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Feng C, Guo X, Gu T, Hua Y, Zhuang X, Zhang K. Generation of a Triple-Shuttling Vector and the Application in Plant Plus-Strand RNA Virus Infectious cDNA Clone Construction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065477. [PMID: 36982550 PMCID: PMC10056883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious cloning of plant viruses is a powerful tool for studying the reverse genetic manipulation of viral genes in virus–host plant interactions, contributing to a deeper understanding of the life history and pathogenesis of viruses. Yet, most of the infectious clones of RNA virus constructed in E. coli are unstable and toxic. Therefore, we modified the binary vector pCass4-Rz and constructed the ternary shuttle vector pCA4Y. The pCA4Y vector has a higher copy number in the E. coli than the conventional pCB301 vector, can obtain a high concentration of plasmid, and is economical and practical, so it is suitable for the construction of plant virus infectious clones in basic laboratories. The constructed vector can be directly extracted from yeast and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens to avoid toxicity in E. coli. Taking advantage of the pCA4Y vector, we established a detailed large and multiple DNA HR-based cloning method in yeast using endogenous recombinase. We successfully constructed the Agrobacterium-based infectious cDNA clone of ReMV. This study provides a new choice for the construction of infectious viral clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianxiao Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanhong Hua
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinjian Zhuang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High, Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-182-5274-7896
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2
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Gao S, Li C, Chen X, Li S, Liang N, Wang H, Zhan Y, Zeng F. Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor PxbHLH02 enhances drought tolerance in Populus (Populus simonii × P. nigra). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:185-202. [PMID: 36054366 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant morphogenesis and various abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, further exploration is required of drought-responsive bHLH family members and their detailed regulatory mechanisms in Populus. Two bHLH TF genes, PxbHLH01/02, were identified in Populus simonii × P. nigra and cloned. The aim of this study was to examine the role of bHLH TFs in drought tolerance in P. simonii × P. nigra. The results showed that the amino acid sequences of the two genes were homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana UPBEAT1 (AtUPB1) and overexpression of PxbHLH01/02 restored normal root length in the AtUPB1 insertional mutant (upb1-1). The PxbHLH01/02 gene promoter activity analysis suggested that they were involved in stress responses and hormone signaling. Furthermore, Arabidopsis transgenic lines overexpressing PxbHLH01/02 exhibited higher stress tolerance compared with the wild-type. Populus simonii × P. nigra overexpressing PxbHLH02 increased drought tolerance and exhibited higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde content, and lower relative conductivity. The results of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR suggested that the response of PxbHLH02 to drought stress was related to abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that PxbHLH02 from P. simonii × P. nigra functions as a positive regulator of drought stress responses by regulating stomatal aperture and promoting ABA signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sida Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nansong Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hengtao Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yaguang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fansuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Assembly of plant virus agroinfectious clones using biological material or DNA synthesis. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101716. [PMID: 36149792 PMCID: PMC9519601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious clone technology is universally applied for biological characterization and engineering of viruses. This protocol describes procedures that implement synthetic biology advances for streamlined assembly of virus infectious clones. Here, I detail homology-based cloning using biological material, as well as SynViP assembly using type IIS restriction enzymes and chemically synthesized DNA fragments. The assembled virus clones are based on compact T-DNA binary vectors of the pLX series and are delivered to host plants by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pasin et al. (2017, 2018) and Pasin (2021).
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Simkovich AJ, Li Y, Kohalmi SE, Griffiths JS, Wang A. Molecular Identification of Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) Infecting Sweet Cherry in Canada and Development of a PDV Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102025. [PMID: 34696454 PMCID: PMC8541084 DOI: 10.3390/v13102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is a member of ilarviruses that infects stone fruit species such as cherry, plum and peach, and ornamentally grown trees worldwide. The virus lacks an RNA silencing suppressor. Infection by PDV either alone, or its mixed infection with other viruses causes deteriorated fruit marketability and reduced fruit yields. Here, we report the molecular identification of PDV from sweet cherry in the prominent fruit growing region of Ontario, Canada known as the Niagara fruit belt using next generation sequencing of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). We assessed its incidence in an experimental farm and determined the full genome sequence of this PDV isolate. We further constructed an infectious cDNA clone. Inoculation of the natural host cherry with this clone induced a dwarfing phenotype. We also examined its infectivity on several common experimental hosts. We found that it was infectious on cucurbits (cucumber and squash) with clear symptoms and Nicotiana benthamiana without causing noticeable symptoms, and it was unable to infect Arabidopsis thaliana. As generating infectious clones for woody plants is very challenging with limited success, the PDV infectious clone developed from this study will be a useful tool to facilitate molecular studies on PDV and related Prunus-infecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Simkovich
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Griffiths
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4902 Victoria Ave N, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Pepper Mottle Virus and Its Host Interactions: Current State of Knowledge. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101930. [PMID: 34696360 PMCID: PMC8539092 DOI: 10.3390/v13101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) is a destructive pathogen that infects various solanaceous plants, including pepper, bell pepper, potato, and tomato. In this review, we summarize what is known about the molecular characteristics of PepMoV and its interactions with host plants. Comparisons of symptom variations caused by PepMoV isolates in plant hosts indicates a possible relationship between symptom development and genetic variation. Researchers have investigated the PepMoV–plant pathosystem to identify effective and durable genes that confer resistance to the pathogen. As a result, several recessive pvr or dominant Pvr resistance genes that confer resistance to PepMoV in pepper have been characterized. On the other hand, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these resistance genes and PepMoV-encoded genes remain largely unknown. Our understanding of the molecular interactions between PepMoV and host plants should be increased by reverse genetic approaches and comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of both the virus and the host genes.
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Tuo D, Yan P, Zhao G, Cui H, Zhu G, Liu Y, Yang X, Wang H, Li X, Shen W, Zhou P. An efficient papaya leaf distortion mosaic potyvirus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in papaya. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:144. [PMID: 34193861 PMCID: PMC8245588 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is regarded as an excellent model for genomic studies of tropical trees because of its short generation time and its small genome that has been sequenced. However, functional genomic studies in papaya depend on laborious genetic transformations because no rapid tools exist for this species. Here, we developed a highly efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for use in papaya by modifying an artificially attenuated infectious clone of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV; genus: Potyvirus), PLDMV-E, into a stable Nimble Cloning (NC)-based PLDMV vector, pPLDMV-NC, in Escherichia coli. The target fragments for gene silencing can easily be cloned into pPLDMV-NC without multiple digestion and ligation steps. Using this PLDMV VIGS system, we silenced and characterized five endogenous genes in papaya, including two common VIGS marker genes, namely, phytoene desaturase, Mg-chelatase H subunit, putative GIBBERELLIN (GA)-INSENSITIVE DWARF1A and 1B encoding GA receptors; and the cytochrome P450 gene CYP83B1, which encodes a key enzyme involved in benzylglucosinolate biosynthesis. The results demonstrate that our newly developed PLDMV VIGS vector is a rapid and convenient tool for functional genomic studies in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Xiukun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, 571101, Haikou, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, 571101, Haikou, China.
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De Moya-Ruiz C, Rabadán P, Juárez M, Gómez P. Assessment of the Current Status of Potyviruses in Watermelon and Pumpkin Crops in Spain: Epidemiological Impact of Cultivated Plants and Mixed Infections. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:138. [PMID: 33445406 PMCID: PMC7827711 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections on cucurbit plants cause substantial quality and yield losses on their crops. The diseased plants can often be infected by multiple viruses, and their epidemiology may depend, in addition to the agro-ecological management practices, on the combination of these viral infections. Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses in cucurbit crops, and Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) emerged as a related species that threatens these crops. The occurrence of WMV and MWMV was monitored in a total of 196 apical-leaf samples of watermelon and pumpkin plants that displayed mosaic symptoms. The samples were collected from 49 fields in three major cucurbit-producing areas in Spain (Castilla La-Mancha, Alicante, and Murcia) for three consecutive (2018-2020) seasons. A molecular hybridization dot-blot method revealed that WMV was mainly (53%) found in both cultivated plants, with an unadvertised occurrence of MWMV. To determine the extent of cultivated plant species and mixed infections on viral dynamics, two infectious cDNA clones were constructed from a WMV isolate (MeWM7), and an MWMV isolate (ZuM10). Based on the full-length genomes, both isolates were grouped phylogenetically with the Emergent and European clades, respectively. Five-cucurbit plant species were infected steadily with either WMV or MWMV cDNA clones, showing variations on symptom expressions. Furthermore, the viral load varied depending on the plant species and infection type. In single infections, the WMV isolate showed a higher viral load than the MWMV isolate in melon and pumpkin, and MWMV only showed higher viral load than the WMV isolate in zucchini plants. However, in mixed infections, the viral load of the WMV isolate was greater than MWMV isolate in melon, watermelon and zucchini, whereas MWMV isolate was markedly reduced in zucchini. These results suggest that the impaired distribution of MWMV in cucurbit crops may be due to the cultivated plant species, in addition to the high prevalence of WMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia De Moya-Ruiz
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)—CSIC, Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.D.M.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Pilar Rabadán
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)—CSIC, Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.D.M.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Miguel Juárez
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)—CSIC, Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.D.M.-R.); (P.R.)
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A Newly Identified Virus in the Family Potyviridae Encodes Two Leader Cysteine Proteases in Tandem That Evolved Contrasting RNA Silencing Suppression Functions. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01414-20. [PMID: 33055249 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01414-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potyviridae is the largest family of plant-infecting RNA viruses and includes many agriculturally and economically important viral pathogens. The viruses in the family, known as potyvirids, possess single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes with polyprotein processing as a gene expression strategy. The N-terminal regions of potyvirid polyproteins vary greatly in sequence. Previously, we identified a novel virus species within the family, Areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV), which was predicted to encode two cysteine proteases, HCPro1 and HCPro2, in tandem at the N-terminal region. Here, we present evidence showing self-cleavage activity of these two proteins and define their cis-cleavage sites. We demonstrate that HCPro2 is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), and both the variable N-terminal and conserved C-terminal (protease domain) moieties have antisilencing activity. Intriguingly, the N-terminal region of HCPro1 also has RNA silencing suppression activity, which is, however, suppressed by its C-terminal protease domain, leading to the functional divergence of HCPro1 and HCPro2 in RNA silencing suppression. Moreover, the deletion of HCPro1 or HCPro2 in a newly created infectious clone abolishes viral infection, and the deletion mutants cannot be rescued by addition of corresponding counterparts of a potyvirus. Altogether, these data suggest that the two closely related leader proteases of ANSSV have evolved differential and essential functions to concertedly maintain viral viability.IMPORTANCE The Potyviridae represent the largest group of known plant RNA viruses and account for more than half of the viral crop damage worldwide. The leader proteases of viruses within the family vary greatly in size and arrangement and play key roles during the infection. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the presence of a distinct pattern of leader proteases, HCPro1 and HCPro2 in tandem, in a newly identified member within the family. Moreover, HCPro1 and HCPro2, which are closely related and typically characterized with a short size, have evolved contrasting RNA silencing suppression activity and seem to function in a coordinated manner to maintain viral infectivity. Altogether, the new knowledge fills a missing piece in the evolutionary relationship history of potyvirids and improves our understanding of the diversification of potyvirid genomes.
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Yu M, Bi X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Lei Y, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Chimeric Tobamoviruses With Coat Protein Exchanges Modulate Symptom Expression and Defence Responses in Nicotiana tabacum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587005. [PMID: 33240243 PMCID: PMC7677242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathogen infection and host defence equilibrium, plant viruses have evolved to efficiently replicate their genomes, to resist the attack from host defence responses and to avoid causing severe negative effect on growth and metabolism of the hosts. In this study, we generated chimeric tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) variants, in which the coat protein (CP) sequences were substituted with that of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) or pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) to address the role of these in virus infection and host symptomology. The results showed that the chimeric viruses (TMV-CGCP or TMV-PMCP) induce stunting and necrotic symptoms in tobacco plants. We analyzed the transcriptomic changes in tobacco plants after infection of TMV and its chimeras using a high-throughput RNA sequencing approach and found that infection of the chimeric TMV induced significant up-regulation of host defence responsive genes together with salicylic (SA) or abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes, but down-regulation of auxin (Aux) responsive genes. We further confirmed the increase in the levels of SA and ABA, together with the reduced levels of Aux after infection of chimeric TMV in tobacco plants. These data suggest novel roles of tobamovirus CP in induction of host symptoms and defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanmin Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Yunkang Lei
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Klenov A, Hudak KA. Facile method of curing toxicity in large viral genomes by high-throughput identification and removal of cryptic promoters. J Virol Methods 2020; 287:113993. [PMID: 33068704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infectious plant virus clones are challenging to construct and manipulate due to the presence of cryptic promoter sequences that induce toxicity in bacteria. Common methods to overcome toxicity include intron insertion to interrupt toxic open reading frames and the use of Rhizobium or yeast species that do not recognize the same cryptic promoters. Unfortunately, intron insertion must be attempted on a trial and error basis within full-length clones and may change the infection characteristics of the virus. We have developed a facile method that can detect multiple cryptic bacterial promoters within large virus genomes. These promoters can then be silenced to obtain infectious clones that can be manipulated in E. coli. Our strategy relies on the generation of a viral library which is cloned upstream of either an eGFP open reading frame for low-throughput analysis or chloramphenicol for next generation sequencing. Pokeweed mosaic virus (PkMV), a 9.5 Kb ssRNA potyvirus, was used as a proof of concept. We found 16 putative promoter regions within 150-250 bp library fragments throughout the PkMV genome. 5'RACE allowed identification of the promoter sequence within each fragment, and subsequent silencing produced infectious clones. Our results indicate that cryptic promoters are ubiquitous within large viral genomes and that promoter screening is a desirable first step when constructing a viral clone. Our method can be applied to large plant and animal viruses as well as any DNA sequence for which low level of background transcriptional activity is required.
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Li X, Li Y, Chen S, Wang J. Construction of stable infectious full-length and eGFP-tagged cDNA clones of Mirabilis crinkle mosaic virus via In-Fusion cloning. Virus Res 2020; 286:198039. [PMID: 32492471 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mirabilis crinkle mosaic virus (MiCMV) was tentatively classified as a new member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae in 2019. However, it was considered to be basella rugose mosaic virus based on the sequence similarity of the coat protein (CP) region. In this study, infectious MiCMV cDNA clones under the control of the 35S promoter were constructed with an In-Fusion cloning method. Systemically infected leaves of Mirabilis jalapa and Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with pMiCMV and pMiCMV-NIb/eGFP had mosaic symptoms by 5 dpi. Infections were confirmed by a western blot analysis, electron microscopy, RT-PCR, and the inoculation of N. benthamiana seedlings with progeny virions. Systemic infections were not observed after Nicotiana glutinosa leaves were similarly inoculated, with eGFP fluorescence detected only in the inoculated leaves. Interestingly, the symptoms induced by pMiCMV and pMiCMV-NIb/eGFP were not similar to those caused by the wild-type MiCMV in Basella rubra plants. Moreover, RT-PCR analyses of B. rubra plants with virus-specific primers (MicpF and MicpR) indicated that a non-target fragment corresponding to the MiCMV CP coding region was amplified. This is the first report of the construction of a biologically active, full-length cDNA copy of the MiCMV RNA genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Jianguang Wang
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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12
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Bao W, Yan T, Deng X, Wuriyanghan H. Synthesis of Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clones of Soybean Mosaic Virus and Functional Identification of a Key Amino Acid in the Silencing Suppressor Hc-Pro. Viruses 2020; 12:E886. [PMID: 32823665 PMCID: PMC7472419 DOI: 10.3390/v12080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which belongs to the Potyviridae, causes significant reductions in soybean yield and seed quality. In this study, both tag-free and reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing infectious clones for the SMV N1 strain were constructed by Gibson assembly and with the yeast homologous recombination system, respectively. Both infectious clones are suitable for agroinfiltration on the model host N. benthamiana and show strong infectivity for the natural host soybean and several other legume species. Both infectious clones were seed transmitted and caused typical virus symptoms on seeds and progeny plants. We used the SMV-GFP infectious clone to further investigate the role of key amino acids in the silencing suppressor helper component-proteinase (Hc-Pro). Among twelve amino acid substitution mutants, the co-expression of mutant 2-with an Asparagine→Leucine substitution at position 182 of the FRNK (Phe-Arg-Asn-Lys) motif-attenuated viral symptoms and alleviated the host growth retardation caused by SMV. Moreover, the Hc-Prom2 mutant showed stronger oligomerization than wild-type Hc-Pro. Taken together, the SMV infectious clones will be useful for studies of host-SMV interactions and functional gene characterization in soybeans and related legume species, especially in terms of seed transmission properties. Furthermore, the SMV-GFP infectious clone will also facilitate functional studies of both virus and host genes in an N. benthamiana transient expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Bao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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13
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Guo J, He Y, Wang X, Jiang B, Lin X, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen S, Cheng A. Stabilization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone for duck Tembusu virus by insertion of an intron. J Virol Methods 2020; 283:113922. [PMID: 32598895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. In our previously study, a full-length cDNA clone of DTMUV was constructed, however, it is prone to mutation during genetic engineering due to the prokaryotic toxicity of viral protein, which is also a common feature for flavivirus. In this study, we reported an intron-containing full-length cDNA clone for a clinical strain CQW1, the intro (133bp) was inserted into nonstructural protein 1 of DTMUV at 192 site. This intron-containing full-length cDNA clone was stably propagated in Escherichia coli without prokaryotic toxicity, and recombinant virus was produced by direct transfection of plasmids. Besides, this cDNA clone-derived recombinant virus showed similar properties in comparison with parent virus both in vitro and in vivo. It's convenient and efficient, making it a useful platform for the subsequent research of reverse genetics of flavivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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14
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Hu W, Qin L, Yan H, Miao W, Cui H, Liu W. Use of an Infectious cDNA Clone of Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus to Confirm the Etiology of a Disease in Capsicum chinense. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:80-84. [PMID: 31631804 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-19-0307-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pepper cultivar Yellow Lantern, one of the spiciest pepper varieties, is a local germplasm of Capsicum chinense, cultivated exclusively on Hainan Island, China. However, this variety is susceptible to viral diseases that severely affect its production. In this study, we report that pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) is associated with foliar chlorosis and rugosity symptoms in Yellow Lantern. To verify this correlation, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of a PVMV isolate named HNu. The virus progeny derived from the cDNA clone replicated and moved systemically in the pepper, inducing the same symptoms as those induced by PVMV-HNu in Yellow Lantern peppers in the field. The results support that PVMV-HNu is the causal agent of foliar chlorosis and rugosity disease in Yellow Lantern. This knowledge will help in the diagnosis and prevention of disease caused by PVMV. Furthermore, the cDNA clone serves as a reverse genetic tool to study the molecular pathogenesis of PVMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Li Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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15
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Yu M, Liu H, Zheng H, Yan F, Zhao X, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Viral sequences required for efficient viral infection differ between two Chinese pepper mild mottle virus isolates. Virus Res 2019; 267:9-15. [PMID: 31039366 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes mosaic symptoms and malformation on both leaf and fruit of pepper, reduces considerable economical yields and poses threats to human health. In this study, infectious clone of PMMoV Huludao (HLD) isolate (pCB-PMMoV-HLD) was constructed and its infectious ablility in Nicotiana benthamiana was confirmed by virions observation and Northern blot analysis. The mutant PMMoV (HLD-fsCP) that cannot express coat protein (CP) showed reduced viral accumulation but can systemically infect N. benthamiana. We constructed several chimeric mutant viruses (ZA-HB-HC, HA-ZB-HC, HA-HB-ZC and HA-ZB-ZC) by sequences substitution between PMMoV-HLD and PMMoV Zhejiang isolates (PMMoV-ZJ) and analyzed their infectious abilities in N. benthamiana and Capsicum annuum. The results showed that the chimera virus expressed by pCB-ZA-HB-HC, pCB-HA-HB-ZC and pCB-HA-ZB-ZC, but not by pCB-HA-ZB-HC, exhibited reduced infectious ability compared with wild-type PMMoV-ZJ and PMMoV-HLD, which indicated that RNA sequences required for efficient infection of PMMoV differ between the two virus isolates. The differential requirement of viral RNA sequences for efficient PMMoV infection provided theoretical value to further understand the infection and pathogenesis of PMMoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Xiuxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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16
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Chen X, Wang H, Li X, Ma K, Zhan Y, Zeng F. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of 4-Coumarate:CoA ligase 4(4CL-like 1)from Fraxinus mandshurica and its role in abiotic stress tolerance and cell wall synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:231. [PMID: 31159735 PMCID: PMC6545724 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four-Coumarate:CoA ligase gene (4CL) plays multiple important roles in plant growth and development by catalyzing the formation of CoA ester. 4CL belongs to the plant phenylpropane derivative, which is related to the synthesis of flavonoids and lignin and is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. RESULTS In this study, 12 4CL genes of Fraxinus mandschurica were identified and named Fm4CL1-Fm4CL12, respectively. The analysis of the expression pattern of Fm4CL genes indicate that Fm4CL-like 1 gene may play a role in the lignin synthesis pathway. Our study indicate that overexpression of Fm4CL-like 1 increases the lignin content of transgenic tobacco by 39.5% compared to WT, and the S/G ratio of transgenic tobacco increased by 19.7% compared with WT. The xylem cell layer of transgenic line is increased by 40% compared to WT, the xylem cell wall thickness increased by 21.6% compared to the WT. Under mannitol-simulated drought stress, the root length of transgenic tobacco is 64% longer than WT, and the seed germination rate of the transgenic lines is 47% higher than that of WT. In addition, the H2O2 content in the transgenic tobacco was 22% lower than that of WT, while the POD and SOD content was higher than WT by 30 and 24% respectively, which showed Fm4CL-like 1 affect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The MDA content and relative conductivity was 25 and 15% lower than WT, respectively. The water loss rate is 16.7% lower than that of WT. The relative expression levels of stress-related genes NtHAK, NtAPX, NtCAT, NtABF2, and NtZFP were higher than those of WT under stress treatment. The stomatal apertures of OE (Overexpression) were 30% smaller than those of WT, and the photosynthetic rate of OE was 48% higher than that of WT. These results showed that the overexpression line exhibited stronger adaptability to osmotic stress than WT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Fm4CL-like 1 is involved in secondary cell wall development and lignin synthesis. Fm4CL-like 1 play an important role in osmotic stress by affecting cell wall and stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040 China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Hengtao Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Kai Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yaguang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040 China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Fansuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040 China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
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17
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Pasin F, Menzel W, Daròs J. Harnessed viruses in the age of metagenomics and synthetic biology: an update on infectious clone assembly and biotechnologies of plant viruses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1010-1026. [PMID: 30677208 PMCID: PMC6523588 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have provided an unprecedented wealth of data, which are revolutionizing our understanding of virus diversity. A redrawn landscape highlights viruses as active players in the phytobiome, and surveys have uncovered their positive roles in environmental stress tolerance of plants. Viral infectious clones are key tools for functional characterization of known and newly identified viruses. Knowledge of viruses and their components has been instrumental for the development of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this review, we provide extensive guidelines built on current synthetic biology advances that streamline infectious clone assembly, thus lessening a major technical constraint of plant virology. The focus is on generation of infectious clones in binary T-DNA vectors, which are delivered efficiently to plants by Agrobacterium. We then summarize recent applications of plant viruses and explore emerging trends in microbiology, bacterial and human virology that, once translated to plant virology, could lead to the development of virus-based gene therapies for ad hoc engineering of plant traits. The systematic characterization of plant virus roles in the phytobiome and next-generation virus-based tools will be indispensable landmarks in the synthetic biology roadmap to better crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wulf Menzel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ‐German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
| | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universitat Politècnica de València)ValenciaSpain
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18
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Matsumura EE, Coletta‐Filho HD, Machado MA, Nouri S, Falk BW. Rescue of Citrus sudden death-associated virus in Nicotiana benthamiana plants from cloned cDNA: insights into mechanisms of expression of the three capsid proteins. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:611-625. [PMID: 30575252 PMCID: PMC6637869 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sudden death-associated virus (CSDaV) is a member of the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, and has been associated with citrus sudden death (CSD) disease in Brazil. Difficulties in the purification of CSDaV from infected citrus plants have prevented progress in the investigation of the role of this virus in CSD and an understanding of its molecular biology. In this work, we have constructed a full-length cDNA clone of CSDaV driven by the 35S promoter (35SRbz-CSDaV). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated inoculation of 35SRbz-CSDaV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants enabled a fast recovery of large amounts of virions from the agroinfiltrated leaves, which allowed a better molecular characterization of CSDaV. In vivo analyses of mutant versions of 35SRbz-CSDaV revealed the expression strategies used by CSDaV for production of the capsid proteins (CPs). We showed that CSDaV virions contain three forms of CP, each of which is generated from the same coding sequence, but by different mechanisms. The major CPp21 is a product of direct translation by leaky scanning from the second start codon in the subgenomic RNA (sgRNA), whereas the minor CPs, p25 and p23, are produced by direct translation from the first start codon in the sgRNA and by trans-proteolytic cleavage processing derived from the p25 precursor, respectively. Together, these findings contribute to advance our understanding of CSDaV genome expression strategies. In addition, the construction and characterization of the CSDaV infectious clone represent important steps towards the investigation of the role of this virus in CSD and of its use as a tool for citrus biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos A. Machado
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio MoreiraInstituto Agronômico de CampinasCordeirópolisSP13490‐970Brazil
| | - Shahideh Nouri
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKS66506USA
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
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19
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Tarquini G, Zaina G, Ermacora P, De Amicis F, Franco-Orozco B, Loi N, Martini M, Bianchi GL, Pagliari L, Firrao G, de Paoli E, Musetti R. Agroinoculation of Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus in tobacco and grapevine provides insights on viral pathogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214010. [PMID: 30889228 PMCID: PMC6424481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Grapevine Pinot Gris disease (GPG-d) is a novel disease characterized by symptoms such as leaf mottling and deformation, which has been recently reported in grapevines, and mostly in Pinot gris. Plants show obvious symptoms at the beginning of the growing season, while during summer symptom recovery frequently occurs, manifesting as symptomless leaves. A new Trichovirus, named Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), which belongs to the family Betaflexiviridae was found in association with infected plants. The detection of the virus in asymptomatic grapevines raised doubts about disease aetiology. Therefore, the primary target of this work was to set up a reliable system for the study of the disease in controlled conditions, avoiding interfering factor(s) that could affect symptom development. To this end, two clones of the virus, pRI::GPGV-vir and pRI::GPGV-lat, were generated from total RNA collected from one symptomatic and one asymptomatic Pinot gris grapevine, respectively. The clones, which encompassed the entire genome of the virus, were used in Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of Vitis vinifera and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All inoculated plants developed symptoms regardless of their inoculum source, demonstrating a correlation between the presence of GPGV and symptomatic manifestations. Four months post inoculum, the grapevines inoculated with the pRI::GPGV-lat clone developed asymptomatic leaves that were still positive to GPGV detection. Three to four weeks later (i.e. ca. 5 months post inoculum), the same phenomenon was observed in the grapevines inoculated with pRI::GPGV-vir. This observation perfectly matches symptom progression in infected field-grown grapevines, suggesting a possible role for plant antiviral mechanisms, such as RNA silencing, in the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giusi Zaina
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Franco-Orozco
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nazia Loi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pagliari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firrao
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuele de Paoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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20
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Establishment of a rescue system for porcine parvovirus using a seamless cloning method. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1459-1467. [PMID: 30880347 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel and rapid method for the construction of a full-length infectious clone (pPPV). The constructed clone contained an engineered EcoRv site that served as a genetic marker and was shown to be infectious when transfected into a monolayer of PK-15 cells. The rescued virus (rPPV) of the infectious clone was found to be indistinguishable from wild-type virus BQ in terms of its biological properties. The generation of this PPV infectious clone provides a potentially powerful tool with which to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of PPV.
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21
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Tran PT, Fang M, Widyasari K, Kim KH. A plant intron enhances the performance of an infectious clone in planta. J Virol Methods 2019; 265:26-34. [PMID: 30578897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although infectious clones are fundamental tools in virology and plant pathology, their efficacy is often reduced by the instability of viral sequences in Escherichia coli. In this study, we constructed an infectious clone of PepMoV (pPepMoV) in a bacterial binary vector (pSNU1); the clone induces symptoms of PepMoV in agroinfiltrated plants. During its modification and maintenance in E. coli, however, the pPepMoV infectious clone was instable in the bacteria. Manipulation of this unstable clone in the bacterial strain DH10B led to the spontaneous formation of a recombined clone with high stability in the bacteria but with reduced infectivity due to an unwanted insertion of an E. coli sequence in the NIa-protease coding region. Replacement of this sequence with a plant intron restored infectivity and maintained plasmid stability. In addition to restoring plasmid growth in both E. coli and Agrobacterium, the presence of the intron in the PepMoV sequence enhanced the accumulation of PepMoV in agroinfiltrated leaves and resulted in symptom induction in upper systemic leaves that was nearly as strong as with PepMoV sap-inoculation. Plant introns have been previously used to stabilize plasmids in E. coli without any effect or with an unexpected lag in symptom development. In contrast, the current results demonstrated the in vivo enhancement of an infectious clone by a plant intron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tri Tran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miao Fang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristin Widyasari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Streamlined generation of plant virus infectious clones using the pLX mini binary vectors. J Virol Methods 2018; 262:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rapid Construction of a Replication-Competent Infectious Clone of Human Adenovirus Type 14 by Gibson Assembly. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100568. [PMID: 30340336 PMCID: PMC6213080 DOI: 10.3390/v10100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1955, Human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-B14p) was firstly identified in a military trainee diagnosed as acute respiratory disease (ARD) in the Netherlands. Fifty years later, a genomic variant, HAdV-B14p1, re-emerged in the U.S. and caused large and fatal ARD outbreaks. Subsequently, more and more ARD outbreaks occurred in Canada, the UK, Ireland, and China, in both military and civil settings. To generate a tool for the efficient characterization of this new genomic variant, a full-length infectious genomic clone of HAdV-B14 was successfully constructed using one-step Gibson Assembly method in this study. Firstly, the full genome of HAdV-B14p1 strain GZ01, the first HAdV-B14 isolate in China, was assembled into pBR322 plasmid by Gibson Assembly. The pBRAdV14 plasmid, generated by Gibson Assembly, was analyzed and verified by PCR, restriction enzymes digestion and the sequencing. Secondly, viruses were rescued from pBRAdV14-transfected A549 cells. The integrity of the rescued viruses was identified by restriction enzyme analysis. The complete sequence of the infectious clone was further sequenced. No mutation was found in the infectious clone during the construction when compared with the parental virus and pBR322 sequences. The direct immunofluorescence assay indicated the expression of the hexon protein. Finally, typical virions were observed; the one-step growth curves further showed that the DNA replication and viral reproduction efficiency of pBRAd14 derived viruses was similar with that of wild-type HAdV-B14 strain. The successful construction of the replication-competent infectious clone of pBRAdV14 facilitates the development of vaccine and antiviral drugs against HAdV-B14, as well as provides a novel strategy for rapid construction of infectious viral clones for other large-genome DNA viruses.
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Kannan M, Ismail I, Bunawan H. Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus: From Genome to Disease Management. Viruses 2018; 10:E492. [PMID: 30217014 PMCID: PMC6164272 DOI: 10.3390/v10090492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a serious maize pathogen, epidemic worldwide, and one of the most common virus diseases for monocotyledonous plants, causing up to 70% loss in corn yield globally since 1960. MDMV belongs to the genus Potyvirus (Potyviridae) and was first identified in 1964 in Illinois in corn and Johnsongrass. MDMV is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus and is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by several aphid species. MDMV is amongst the most important virus diseases in maize worldwide. This review will discuss its genome, transmission, symptomatology, diagnosis and management. Particular emphasis will be given to the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis and control of MDMV, due to its importance in reducing the impact of maize dwarf mosaic disease, to produce an enhanced quality and quantity of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathavi Kannan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
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25
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Oliveira LM, Blawid R, Orílio AF, Andrade BYG, Souza ACA, Nagata T. Development of an infectious clone and replicon system of norovirus GII.4. J Virol Methods 2018; 258:49-53. [PMID: 29800592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the main causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and is responsible for at least 20% of all cases. The detailed molecular mechanism of this norovirus remains unknown due to the lack of a suitable in vitro culturing system. An infectious clone of HuNoV would be a useful tool for elucidating the processes of viral infection and the mechanisms of replication. We developed an infectious cDNA clone of HuNoV using the rapid technique of Gibson Assembly. The complete genome of the HuNoV GII.4 Sydney subtype was cloned into a previously modified pcDNA3.1-based plasmid vector downstream from a cytomegaloviral promoter. We monitored the viral infection in vitro by inserting the reporter gene of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) between the NTPase and p22 genes, also by Gibson Assembly, to construct a HuNoV-GFP replicon. Human Caco-2 cells were transfected with the full-length genomic clone and the replicon containing GFP. The gene encoding the VP1/VP2 capsid protein was expressed, which was indirect evidence of the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs and thus the negative strand of the genome. We successfully constructed the infectious clone and its replicon containing GFP for the HuNoV GII.4 Sydney subtype, a valuable tool that will help the study of noroviral infection and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - R Blawid
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A F Orílio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - B Y G Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A C A Souza
- Engenharia de Bioprocessos e de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - T Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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26
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Zhao C, Yang H, Zhu X, Li Y, Wang N, Han S, Xu H, Chen Z, Ye Z. Oxalate-Degrading Enzyme Recombined Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Reduce Hyperoxaluria. Urology 2017; 113:253.e1-253.e7. [PMID: 29198849 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that express oxalate-degrading enzymes through biotechnology-based approach for the treatment of hyperoxaluria by oral administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS The coding gene of oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) and oxalate oxidase (OxO) was transformed into Lactococcus lactis MG1363. The oxalate degradation ability in vitro was evaluated in media with high concentration of oxalate. Hyperoxaluria rat models through high oxalate diet were given recombinant LAB through oral administration. Twenty-four-hour urinary oxalate was measured, and kidney stone formation was investigated. RESULTS LAB recombined with the coding gene of ODC could effectively decrease the amount of oxalate in the media and in the urine of rats. Moreover, the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys was also inhibited. The acid-induced promoter p170 significantly enhanced the reduction of hyperoxaluria. However, recombinant LAB expressing heterologous OxO showed less efficiency in oxalate degradation even in the presence of p170. CONCLUSION LAB expressing ODC is more efficient in degradation of oxalate in vitro and in vivo than that expressing OxO. This present study provided novel recombinant probiotic strains as a potential treatment tool against oxalosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanfu Han
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Zhang L, Jelkmann W. Construction of Full-length Infectious cDNA Clones of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and Their Agroinoculation to Woody Plants by a Novel Method of Vacuum Infiltration. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:2110-2115. [PMID: 30677370 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0573-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Construction and agroinoculation of full-length infectious cDNA clones of plant RNA viruses have been used in plant virology to prove Koch's postulates and for development of viruses as vectors for expressing foreign genes in plants. Four full-length cDNA clones (pIF3-12, pIF3-14, pIF3-15, and pIF3-19) of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) isolate 38/85 were produced. Two of the four full-length cDNA clones (pIF3-15 and pIF3-19) proved to be infectious on Nicotiana occidentalis 37B test plants by agroinoculation and were then mechanically transmissible to healthy N. occidentalis 37B. The genomic cDNAs of ACLSV pIF3-15 and pIF3-19 shared nucleotide identity of 77.5%, demonstrating mixed infections of multiple strains of ACLSV in the source tree of isolate 38/85. The two full-length cDNA clones were agroinoculated to apple seedlings by a newly developed vacuum infiltration method. The success rate of agroinoculation was greater than 78%, defined as the number of PCR positive seedlings to the number of apple seedlings that survived. ACLSV was transmissible from agroinoculated seedlings by cleft grafting. The results of this study will be useful for construction of infectious cDNA clones of plant viruses from full-length PCR fragments and agroinoculating woody host plants using the vacuum infiltration method outlined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, D-69221 Dossenheim, and Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Jelkmann
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany
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28
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Sun K, Zhao D, Liu Y, Huang C, Zhang W, Li Z. Rapid Construction of Complex Plant RNA Virus Infectious cDNA Clones for Agroinfection Using a Yeast-E. coli-Agrobacterium Shuttle Vector. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110332. [PMID: 29112135 PMCID: PMC5707539 DOI: 10.3390/v9110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of infectious full-length clone is indispensable for reverse genetics studies of virus biology, pathology and construction of viral vectors. However, for RNA viruses with large genome sizes or those exhibiting inherent cloning difficulties, procedure to generate biologically active complementary DNA (cDNA) clones can be time-consuming or technically challenging. Here we have constructed a yeast-Escherichia coli-Agrobacterium shuttle vector that enables highly efficient homologous recombination in yeast for assembly of Agrobacterium compatible plant virus clones. Using this vector, we show that infectious cDNA clones of a plant negative-stranded RNA virus, sonchus yellow net rhabdovirus, can be rapidly assembled. In addition, one-step assembly of infectious clones of potato virus Y in yeast, either with or without intron, was readily achieved from as many as eight overlapping DNA fragments. More importantly, the recovered yeast plasmids can be transformed directly into Agrobacterium for inoculation, thereby obviating the E. coli cloning steps and associated toxicity issues. This method is rapid, highly efficient and cost-effective and should be readily applicable to a broad range of plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Changjun Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sichuan Plant Protection Station, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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A rapid method for establishment of a reverse genetics system for canine parvovirus. Virus Genes 2017; 53:876-882. [PMID: 28808849 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of dogs that causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis disease. Here, we describe a rapid method for the construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone (rCPV) of CPV. Feline kidney (F81) cells were transfected with rCPV incorporating an engineered EcoR I site that served as a genetic marker. The rescued virus was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus in its biological properties.
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30
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Tuo D, Fu L, Shen W, Li X, Zhou P, Yan P. Generation of stable infectious clones of plant viruses by using Rhizobium radiobacter for both cloning and inoculation. Virology 2017; 510:99-103. [PMID: 28715654 PMCID: PMC7173343 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel Rhizobium radiobacter (synonym Agrobacterium tumefaciens)-mediated approach was developed to generate stable infectious clones of plant viruses. This method uses R. radiobacter for both cloning and inoculation of infectious clones, bypassing the requirement of cloning in E. coli to avoid the instability. Only three steps are included in this method: (i) construct viral genome-encoding plasmids in vitro by one-step Gibson assembly; (ii) transform the assembled DNA products into R. radiobacter; (iii) inoculate plants with the R. radiobacter clones containing the viral genome. Stable infectious clones were obtained from two potyviruses papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) using this method, whereas attempts utilizing "classical" E. coli cloning system failed repeatedly. This method is simple and efficient, and is promising for a wide application in generation of infectious clones of plant virus, especially for those which are instable in E. coli. A novel approach was developed to generate infectious clones of plant viruses. It uses R. radiobacter for both cloning and inoculation of infectious clones. It bypasses the requirement of cloning in E. coli to avoid the instability. Stable infectious clones of PRSV and PLDMV were obtained using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Lanlan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Purification, expression and characterization of a novel α-l-fucosidase from a marine bacteria Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 129:9-17. [PMID: 27576198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-l-Fucosyl residues are frequently found in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates which play fundamental roles in various biological processes. α-l-Fucosidases, glycoside hydrolases for catalyzing the removal of α-l-fucose, can serve as desirable tools in the study and the modification of fucose-containing biomolecules. In this study, an α-l-fucosidase named as Alf1_Wf was purified from a marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica by using a combination of chromatographic procedures. The sequence of Alf1_Wf was identified via proteomics analysis against the predicted proteome of the bacterium. Recombinant Alf1_Wf with 6×His tag was expressed in E. coli and showed α-l-fucosidase activity. Sequence annotation revealed that Alf1_Wf contained a combination of GH29 catalytic domain and CBM35 accessory domain. Alf1_Wf was confirmed as a member of GH29-A subfamily based on the phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, biochemical properties and kinetic characteristics of the enzyme were also determined. Substrate specificity determination showed that Alf1_Wf was capable in hydrolyzing α1,4-fucosidic linkage and synthetic substrate pNP-fucose. Besides, Alf1_Wf could act on partially degraded fucoidan. This study successfully purified, identified, cloned, expressed and characterized a novel α-l-fucosidase, and meanwhile revealed a new multidomain structure of glycoside hydrolase. The knowledge gained from this study should facilitate the further research and application of α-l-fucosidases.
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