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Ren N, Jin Q, Wang F, Huang D, Yang C, Zaman W, Salazar FV, Liu Q, Yuan Z, Xia H. Evaluation of vector susceptibility in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens to Tibet orbivirus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0006224. [PMID: 38530016 PMCID: PMC11036799 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a newly identified arbovirus, efficiently replicates in different types of vertebrate and mosquito cells, with its neutralizing antibodies detected in cattle and goats. However, despite being isolated from Culicoides midges, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on its vector competence. Thus, in this study, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens were reared in the laboratory to measure vector susceptibility through blood-feeding infection. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was used to examine the overall alterations in the Ae. aegypti transcriptome following TIBOV infection. The results revealed that Ae. aegypti exhibited a high susceptibility to TIBOV compared to Cx. p. pallens. Effective replication of the virus in Ae. aegypti midguts occurred when the blood-feeding titer of TIBOV exceeded 105 plaque-forming units mL-1. Nevertheless, only a few TIBOV RNA-positive samples were detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti and Cx. p. pallens, suggesting that these mosquito species may not be the primary vectors for TIBOV. Moreover, at 2 dpi of TIBOV, numerous antimicrobial peptides downstream of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways were significantly downregulated in Ae. aegypti, indicating that TIBOV suppressed mosquitos' defense to survive in the vector at an early stage. Subsequently, the stress-activated protein kinase JNK, a crucial component of the MAPK signaling pathway, exhibited significant upregulation. Certain genes were also enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway in TIBOV-infected Ae. aegypti at 7 dpi.IMPORTANCETibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is an understudied arbovirus of the genus Orbivirus. Our study is the first-ever attempt to assess the vector susceptibility of this virus in two important mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens. Additionally, we present transcriptome data detailing the interaction between TIBOV and the immune system of Ae. aegypti, which expands the knowledge about orbivirus infection and its interaction with mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wahid Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Lin Y, Pascall DJ. Characterisation of putative novel tick viruses and zoonotic risk prediction. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10814. [PMID: 38259958 PMCID: PMC10800298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-associated viruses remain a substantial zoonotic risk worldwide, so knowledge of the diversity of tick viruses has potential health consequences. Despite their importance, large amounts of sequences in public data sets from tick meta-genomic and -transcriptomic projects remain unannotated, sequence data that could contain undocumented viruses. Through data mining and bioinformatic analysis of more than 37,800 public meta-genomic and -transcriptomic data sets, we found 83 unannotated contigs exhibiting high identity with known tick viruses. These putative viral contigs were classified into three RNA viral families (Alphatetraviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Chuviridae) and one DNA viral family (Asfarviridae). After manual checking of quality and dissimilarity towards other sequences in the data set, these 83 contigs were reduced to five contigs in the Alphatetraviridae from four putative viruses, four in the Orthomyxoviridae from two putative viruses and one in the Chuviridae which clustered with known tick-associated viruses, forming a separate clade within the viral families. We further attempted to assess which previously known tick viruses likely represent zoonotic risks and thus deserve further investigation. We ranked the human infection potential of 133 known tick-associated viruses using a genome composition-based machine learning model. We found five high-risk tick-associated viruses (Langat virus, Lonestar tick chuvirus 1, Grotenhout virus, Taggert virus and Johnston Atoll virus) that have not been known to infect human and two viral families (Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae) that contain a large proportion of potential zoonotic tick-associated viruses. This adds to the knowledge of tick virus diversity and highlights the importance of surveillance of newly emerging tick-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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Yang Z, He Y, Chen Y, Meng J, Li N, Li S, Wang J. Full genome characterization and evolutionary analysis of Banna virus isolated from Culicoides, mosquitoes and ticks in Yunnan, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1283580. [PMID: 38035340 PMCID: PMC10687475 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Banna virus (BAV), a potential pathogen that may cause human encephalitis, is the prototype species of genus Seadornaviru within the family Reoviridae, and has been isolated from a variety of blood-sucking insects and mammals in Asia. Methods Culicoides, Mosquitoes, and Ticks were collected overnight in Yunnan, China, during 2016-2023 using light traps. Virus was isolated from these collected blood-sucking insects and grown using Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. Preliminary identification of the virus was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). The full genome sequences of the BAVs were determined by full-length amplification of cDNAs (FLAC) and sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Results In this study, 13 strains BAV were isolated from Culicoides, Mosquitoes and Ticks. Their viral genome consisted of 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and with three distinct distribution patterns. Sequence analysis showed that Seg-5 of four strains (SJ_M46, SJ_M49, JC_M19-13 and JC_C24-13) has 435 bases nucleotide sequence insertions in their ORF compared to other BAVs, resulting in the length of Seg-5 up to 2128 nt. There are 34 bases sequence deletion in Seg-9 of 3 strains (WS_T06, MS_M166 and MS_M140). Comparison of the coding sequences of VP1, VP2, VP5, VP9 and VP12 of the 13 BAV strains, the results show that VP1, VP2 and VP12 are characterised by high levels of sequence conservation, while VP9 is highly variable, under great pressure to adapt and may be correlated with serotype. While also variable, VP5 appears to be under less adaptive pressure than VP9. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the 13 BAV strains locate in the same evolutionary cluster as BAVs isolated from various blood-sucking insects, and are clustered according to geographical distribution. Conclusion The data obtained herein would be beneficial for the surveillance of evolutionary characteristics of BAV in China and neighboring countries as well as extend the knowledge about its genomic diversity and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiju Chen
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Susheng Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mohd Jaafar F, Belhouchet M, Monsion B, Bell-Sakyi L, Mertens PPC, Attoui H. Orbivirus NS4 Proteins Play Multiple Roles to Dampen Cellular Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1908. [PMID: 37766314 PMCID: PMC10535134 DOI: 10.3390/v15091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 4 (NS4) of insect-borne and tick-borne orbiviruses is encoded by genome segment 9, from a secondary open reading frame. Though a protein dispensable for bluetongue virus (BTV) replication, it has been shown to counter the interferon response in cells infected with BTV or African horse sickness virus. We further explored the functional role(s) of NS4 proteins of BTV and the tick-borne Great Island virus (GIV). We show that NS4 of BTV or GIV helps an E3L deletion mutant of vaccinia virus to replicate efficiently in interferon-treated cells, further confirming the role of NS4 as an interferon antagonist. Our results indicate that ectopically expressed NS4 of BTV localised with caspase 3 within the nucleus and was found in a protein complex with active caspase 3 in a pull-down assay. Previous studies have shown that pro-apoptotic caspases (including caspase 3) suppress type I interferon response by cleaving mediators involved in interferon signalling. Our data suggest that orbivirus NS4 plays a role in modulating the apoptotic process and/or regulating the interferon response in mammalian cells, thus acting as a virulence factor in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Mourad Belhouchet
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK;
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
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Monsion B, Mohd Jaafar F, Mertens PPC, Attoui H. Uncovering the Underlying Mechanisms Blocking Replication of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 (BTV-26) in Culicoides Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:878. [PMID: 37371457 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 12 serotypes of 'atypical' bluetongue virus (BTV-25 to BTV-36) have been identified to date. These atypical serotypes fail to infect/replicate in Culicoides-derived cell lines and/or adult Culicoides vectors and hence can no longer be transmitted by these vectors. They appear to be horizontally transmitted from infected to in-contact ruminants, although the route(s) of infection remain to be identified. Viral genome segments 1, 2 and 3 (Seg-1, Seg2 and Seg-3) of BTV-26 were identified as involved in blocking virus replication in KC cells. We have developed Culicoides-specific expression plasmids, which we used in transfected insect cells to assess the stability of viral mRNAs and protein expression from full-length open reading frames of Seg-1, -2 and -3 of BTV-1 (a Culicoides-vectored BTV) or BTV-26. Our results indicate that the blocked replication of BTV-26 in KC cells is not due to an RNAi response, which would lead to rapid degradation of viral mRNAs. A combination of degradation/poor expression and/or modification of the proteins encoded by these segments appears to drive the failure of BTV-26 core/whole virus-particles to assemble and replicate effectively in Culicoides cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Peter P C Mertens
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Mohd Jaafar F, Monsion B, Mertens PPC, Attoui H. Identification of Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein 5 (NS5), Its Role and Interaction with RNA/DNA in Infected Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076845. [PMID: 37047816 PMCID: PMC10095184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatic analyses have predicted that orbiviruses encode an additional, small non-structural protein (NS5) from a secondary open reading frame on genome segment 10. However, this protein has not previously been detected in infected mammalian or insect cells. NS5-specific antibodies were generated in mice and were used to identify NS5 synthesised in orbivirus-infected BSR cells or cells transfected with NS5 expression plasmids. Confocal microscopy shows that although NS5 accumulates in the nucleus, particularly in the nucleolus, which becomes disrupted, it also appears in the cell cytoplasm, co-localising with mitochondria. NS5 helps to prevent the degradation of ribosomal RNAs during infection and reduces host-cell protein synthesis However, it helps to extend cell viability by supporting viral protein synthesis and virus replication. Pulldown studies showed that NS5 binds to ssRNAs and supercoiled DNAs and demonstrates interactions with ZBP1, suggesting that it modulates host-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Yang Z, He Y, Meng J, Li N, Wang J. Full-genome characterisation of a putative novel serotype of Yonaguni orbivirus isolated from cattle in Yunnan province, China. Virus Genes 2023; 59:223-233. [PMID: 36441333 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In July 2019, a novel viral strain (JH2019C603) was isolated from sentinel cattle in Jinghong City, in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The virus replicated and caused cytopathological effects in both Aedes albopictus (C6/36) and Baby Hamster Syrian Kidney (BHK-21) cells. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a viral genome comprised of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, with a 1-2-2-1-1-1-1-1 migration pattern. Complete genome sequences of the JH2019C603 virus were determined through full-length cDNA amplification. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid (aa) sequences of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (Pol), Major subcore (T2) and Major core-surface (T13) showed that JH2019C603 clustered with Yonaguni orbivirus (YONOV) from Japan, with aa identities relative to YONOV of 97.7% (Pol), 99.0% (T2) and 98.5% (T13). However, phylogenetic analysis based on the aa sequences of the outer capsid protein one and two (OC1 and OC2) showed that JH2019C603 formed an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree, and its aa identity with YONOV was only 55.4% (OC1) and 80.8% (OC2), respectively. Compared with the prototype of YONOV, a notable sequence deletion was observed in the 3' non-coding region of NS1, with the NS1 of JH2019C603 encoded within segment 7 (Seg-7), in contrast to YONOV, which contains NS1 in Seg-6. These results indicate that JH2019C603 belongs to the YONOV lineage and might be a novel serotype or a highly variant strain of YONOV. These findings will facilitate the identification of new isolates and clarify their geographical distribution, epidemiology, genetic diversity and possible disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Characterization of a Novel Orbivirus from Cattle Reveals Active Circulation of a Previously Unknown and Pathogenic Orbivirus in Ruminants in Kenya. mSphere 2023; 8:e0048822. [PMID: 36794933 PMCID: PMC10117150 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00488-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are among emerging pathogens of public and veterinary health significance. However, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, their role in the aetiologies of diseases in farm animals is poorly described due to paucity of active surveillance and appropriate diagnosis. Here, we report the discovery of a previously unknown orbivirus in cattle collected in the Kenyan Rift Valley in 2020 and 2021. We isolated the virus in cell culture from the serum of a clinically sick cow aged 2 to 3 years, presenting signs of lethargy. High-throughput sequencing revealed an orbivirus genome architecture with 10 double-stranded RNA segments and a total size of 18,731 bp. The VP1 (Pol) and VP3 (T2) nucleotide sequences of the detected virus, tentatively named Kaptombes virus (KPTV), shared maximum similarities of 77.5% and 80.7% to the mosquito-borne Sathuvachari virus (SVIV) found in some Asian countries, respectively. Screening of 2,039 sera from cattle, goats, and sheep by specific RT-PCR identified KPTV in three additional samples originating from different herds collected in 2020 and 2021. Neutralizing antibodies against KPTV were found in 6% of sera from ruminants (12/200) collected in the region. In vivo experiments with new-born and adult mice induced body tremors, hind limb paralysis, weakness, lethargy, and mortality. Taken together, the data suggest the detection of a potentially disease-causing orbivirus in cattle in Kenya. Its impact on livestock, as well as its potential economic damage, needs to be addressed in future studies using targeted surveillance and diagnostics. IMPORTANCE The genus Orbivirus contains several viruses that cause large outbreaks in wild and domestic animals. However, there is little knowledge on the contribution of orbiviruses to diseases in livestock in Africa. Here, we report the identification of a novel presumably disease-causing orbivirus in cattle, Kenya. The virus, designated Kaptombes virus (KPTV), was initially isolated from a clinically sick cow aged 2 to 3 years, presenting signs of lethargy. The virus was subsequently detected in three additional cows sampled in neighboring locations in the subsequent year. Neutralizing antibodies against KPTV were found in 10% of cattle sera. Infection of new-born and adult mice with KPTV caused severe symptoms and lead to death. Together, these findings indicate the presence of a previously unknown orbivirus in ruminants in Kenya. These data are of relevance as cattle represents an important livestock species in farming industry and often is the main source of livelihoods in rural areas of Africa.
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Yang Z, Li N, He Y, Meng J, Wang J. Genetic Characterization of DH13M98, Umatilla Virus, Isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Yunnan Province, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:35-43. [PMID: 36595376 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In August 2013, a virus strain (DH13M98) was isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles collected in Mangshi, the southwestern border area of Yunnan Province, China. The virus replicated and caused cytopathic effects (CPE) in Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells, but not in baby hamster Syrian kidney (BHK-21) cells. Materials and Methods: Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) analysis revealed that the DH13M98 virus was a 10-segment double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, with a "1-1-1-2-1-1-2-1" pattern. The full genome of the DH13M98 virus was sequenced by full-length amplification of complementary DNAs (FLAC). Results: Phylogenetic analysis of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol), major subcore-shell (T2), and major core-surface (T13) protein showed that DH13M98 clustered with Umatilla virus (UMAV), and the amino acid (aa) sequences of DH13M98 shared more than 89.5% (Pol), 95% (T2), and 91.1% (T13) identity with UMAV. However, the aa identity of outer capsid protein one (OC1) of DH13M98 with other UMAV was 57.1-79.2%, suggesting that DH13M98 was UMAV, but distinct from other strains of UMAV from the United States, Japan, and Germany at OC1, and it may be a high variant strain of UMAV, even a new serotype. Conclusion: This is the first isolation of UMAV in China, which enriches the resources of virus species in China and provides new insights into the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Cameron KN, Mombouli JV, Niama FR, Hayes B, Olson SH, Smith BR, Pante J, Roy S, Laudisoit A, Goldstein T, Joly DO, Bagamboula MPassi R, Lange CE. Orbivirus RNA in a Banana Serotine (Afronycteris nanus) Bat in the Republic of the Congo. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:443-449. [PMID: 36629956 PMCID: PMC9838363 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Orbiviruses are arthropod borne viruses of vertebrates, with some of them being important pathogens of veterinary, conservation and economic importance, while others are occasionally associated with human disease. Some apparently bat specific orbiviruses have been detected, but little is known about their distribution and diversity. We thus sampled and screened 52 bats living in the Congo Basin, and detected RNA indicative of a novel orbivirus in a single banana serotine (Afronycteris nanus) by PCR. The detected RNA clusters with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus, and others. The findings highlight the need for more studies into arbovirus presence and diversity in bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N Cameron
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
- Unites States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bailey's Crossroads, VA, USA
| | | | - Fabien R Niama
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Ben Hayes
- Monadh, Inveruglas, Kingussie, Inverness-Shire, UK
| | | | - Brett R Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Pante
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sanjit Roy
- Labyrinth Global Health, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Damien O Joly
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Christian E Lange
- Labyrinth Global Health, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
- Metabiota Inc, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
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11
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Li Z, Li Z, Yang Z, Li L, Gao L, Xie J, Liao D, Gao X, Hu Z, Niu B, Yao P, Zeng W, Li H, Yang H. Isolation and characterization of two novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus from Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3371-3387. [PMID: 36047657 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a new candidate of Orbivirus genus, was initially isolated from mosquitoes in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently from both Culicoides and mosquitoes in several provinces of China and Japan. Little is known about the origin, genetic diversity, dissemination and pathogenicity of TIBOV, although its potential threat to animal health has been acknowledged. In this study, two viruses, V290/YNSZ and V298/YNJH, were isolated from the Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province. Their genome sequences, cell tropism in mammalian and insect cell lines along with pathogenicity in suckling mice were determined. Genome phylogenetic analyses confirmed their classification as TIBOV species; however, OC1 proteins of the V290/YNSZ and V298/YNJH shared maximum sequence identities of 31.5% and 33.9% with other recognized TIBOV serotypes (TIBOV-1 to TIBOV-4) and formed two monophyletic branches in phylogenetic tree, indicating they represented two novel TIBOV serotypes which were tentatively designated as TIBOV-5 and TIBOV-6. The viruses replicated robustly in BHK, Vero and C6/36 cells and triggered overt clinical symptoms in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation, causing mortality of 100% and 25%. Cross-sectional epidemiology analysis revealed silent circulation of TIBOV in Yunnan Province with overall prevalence of 16.4% (18/110) in cattle, 10.8% (13/120) in goats and 5.5% (6/110) in swine. The prevalence patterns of four investigated TIBOV serotypes (TIBOV-1, -2, -5 and 6) differed from each one another, with their positive rates ranging from 8.2% (9/110) for TIBOV-2 in cattle to 0.9% (1/110) for TIBOV-1 and TIBOV-5 in cattle and swine. Our findings provided new insights for diversity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of TIBOV and formed a basis for future studies addressing the geographical distribution and the zoonotic potential of TIBOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Le Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jiarui Xie
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Defang Liao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jinghong County, Jinghong, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jinghong County, Jinghong, China
| | - Baosheng Niu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shizong County, Qujing, China
| | - Pingfen Yao
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shizong County, Qujing, China
| | - Weikun Zeng
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Huachun Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China.,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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12
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Guo L, Ma J, Lin J, Chen M, Liu W, Zha J, Jin Q, Hong H, Huang W, Zhang L, Zhang K, Wei Z, Liu Q. Virome of Rhipicephalus ticks by metagenomic analysis in Guangdong, southern China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966735. [PMID: 36033874 PMCID: PMC9403862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) have increasingly caused a global public health concern. This study collected Rhipicephalus ticks in Guangdong, southern China to identify RNA viruses. Meta-transcriptome analysis revealed the virome in Rhipicephalus ticks, resulting in the discovery of 10 viruses, including Lihan tick virus, Brown dog tick phlebovirus 1 and 2 in the family Phenuiviridae, Mivirus and Wuhan tick virus 2 in the family Chuviridae, Wuhan tick virus 1 in the family Rhabdoviridae, bovine hepacivirus in the family Flaviviridae, Guangdong tick quaranjavirus (GTQV) in the family Orthomyxoviridae, Guangdong tick orbivirus (GTOV) in the family Reoviridae, and Guangdong tick Manly virus (GTMV) of an unclassified family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of these TBVs were genetically related to the strains in countries outside China, and GTQV, GTOV, and GTMV may represent novel viral species. These findings provided evidence of the long-distance spread of these TBVs in Guangdong, southern China, suggesting the necessity and importance of TBV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanying Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junwei Lin
- Jieyang Animal Health Supervision Institute, Jieyang, China
| | - Meiyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jin Zha
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qinqin Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hongrong Hong
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weinan Huang
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huilai County, Jieyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ketong Zhang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Zhengkai Wei,
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Liu,
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13
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Full Genome Sequencing of Three Sedoreoviridae Viruses Isolated from Culicoides spp. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050971. [PMID: 35632713 PMCID: PMC9145729 DOI: 10.3390/v14050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedoreoviridae is a family of viruses belonging to the order Reovirales and comprises six genera, two of which, Orbivirus and Seadornavirus, contain arboviruses that cause disease in humans and livestock. Areas such as Yunnan Province in southwestern China, have high arboviral activity due in part to warm and wet summers, which support high populations of biting flies such as mosquitoes and Culicoides. Three viral isolates previously obtained from Culicoides collected at cattle farms in Shizong County of Yunnan Province, China, between 2019 and 2020 were completely sequenced and identified as Banna virus (BAV) genotype A of Seadornavirus and serotypes 1 and 7 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) of Orbivirus. These results suggest that Culicoidestainanus and C. orientalis are potential vectors of BAV and EHDV, respectively, and represent the first association of a BAV with C. tainanus and of an arbovirus with C. orientalis. Analysis using VP9 generally agreed with the current groupings within this genus based on VP12, although the classification for some strains should be corrected. Furthermore, the placement of Kadipiro virus (KDV) and Liao ning virus (LNV) in Seadornavirus may need confirmation as phylogenetic analysis placed these viruses as sister to other species in the genus.
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14
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O'Brien CA, Huang B, Warrilow D, Hazlewood JE, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Hall-Mendelin S, Pegg CL, Harrison JJ, Paramitha D, Newton ND, Schulz BL, Suhrbier A, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA. Extended characterisation of five archival tick-borne viruses provides insights for virus discovery in Australian ticks. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:59. [PMID: 35180893 PMCID: PMC8857802 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A subset of Australians who have been bitten by ticks experience a complex of chronic and debilitating symptoms which cannot be attributed to the known pathogenic species of bacteria present in Australia. As a result, there has been a renewed effort to identify and characterise viruses in Australian terrestrial ticks. Recent transcriptome sequencing of Ixodes and Amblyomma ticks has revealed the presence of multiple virus sequences. However, without virus isolates our ability to understand the host range and pathogenesis of newly identified viruses is limited. We have established a successful method for high-throughput virus discovery and isolation in mosquitoes using antibodies to double-stranded RNA. In this study we sought to characterise five archival tick-borne viruses to adapt our virus discovery protocol for Australian ticks. Methods We performed virus characterisation using a combination of bioinformatic sequence analysis and in vitro techniques including replication kinetics, antigenic profiling, virus purification and mass spectrometry. Results Our sequence analysis of Nugget virus, Catch-me-Cave virus and Finch Creek virus revealed marked genetic stability in isolates collected from the same location approximately 30 years apart. We demonstrate that the Ixodes scapularis-derived ISE6 cell line supports replication of Australian members of the Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Reoviridae families, including Saumarez Reef virus (SREV), a flavivirus isolated from the soft tick Ornithodoros capensis. While antibodies against double-stranded RNA could be used to detect replication of a tick-borne reovirus and mosquito-borne flavivirus, the tick-borne flaviviruses Gadgets Gully virus and SREV could not be detected using this method. Finally, four novel virus-like sequences were identified in transcriptome sequencing of the Australian native tick Ixodes holocyclus. Conclusions Genetic and antigenic characterisations of archival viruses in this study confirm that three viruses described in 2002 represent contemporary isolates of virus species first identified 30 years prior. Our findings with antibodies to double-stranded RNA highlight an unusual characteristic shared by two Australian tick-borne flaviviruses. Finally, comparative growth kinetics analyses of Australian tick-borne members of the Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Reoviridae families in ISE6 and BSR cells will provide a useful resource for isolation of Australian tick-borne viruses using existing cell lines. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05176-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A O'Brien
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Bixing Huang
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, QLD, Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessamine E Hazlewood
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
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15
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Guggemos HD, Fendt M, Hermanns K, Hieke C, Heyde V, Mfune JKE, Borgemeister C, Junglen S. Orbiviruses in biting midges and mosquitoes from the Zambezi region, Namibia. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34554079 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Orbivirus includes a variety of pathogenic viruses that are transmitted by biting midges, mosquitoes and ticks. Some of the economically most relevant orbiviruses are endemic to Namibia, like the livestock-pathogenic Bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses. Here, we assessed the diversity of orbiviruses circulating in the Zambezi region of north-eastern Namibia. A total of 10 250 biting midges and 10 206 mosquitoes were collected and screened for orbivirus infections. We identified Palyam virus (PALV) in a pool of biting midges (Culicoides sp.) sampled in the Wuparo Conservancy and three strains of Corriparta virus (CORV) in Culex sp. mosquitoes sampled in Mudumu National Park and the Mashi Conservancy. This is, to our knowledge, the first detection of PALV and CORV in Namibia. Both viruses infect vertebrates but only PALV has been reported to cause disease. PALV can cause foetal malformations and abortions in ruminants. Furthermore, a novel orbivirus, related to Kammavanpettai virus from India and Umatilla virus from North America, was discovered in biting midges (Culicoides sp.) originating from Mudumu National Park and tentatively named Mudumu virus (MUMUV). Complete genomes of PALV, CORV and MUMUV were sequenced and genetically characterized. The Namibian CORV strain showed 24.3 % nucleotide divergence in its subcore shell gene to CORV strains from Australia, indicating that African CORV variants vary widely from their Australian relatives. CORV was isolated in cell culture and replicated to high titres in mosquito and duck cells. No growth was found in rodent and primate cells. The data presented here show that diverse orbiviruses are endemic to the Zambezi region. Further studies are needed to assess their effects on wildlife and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko D Guggemos
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Fendt
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyra Hermanns
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Christian Hieke
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Verena Heyde
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - John K E Mfune
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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16
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Fay PC, Mohd Jaafar F, Batten C, Attoui H, Saunders K, Lomonossoff GP, Reid E, Horton D, Maan S, Haig D, Daly JM, Mertens PPC. Serological Cross-Reactions between Expressed VP2 Proteins from Different Bluetongue Virus Serotypes. Viruses 2021; 13:1455. [PMID: 34452321 PMCID: PMC8402635 DOI: 10.3390/v13081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a severe and economically important disease of ruminants that is widely distributed around the world, caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). More than 28 different BTV serotypes have been identified in serum neutralisation tests (SNT), which, along with geographic variants (topotypes) within each serotype, reflect differences in BTV outer-capsid protein VP2. VP2 is the primary target for neutralising antibodies, although the basis for cross-reactions and serological variations between and within BTV serotypes is poorly understood. Recombinant BTV VP2 proteins (rVP2) were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, based on sequence data for isolates of thirteen BTV serotypes (primarily from Europe), including three 'novel' serotypes (BTV-25, -26 and -27) and alternative topotypes of four serotypes. Cross-reactions within and between these viruses were explored using rabbit anti-rVP2 sera and post BTV-infection sheep reference-antisera, in I-ELISA (with rVP2 target antigens) and SNT (with reference strains of BTV-1 to -24, -26 and -27). Strong reactions were generally detected with homologous rVP2 proteins or virus strains/serotypes. The sheep antisera were largely serotype-specific in SNT, but more cross-reactive by ELISA. Rabbit antisera were more cross-reactive in SNT, and showed widespread, high titre cross-reactions against homologous and heterologous rVP2 proteins in ELISA. Results were analysed and visualised by antigenic cartography, showing closer relationships in some, but not all cases, between VP2 topotypes within the same serotype, and between serotypes belonging to the same 'VP2 nucleotype'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C. Fay
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, Woking GU24 ONF, UK;
| | - Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR VIROLOGIE 1161, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.M.J.); (H.A.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, Woking GU24 ONF, UK;
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR VIROLOGIE 1161, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.M.J.); (H.A.)
| | - Keith Saunders
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (K.S.); (G.P.L.)
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (K.S.); (G.P.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Reid
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Daniel Horton
- Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - David Haig
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
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17
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Suda Y, Murota K, Shirafuji H, Yanase T. Genomic analysis of putative novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1151-1156. [PMID: 33547486 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was initially isolated in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently in Guangdong, Hunan, and Yunnan, China. We document the first isolation of TIBOV outside of China: two TIBOV isolates from Culicoides collected in 2009 and 2010 in Kagoshima, Japan. Their complete genome sequences were also determined. Our results suggest that the two virus isolates are of novel serotypes, evident by variability within genome segment 2 encoding VP2. These new putative TIBOV serotypes will help with future virus surveillance and with the evaluation of its potential to cause disease in domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Suda
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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18
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Dedkov VG, Dolgova AS, Safonova MV, Samoilov AE, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Matsvay AD, Speranskaya AS, Khafizov K, Karganova GG. Isolation and characterization of Wad Medani virus obtained in the tuva Republic of Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101612. [PMID: 33291056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wad Medani virus (WMV) belongs to the genus Orbivirus and is a poorly studied arbovirus with unclear medical significance. Presently, a limited number of WMV strains are characterized and available in NCBI GenBank, some isolated many years ago. A new WMV strain was isolated in 2012 from Dermacentor nuttalli ticks collected from sheep in the Tuva Republic, Russia, and sequenced using high-throughput methods. Complete coding sequences were obtained revealing signs of multiple intersegment reassortments. These point to a high variability potential in WMV that may lead to the formation of strains with novel properties. These new data on WMV can promote better understanding of: ecological features of its circulation; relationships within the genus Orbivirus; and the medical significance of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Dedkov
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna S Dolgova
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina V Safonova
- Anti-Plague Center, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E Samoilov
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana A Belova
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina D Matsvay
- FSBI "Center of Strategic Planning" of the Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anna S Speranskaya
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil Khafizov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Migné CV, Moutailler S, Attoui H. Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110915. [PMID: 33167317 PMCID: PMC7694381 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the "trade-off" hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Victoire Migné
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
- UMR1161 Virologie, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.A.); Tel.: +33-1-49-77-46-50 (S.M.); +33-1-43-96-70-07 (H.A.)
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 Virologie, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.A.); Tel.: +33-1-49-77-46-50 (S.M.); +33-1-43-96-70-07 (H.A.)
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20
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Murota K, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Ishii K, Katagiri Y, Suzuki M, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Tanaka S, Yanase T. Identification and characterization of a novel orbivirus, Yonaguni orbivirus, isolated from cattle on the westernmost island of Japan. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2903-2908. [PMID: 32894348 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel orbivirus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), designated Yonaguni orbivirus (YONOV), was isolated from bovine blood collected on a subtropical island of Japan in 2015. The YONOV genome (20,054 nucleotides in total) has a coding arrangement similar to those of mosquito-borne orbiviruses. YONOV has a close genetic relationship to mosquito-borne orbiviruses, especially to Mobuck virus (MBV), which was isolated in North America. However, YONOV and MBV share less than 74% nucleotide sequence identity in the major subcore protein (T2) coding sequence, which satisfies the criterion for species demarcation. It is still uncertain whether YONOV should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Orbivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yoshito Katagiri
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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21
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Kuchta K, Tung NH, Ohta T, Uto T, Raekiansyah M, Grötzinger K, Rausch H, Shoyama Y, Rauwald HW, Morita K. The old pharmaceutical oleoresin labdanum of Cistus creticus L. exerts pronounced in vitro anti-dengue virus activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112316. [PMID: 31669444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The haemorrhagic dengue fever affects up to 500 million patients, annually causing 20.000 deaths, with no chemotherapeutic agent available. The oleoresin labdanum of Cistus creticus L. has been established as an anti-infective agent since antiquity in Mediterranean ethnopharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested several extracts and fractions of labdanum - standardised on labdane-type diterpenes via GC-MS - on their activity against the dengue virus (DENV-2 strain 00st-22A) in in vitro Vero cell cultures (96-well-plates, 5 days). Preliminary experiments with a labdanum diethyl ether raw-extract did not yield measureable results due to cytotoxic effects against Vero cells. In all following experiments, cell viability was constantly checked using the MTT-test. Fractionation of this raw-extract by liquid-liquid-extraction and column-chromatography on silica-gel (gradient elution with hexane, EtOAc, CHCl3, MeOH) succeeded in separating the anti-viral activity of labdanum from its cytotoxic effect. RESULTS In the most active fraction GS5 at 30 μg/ml, dengue virus proliferation was 100% suppressed and cell viability was over 90%. Structural elucidation of major constituents of GS5 is currently ongoing, but thin-layer chromatography showed that this fraction is mainly dominated by manoyloxides, a class of labdane-type diterpenes with known antimicrobial activity. Claims concerning the antiviral activity of above ground parts of C. creticus have been made previously, but these generally ascribe this activity to hot water soluble polyphenols and propose an unspecific tanning effect of the viral surface proteins as the mechanism of action. However, the water soluble fraction enhanced viral proliferation. CONCLUSION We therefore describe a direct, pharmacological, antiviral activity of a diethyl ether extract of labdanum against a virulent haemorrhagic fever like dengue for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Kuchta
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Göttingen University, Germany; Zhejiang Institute of TCM and Natural Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Japan
| | - Muhareva Raekiansyah
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Hans Rausch
- Phytochem Referenzsubstanzen, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Japan
| | | | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
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22
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Tomazatos A, Marschang RE, Maranda I, Baum H, Bialonski A, Spînu M, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Cadar D. Letea Virus: Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Novel Reassortant Orbivirus Discovered in Grass Snakes ( Natrix natrix). Viruses 2020; 12:v12020243. [PMID: 32098186 PMCID: PMC7077223 DOI: 10.3390/v12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of novel arthropod-borne viruses provide valuable information on their genetic diversity, ecology, evolution and potential to threaten animal or public health. Arbovirus surveillance is not conducted regularly in Romania, being particularly very scarce in the remote and diverse areas like the Danube Delta. Here we describe the detection and genetic characterization of a novel orbivirus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) designated as Letea virus, which was found in grass snakes (Natrix natrix) during a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic survey conducted between 2014 and 2017. This virus is the first orbivirus discovered in reptiles. Phylogenetic analyses placed Letea virus as a highly divergent species in the Culicoides-/sand fly-borne orbivirus clade. Gene reassortment and intragenic recombination were detected in the majority of the nine Letea virus strains obtained, implying that these mechanisms play important roles in the evolution and diversification of the virus. However, the screening of arthropods, including Culicoides biting midges collected within the same surveillance program, tested negative for Letea virus infection and could not confirm the arthropod vector of the virus. The study provided complete genome sequences for nine Letea virus strains and new information about orbivirus diversity, host range, ecology and evolution. The phylogenetic associations warrant further screening of arthropods, as well as sustained surveillance efforts for elucidation of Letea virus natural cycle and possible implications for animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Tomazatos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Rachel E. Marschang
- Cell Culture Lab, Microbiology Department, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany;
| | - Iulia Maranda
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Heike Baum
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Alexandra Bialonski
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Cadar
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (A.T.); (I.M.); (H.B.); (A.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Safonova MV, Gmyl AP, Lukashev AN, Speranskaya AS, Neverov AD, Fedonin GG, Pimkina EV, Matsvay AD, Khafizov KF, Karganova GG, Kozlovskaya LI, Valdokhina AV, Bulanenko VP, Dedkov VG. Genetic diversity of Kemerovo virus and phylogenetic relationships within the Great Island virus genetic group. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101333. [PMID: 31787560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a member of the Great Island virus genetic group, belonging to the tick-borne arboviruses of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. Nine strains of KEMV, which were isolated from various locations in Russia, were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing to study their intraspecific diversity and the interspecific relationships of viruses within the Great Island genetic group. For the first time, multiple reassortment within KEMV was reliably demonstrated. Different types of independently emerged alternative reading frames in segment 9 and heterogeneity of the viral population in one of the KEMV strains were found. The hypothesis of the role of an alternative open reading frame (ORF) in segment 9 in KEMV cellular tropism was not confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Safonova
- Plague Control Center, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly P Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Speranskaya
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey D Neverov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady G Fedonin
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Pimkina
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina D Matsvay
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil F Khafizov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Valdokhina
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria P Bulanenko
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Dedkov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Characterization of Novel Reoviruses Wad Medani Virus (Orbivirus) and Kundal Virus (Coltivirus) Collected from Hyalomma anatolicum Ticks in India during Surveillance for Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00106-19. [PMID: 30971476 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00106-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, ticks were collected from livestock following an outbreak of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Gujarat state, India. CCHF-negative Hyalomma anatolicum tick pools were passaged for virus isolation, and two virus isolates were obtained, designated Karyana virus (KARYV) and Kundal virus (KUNDV), respectively. Traditional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) identification of known viruses was unsuccessful, but a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach identified KARYV and KUNDV as viruses in the Reoviridae family, Orbivirus and Coltivirus genera, respectively. Viral genomes were de novo assembled, yielding 10 complete segments of KARYV and 12 nearly complete segments of KUNDV. The VP1 gene of KARYV shared a most recent common ancestor with Wad Medani virus (WMV), strain Ar495, and based on nucleotide identity we demonstrate that it is a novel WMV strain. The VP1 segment of KUNDV shares a common ancestor with Colorado tick fever virus, Eyach virus, Tai Forest reovirus, and Tarumizu tick virus from the Coltivirus genus. Based on VP1, VP6, VP7, and VP12 nucleotide and amino acid identities, KUNDV is proposed to be a new species of Coltivirus Electron microscopy supported the classification of KARYV and KUNDV as reoviruses and identified replication morphology consistent with other orbi- and coltiviruses. The identification of novel tick-borne viruses carried by the CCHF vector is an important step in the characterization of their potential role in human and animal pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Ticks and mosquitoes, as well Culicoides, can transmit viruses in the Reoviridae family. With the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS), previously unreported reoviruses such as equine encephalosis virus, Wad Medani virus (WMV), Kammavanpettai virus (KVPTV), and, with this report, KARYV and KUNDV have been discovered and characterized in India. The isolation of KUNDV and KARYV from Hyalomma anatolicum, which is a known vector for zoonotic pathogens, such as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma species, identifies arboviruses with the potential to transmit to humans. Characterization of KUNDV and KARYV isolated from Hyalomma ticks is critical for the development of specific serological and molecular assays that can be used to determine the association of these viruses with disease in humans and livestock.
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25
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Mourya DT, Yadav PD, Ullas P, Bhardwaj SD, Sahay RR, Chadha MS, Shete AM, Jadhav S, Gupta N, Gangakhedkar RR, Khasnobis P, Singh SK. Emerging/re-emerging viral diseases & new viruses on the Indian horizon. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:447-467. [PMID: 31411169 PMCID: PMC6676836 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1239_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain as the major causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure in India. The country has experienced the outbreaks and epidemics of many infectious diseases. However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. The country's vast terrains of extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viral diseases. Dynamic interplays of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. In this article, the major emerging and re-emerging viral infections of public health importance have been reviewed that have already been included in the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P.T. Ullas
- Maximum Containment Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivedita Gupta
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman R. Gangakhedkar
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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26
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Maan S, Belaganahalli MN, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Mertens PPC. Quantitative RT-PCR assays for identification and typing of the Equine encephalosis virus. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:287-296. [PMID: 30637652 PMCID: PMC6863193 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine encephalosis (EE) is an acute, arthropod-borne, noncontagious, febrile disease of equids. The clinical signs of EE are similar to milder forms of African horse sickness (AHS) and the two diseases can be easily confused. The Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a distinct virus species within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, with ten linear segments of dsRNA genome. Seven distinct serotypes of EEV have been recognised on the basis of sequence analyses of Seg-2. The need for differential diagnosis of similar forms of EE and AHS warranted the development of molecular diagnostic methods for specific detection and identification of EEV. We report the development of quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of any member of the EEV species targeting the highly conserved EEV Seg-9. Similar serotype-specific qRT-PCR assays were designed for each of the seven EEV serotypes targeting genome Seg-2, encoding the serotype determining VP2 protein. These assays were evaluated using different EEV serotypes and other closely related orbiviruses. They were shown to be EEV virus species-specific, or EEV type-specific capable of detecting 1 to 13 copies of viral RNA in clinical samples. The assays failed to detect RNA from closely related orbiviruses, including AHSV and Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India.
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India.
| | - Manjunatha N Belaganahalli
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK.
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Abraham C Potgieter
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, 248 Jean Avenue, Lyttelton, Centurion, 0140, South Africa
| | - Peter P C Mertens
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
- Chair of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
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27
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Xing S, Guo X, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Li L, Zuo S, An X, Pei G, Sun Q, Cheng S, Wang Y, Fan H, Mi Z, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Zhang J, Tong Y. A novel mosquito-borne reassortant orbivirus isolated from Xishuangbanna, China. Virol Sin 2018; 32:159-162. [PMID: 28063012 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.,Hebei Normal University, College of Science, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qiumin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shuqing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Guangqian Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, 665000, China.
| | - Jiusong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Yadav PD, Shete AM, Nyayanit DA, Albarino CG, Jain S, Guerrero LW, Kumar S, Patil DY, Nichol ST, Mourya DT. Identification and characterization of novel mosquito-borne (Kammavanpettai virus) and tick-borne (Wad Medani) reoviruses isolated in India. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:991-1000. [PMID: 29939123 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1954, a virus named Wad Medani virus (WMV) was isolated from Hyalomma marginatum ticks from Maharashtra State, India. In 1963, another virus was isolated from Sturnia pagodarum birds in Tamil Nadu, India, and named Kammavanpettai virus (KVPTV) based on the site of its isolation. Originally these virus isolates could not be identified with conventional methods. Here we describe next-generation sequencing studies leading to the determination of their complete genome sequences, and identification of both virus isolates as orbiviruses (family Reoviridae). Sequencing data showed that KVPTV has an AT-rich genome, whereas the genome of WMV is GC-rich. The size of the KVPTV genome is 18 234 nucleotides encoding proteins ranging 238-1290 amino acids (aa) in length. Similarly, the size of the WMV genome is 16 941 nucleotides encoding proteins ranging 214-1305 amino acids in length. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, along with the capsid genes VP5 and VP7, revealed that KVPTV is likely a novel mosquito-borne virus and WMV is a tick-borne orbivirus. This study focuses on the phylogenetic comparison of these newly identified orbiviruses with mosquito-, tick- and Culicoides-borne orbiviruses isolated in India and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita M Shete
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dimpal A Nyayanit
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cesar G Albarino
- 2Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shilpi Jain
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lisa W Guerrero
- 2Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Y Patil
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- 2Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devendra T Mourya
- 1Maximum Containment Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Ticks are important vectors for the transmission of pathogens including viruses. The viruses carried by ticks also known as tick-borne viruses (TBVs), contain a large group of viruses with diverse genetic properties and are concluded in two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Some members of the TBVs are notorious agents causing severe diseases with high mortality rates in humans and livestock, while some others may pose risks to public health that are still unclear to us. Herein, we review the current knowledge of TBVs with emphases on the history of virus isolation and identification, tick vectors, and potential pathogenicity to humans and animals, including assigned species as well as the recently discovered and unassigned species. All these will promote our understanding of the diversity of TBVs, and will facilitate the further investigation of TBVs in association with both ticks and vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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30
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Occurrence and genetic variability of Kemerovo virus in Ixodes ticks from different regions of Western Siberia, Russia and Kazakhstan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 47:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bell-Sakyi L, Attoui H. Virus Discovery Using Tick Cell Lines. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 12:31-4. [PMID: 27679414 PMCID: PMC5026199 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s39675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While ticks have been known to harbor and transmit pathogenic arboviruses for over 80 years, the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed that ticks also appear to harbor a diverse range of endogenous tick-only viruses belonging to many different families. Almost nothing is known about these viruses; indeed, it is unclear in most cases whether the identified viral sequences are derived from actual replication-competent viruses or from endogenous virus elements incorporated into the ticks' genomes. Tick cell lines play an important role in virus discovery and isolation through the identification of novel viruses chronically infecting such cell lines and by acting as host cells to aid in determining whether or not an entire replication-competent, infective virus is present in a sample. Here, we review recent progress in tick-borne virus discovery and comment on the actual and potential applications for tick cell lines in this emerging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Head of The Tick Cell Biobank, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - Houssam Attoui
- Group leader, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Department of Animal Health, UMR1161 Virology, INRA-ANSES-ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
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Ulanday GEL, Okamoto K, Morita K. Development and utility of an in vitro, fluorescence-based assay for the discovery of novel compounds against dengue 2 viral protease. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:22. [PMID: 27551237 PMCID: PMC4979183 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue disease is one of the most significant vector-borne illnesses in the world. The emergence and re-emergence of dengue infections in many parts of the world affect millions annually and continue to burden public health systems especially in low-income populations. Advances in dengue vaccine development showed promising results; however, protection seems to be suboptimal. There is no licensed chemotherapeutic agent against dengue to date. An ideal scenario of combinatorial vaccination of high-risk individuals and chemotherapy of the diseased during outbreaks may compensate for the meager protection offered by the vaccine. The dengue virus protease is important to viral replication and, as such, has been identified as a potential target for antivirals. It is, therefore, our objective to establish and optimize an appropriate screening method for use during the early stages of drug development for dengue. Methods In this study, we developed and optimized a biochemical assay system for use in screening compound libraries against dengue virus protease. We tested the selected protease inhibitors with a cell-based assay to determine inhibition of viral replication. Results We have presented direct plots of substrate kinetics data showing an apparent inhibition of the protease at excessive substrate concentrations. The most common sources of interference that may have affected the said observation were elucidated. Finally, a screen was done on an existing compound library using the developed method. The compounds selected in this study showed inhibitory activity against both the recombinant dengue protease and cell-based infectivity assays. Conclusions Our study shows the practicality of a customized biochemical assay to find possible inhibitors of dengue viral protease during the initial stages of drug discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41182-016-0025-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianne Eduard L Ulanday
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan ; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenta Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan ; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan ; Leading Graduate School Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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