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Valenzuela AR, Turner M, Markarian N, Lachance-Brais C, Hanrahan J, Vali H, Vidal S, Mongeau L. Design, infectability, and transcriptomic analysis of transregionally differentiated and scalable lung organoids derived from adult bronchial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601655. [PMID: 39026877 PMCID: PMC11257428 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The lung is a primary target for many lethal respiratory viruses, leading to significant global mortality. Current organoid models fail to completely mimic the cellular diversity and intricate tubular and branching structures of the human lung. Lung organoids derived from adult primary cells have so far only included cells from the input cell region, proximal or distal. Existing models are expensive. They often require cells from invasive deep lung tissue biopsies. The present study aimed to address these limitations. The lung organoids obtained using an original protocol exhibited transregional differentiation and were derived from relatively more accessible primary cells from the trachea/bronchi. Immortal bronchial cell lines were also used to simplify organoid fabrication and improve its scalability. The lung organoids are formed starting from bronchial cells with fibroblasts feeder cells in an alginate hydrogel coated with base membrane zone proteins. Characterizations were performed using bulk RNA sequencing and tandem mass tags. The resulting organoids express markers of different lung regions and mimic to some extent the tubular and branching morphology of the lung. The proteomic profile of organoid from primary cells and from cell lines was found to evolve towards that of mature lung tissue. Upregulated genes were mostly related to the respiratory system, tube development, and various aspects of respiratory viral infections. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 was successful and did not require organoid disassembly. The organoids matured within 21 days and did not require complex or expensive culture methods. Transregionally differentiated lung organoid may find applications for the study of emerging or re-emerging viral infections and fostering the development of novel in-vitro therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Reyes Valenzuela
- Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. H3A 2B4
- Department of Mechanical engineering. McGill University. Montreal, Canada. H3A 0C3
| | - Mark Turner
- Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Bureau of Gastroenterology, Infection and Viral Diseases, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Nathan Markarian
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 0C7
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 0B1
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center and Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal. Montreal, Canada, J25 2MD
| | | | - John Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. H3G 1Y6
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. H3A 0C7
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 0C7
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 0B1
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. H3A 2B4
- Department of Mechanical engineering. McGill University. Montreal, Canada. H3A 0C3
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Kropinski AM. Bacteriophage research - What we have learnt and what still needs to be addressed. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:481-487. [PMID: 29777837 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on bacteriophages has significantly enhanced our understanding of molecular biology, the genomes of prokaryotic cells, and viral ecology. Phages and lysins offer a viable alternative to the declining utility of antibiotics in this post-antibiotic era. They also provide ideal teaching tools for genomics and bioinformatics. This article touches on the first 100 years of phage research with the author commenting on what he thinks are the highlights, and what needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 1W1, Canada.
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Abstract
Prions are molecules characterized by self-propagation, which can undergo a conformational switch leading to the creation of new prions. Prion proteins have originally been associated with the development of mammalian pathologies; however, recently they have been shown to contribute to the environmental adaptation in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Bacteriophages are widespread and represent the important regulators of microbiota homeostasis and have been shown to be diverse across various bacterial families. Here, we examined whether bacteriophages contain prion-like proteins and whether these prion-like protein domains are involved in the regulation of homeostasis. We used a computational algorithm, prion-like amino acid composition, to detect prion-like domains in 370,617 publicly available bacteriophage protein sequences, which resulted in the identification of 5040 putative prions. We analyzed a set of these prion-like proteins, and observed regularities in their distribution across different phage families, associated with their interactions with the bacterial host cells. We found that prion-like domains could be found across all phages of various groups of bacteria and archaea. The results obtained in this study indicate that bacteriophage prion-like proteins are predominantly involved in the interactions between bacteriophages and bacterial cell, such as those associated with the attachment and penetration of bacteriophage in the cell, and the release of the phage progeny. These data allow the identification of phage prion-like proteins as novel regulators of the interactions between bacteriophages and bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victor Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, United States
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