensive than the IVM strategy. Thus, using In2Care Traps alone as a control method for large areas (e.g., >20 ha) may be less practical for control programs with the capacity to conduct ground and aerial larviciding and adulticiding. Based on our study results, we conclude that In2Care Traps are effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti and have the most potential for use in areas without sophisticated control programs and within IVM programs to target hotspots with high population levels and/or risk of Aedes-borne pathogen transmission.
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Carbonell-Sahuquillo S, Lázaro-Carreño MI, Camacho J, Barrés-Fernández A, Albert E, Torres I, Bretón-Martínez JR, Martínez-Costa C, Navarro D. Evaluation of a rapid antigen detection test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device) as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for COVID-19 in a pediatric emergency department. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6803-6807. [PMID: 34289136 PMCID: PMC8426967 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the Panbio™ COVID‐19 Ag Rapid Test Device as a point‐of‐care diagnostic tool for COVID‐19 in 357 patients at a pediatric emergency department. Thirty‐four patients tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, of which 24 were positive by the antigen assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 70.5% and 100%, respectively. The PanBio RAD assay performed well for identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 infected children displaying high viral loads in the upper respiratory tract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María I Lázaro-Carreño
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Camacho
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - José R Bretón-Martínez
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Damodaran T, Rajan S, Muthukumar M, Ram Gopal, Yadav K, Kumar S, Ahmad I, Kumari N, Mishra VK, Jha SK. Biological Management of Banana Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Using Antagonistic Fungal Isolate CSR-T-3 ( Trichoderma reesei). Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595845. [PMID: 33391212 PMCID: PMC7772460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt in bananas is one of the most devastating diseases that poses a serious threat to the banana industry globally. With no effective control measures available to date, biological control has been explored to restrict the spread and manage the outbreak. We studied the effective biological control potential of different Trichoderma spp. in the management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). Expression of the defense related genes and metabolites in banana plants inoculated with Foc TR4 and treated with effective Trichoderma sp interactions were also studied. The in vitro growth inhibition of Foc TR4 by Trichoderma reesei isolate CSR-T-3 was 85.19% indicating a higher antagonistic potential than other Trichoderma isolates used in the study. Further, in in vivo assays, the banana plants treated with the isolate CSR-T-3 T. reesei had a significant reduction in the disease severity index (0.75) and also had increased phenological indices with respect to Foc TR4 treated plants. Enhanced activity of defense enzymes, such as β-1, 3-glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase with higher phenol contents were found in the Trichoderma isolate CSR-T-3 treated banana plants challenge-inoculated with Foc TR4. Fusarium toxins, such as fusaristatin A, fusarin C, chlamydosporal, and beauveric acid were identified by LC-MS in Foc TR4-infected banana plants while high intensity production of antifungal compounds, such as ß-caryophyllene, catechin-o-gallate, soyasapogenol rhamnosyl glucoronide, peptaibols, fenigycin, iturin C19, anthocyanin, and gallocatechin-o-gallate were detected in T. reesei isolate CSR-T-3 treated plants previously inoculated with Foc TR4. Gene expression analysis indicated the upregulation of TrCBH1/TrCBH2, TrXYL1, TrEGL1, TrTMK1, TrTGA1, and TrVEL1 genes in CSR-T-3 treatment. LC-MS and gene expression analysis could ascertain the upregulation of genes involved in mycoparasitism and the signal transduction pathway leading to secondary metabolite production under CSR-T-3 treatment. The plants in the field study showed a reduced disease severity index (1.14) with high phenological growth and yield indices when treated with T. reesei isolate CSR-T-3 formulation. We report here an effective biocontrol-based management technological transformation from lab to the field for successful control of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Foc TR4 in bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thukkaram Damodaran
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Rajan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoharan Muthukumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Gopal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavita Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay K Mishra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil K Jha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
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Han P, Mei H, Liu D, Zeng N, Tang X, Wang Y, Pan Y. Calibrations of Low-Cost Air Pollution Monitoring Sensors for CO, NO 2, O 3, and SO 2. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:E256. [PMID: 33401737 PMCID: PMC7795951 DOI: 10.3390/s21010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pollutant gases, such as CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 affect human health, and low-cost sensors are an important complement to regulatory-grade instruments in pollutant monitoring. Previous studies focused on one or several species, while comprehensive assessments of multiple sensors remain limited. We conducted a 12-month field evaluation of four Alphasense sensors in Beijing and used single linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest regressor (RFR), and neural network (long short-term memory (LSTM)) methods to calibrate and validate the measurements with nearby reference measurements from national monitoring stations. For performances, CO > O3 > NO2 > SO2 for the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The MLR did not increase the R2 after considering the temperature and relative humidity influences compared with the SLR (with R2 remaining at approximately 0.6 for O3 and 0.4 for NO2). However, the RFR and LSTM models significantly increased the O3, NO2, and SO2 performances, with the R2 increasing from 0.3-0.5 to >0.7 for O3 and NO2, and the RMSE decreasing from 20.4 to 13.2 ppb for NO2. For the SLR, there were relatively larger biases, while the LSTMs maintained a close mean relative bias of approximately zero (e.g., <5% for O3 and NO2), indicating that these sensors combined with the LSTMs are suitable for hot spot detection. We highlight that the performance of LSTM is better than that of random forest and linear methods. This study assessed four electrochemical air quality sensors and different calibration models, and the methodology and results can benefit assessments of other low-cost sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (P.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Han Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (P.H.); (H.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (X.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (P.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (X.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (X.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (X.T.); (Y.P.)
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Mei H, Han P, Wang Y, Zeng N, Liu D, Cai Q, Deng Z, Wang Y, Pan Y, Tang X. Field Evaluation of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors in Beijing. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4381. [PMID: 32764476 DOI: 10.3390/s20164381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous particulate matter (PM) sensors with great development potential have emerged. However, whether the current sensors can be used for reliable long-term field monitoring is unclear. This study describes the research and application prospects of low-cost miniaturized sensors in PM2.5 monitoring. We evaluated five Plantower PMSA003 sensors deployed in Beijing, China, over 7 months (October 2019 to June 2020). The sensors tracked PM2.5 concentrations, which were compared to the measurements at the national control monitoring station of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) at the same location. The correlations of the data from the PMSA003 sensors and MEE reference monitors (R2 = 0.83~0.90) and among the five sensors (R2 = 0.91~0.98) indicated a high accuracy and intersensor correlation. However, the sensors tended to underestimate high PM2.5 concentrations. The relative bias reached −24.82% when the PM2.5 concentration was >250 µg/m3. Conversely, overestimation and high errors were observed during periods of high relative humidity (RH > 60%). The relative bias reached 14.71% at RH > 75%. The PMSA003 sensors performed poorly during sand and dust storms, especially for the ambient PM10 concentration measurements. Overall, this study identified good correlations between PMSA003 sensors and reference monitors. Extreme field environments impact the data quality of low-cost sensors, and future corrections remain necessary.
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Zhang J, Li H, Liu M, Zhang H, Sun H, Wang H, Miao L, Li M, Shu R, Qin Q. A Greenhouse Test to Explore and Evaluate Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Insect Traps in the Monitoring and Control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Insects 2020; 11:insects11020094. [PMID: 32024157 PMCID: PMC7074224 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Population control of small sucking insects has been challenging, and alternative control methods are constantly being sought. Visual traps have long been used to monitor and control pests. Colored sticky cards are widely used for diurnal pests, but their effects are influenced by environmental light conditions. Artificial light traps are mostly used for nocturnal pests. Here, we explored and evaluated light-emitting diode (LED) traps for the monitoring and control of small diurnal sucking insects using greenhouse tests targeting the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. We tested the trapping efficacy of the LED water pan trap, assessed the most attractive LED light and analyzed its efficacy under different weather conditions. The results showed that the LED water pan trap was too inefficient to be useful. Green LEDs were more attractive than yellow LEDs, UV LEDs and green-UV combinations. Regardless of sunny or cloudy conditions, the green LED trap caught more than twice the number of whiteflies than the yellow sticky card alone under summer shading conditions. Our study suggests that LED traps have a significant field application value in whitefly mass trapping and may also be efficient for other diurnal insects. The design of LED traps specific for diurnal insects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Huyin Li
- Harmony Farm, Erdos 017299, China; (H.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Maorong Liu
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Erdos, Erdos 017000, China;
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Hai Sun
- Harmony Farm, Erdos 017299, China; (H.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongtuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruihao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (L.M.); (M.L.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ray Sarkar A, Sanyal G, Majumder S. Participatory design for selection of icons to represent daily activities of living for a vision-based rehabilitation-cum-assistance system for locked-in patients. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 15:282-291. [PMID: 30773068 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1568593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The majority of rehabilitation systems for locked-in patients are used for therapeutic purposes. However, round-the-clock assistance and support are essential after discharge from hospitals or nursing homes. This inspired us to develop a round-the-clock rehabilitation-cum-assistance system operated by eye gazes of locked-in patients. To do this, we aimed to identify the essential daily activities of living for locked-in patients and represent these activities using the most universally acceptable icons/images on the interface for the rehabilitation-cum-assistance system.Method: Activities were selected from available conventions and literature with advice from a local physiotherapy centre. Simple arithmetic averages and weighted averages of recognition rates for different icons representing different daily activities were calculated as per ISO 3864. Universal acceptability of the icons was compared based on responses from 72 locked-in patients across five different age groups. The final icons or images were then selected.Results: Three icons were categorized as identifiable with overall average recognition rates above 66.7%. Icons with average recognition rates 30-60% were considered to have "medium" recognisability and 21 icons were in this category. The average recognition rates of six icons were below 30% and were not acceptable. An overall recognition efficiency of 91% was achieved for participants from all age groups.Conclusions: The most preferred and unambiguous icons or images representing the essential daily activities of living were identified for use on the interface of our rehabilitation-cum-assistance system for round-the-clock operation.Implications for rehabilitationPerforming some of the daily activities by locked-in patients himself/herself is essential for self-independence as well as measures the level of regular improvement.Assistive technologies have huge potential for application for the purpose, especially the vision-based systems.Present technology is useful for development of a vision-based rehabilitation-cum-assistance system for 24 × 7 assistance for the locked-in patients.A new approach for real-time, user-based field evaluation of icons representing daily activities of living using statistical method of averaging of the recognition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Ray Sarkar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Goutam Sanyal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Somajyoti Majumder
- CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur, India
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Li H, Jiang H, Zhang W, Liu P, Wang S, Wang F, Zhang J, Yao Z. Laboratory and Field Investigation of the Feasibility of Crumb Rubber Waste Application to Improve the Flexibility of Anti-Rutting Performance of Asphalt Pavement. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1738. [PMID: 30223569 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of asphalt mix to low-temperature cracking and rutting at high temperature is very important to ensure the service performance of asphalt pavement under seasonal changes in temperature and loading. However, it is challenging to balance the improvement of such resistance by using additives, e.g., anti-rutting agent (ARA). This study focuses on improving the flexibility of anti-rutting asphalt mix by incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and ARA. The properties of the prepared modified asphalt mix were evaluated in the laboratory by performing wheel tracking, three-point bending, indirect tensile, and uniaxial compression tests. The experimental results showed that the dynamic stability of modified asphalt mix was significantly increased due to the addition of ARA and further improved by incorporating CR. The maximum bending strain at −10 °C was increased due to the contribution of CR. The results of indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus further indicated that the CR-modified anti-rutting mixture was more flexible. Moreover, the field observation and evaluation indicated that the CR-modified anti-rutting asphalt pavement met the standard requirements, better than normal asphalt mixture in many parameters. A conclusion can be made that incorporating CR in asphalt mixture prepared with ARA can improve pavement performance at both high and low in-service temperatures.
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Yao W, Ruan M, Qin L, Yang C, Chen R, Chen B, Zhang M. Field Performance of Transgenic Sugarcane Lines Resistant to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28228765 PMCID: PMC5296345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic disease is mainly caused by the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), which can significantly reduce stalk yield and sucrose content of sugarcane in the field. Coat protein mediated protection (CPMP) is an effective strategy to improve virus resistance. A 2-year field study was conducted to compare five independent transgenic sugarcane lines carrying the SCMV-CP gene (i.e., B2, B36, B38, B48, and B51) with the wild-type parental clone Badila (WT). Agronomic performance, resistance to SCMV infection, and transgene stability were evaluated and compared with the wild-type parental clone Badila (WT) at four experimental locations in China across two successive seasons, i.e., plant cane (PC) and 1st ratoon cane (1R). All transgenic lines derived from Badila had significantly greater tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH) as well as lower SCMV disease incidence than those from Badila in the PC and 1R crops. The transgenic line B48 was highly resistant to SCMV with less than 3% incidence of infection. The recovery phenotype of transgenic line B36 was infected soon after virus inoculation, but the subsequent leaves showed no symptoms of infection. Most control plants developed symptoms that persisted and spread throughout the plant with more than 50% incidence. B48 recorded an average of 102.72 t/ha, which was 67.2% more than that for Badila. The expression of the transgene was stable over many generations with vegetative propagation. These results show that SCMV-resistant transgenic lines derived from Badila can provide resistant germplasm for sugarcane breeding and can also be used to study virus resistance mechanisms. This is the first report on the development and field performance of transgenic sugarcane plants that are resistant to SCMV infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Miaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Lifang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Rukai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- IRREC-IFAS, University of FloridaFort Pierce, FL, USA
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Peterson Silveira R, Stergiou P, Carpes FP, Castro FADS, Katz L, Stefanyshyn DJ. Validity of a portable force platform for assessing biomechanical parameters in three different tasks. Sports Biomech 2016; 16:177-186. [PMID: 27588733 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1213875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the precision and accuracy of the vertical and anterior-posterior force components of the portable PASCO PS-2142 force plate. Impulse, peak force, and time to peak force were assessed and compared to a gold standard force plate in three different tasks: vertical jump, forward jump, and sprint start. Two healthy male participants performed ten trials for each task, resulting in 60 trials. Data analyses revealed good precision and accuracy for the vertical component of the portable force plate, with relative bias and root mean square (RMS) error values nearly the same in all tasks for the impulse, time to peak force, and peak force parameters. Precision and accuracy of the anterior-posterior component were lower for the impulse and time to peak force, with relative bias and RMS error values nearly the same between tasks. Despite the lower precision and accuracy of the anterior-posterior component of the portable force plate, these errors were systematic, reflecting a good repeatability of the measure. In addition, all variables presented good agreement between the portable and gold standard platforms. Our results provide a good perspective for using the aforementioned portable force plate in sports and clinical biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Peterson Silveira
- a School of Physical Education, Aquatic Sports Research Group , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Pro Stergiou
- c Centre for Video and Performance Analysis , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- d Laboratory of Neuromechanics , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Flávio A de S Castro
- a School of Physical Education, Aquatic Sports Research Group , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Larry Katz
- e Sport Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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Zheng LX, Zheng Y, Wu WJ, Fu YG. Field Evaluation of Different Wavelengths Light-Emitting Diodes as Attractants for Adult Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Neotrop Entomol 2014; 43:409-414. [PMID: 27193950 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, light traps with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used in integrated pest management. The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, a highly invasive pest which causes heavy damage to fruit trees and ornamental plants, exhibits positive phototaxis, and light trap is the most appropriate tool for monitoring. We evaluated the use of LEDs as an inexpensive light source and examined the relationship between the captured number and the population density of adult A. dispersus in the field. We found that the violet (405 nm) LED traps captured the most adults of A. dispersus, and the captured numbers were significantly higher than those of blue (460 nm), green (520 nm), yellow (570 nm), and red (650 nm) LED traps. The adults of A. dispersus captured by light traps equipped with violet LEDs and smeared with liquid paraffin had a significant positive correlation with the population density of adult A. dispersus in a guava orchard, with a correlation coefficient of 0.828. In general, the light traps with 15 violet LED bulbs hung into 550-mL plastic bottles and smeared with liquid paraffin were the portable devices for attraction of adult A. dispersus. The results have potential use for improving the efficiency of light traps at attracting and trapping the adult spiralling whitefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Zheng
- Lab of Insect Ecology, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Lab of Insect Ecology, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, China
| | - W J Wu
- Lab of Insect Ecology, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Y G Fu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
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