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Najimi N, Kadi C, Elmtili N, Seghrouchni F, Bakri Y. Unravelling humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2: Insights from infection and vaccination. Hum Antibodies 2024:HAB230017. [PMID: 38758995 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Following infection and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, humoral components of the adaptive immune system play a key role in protecting the host. Specifically, B cells generate high-affinity antibodies against various antigens of the virus. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immunity initiation through both natural infection and vaccination, shedding light on the activation of B cell subsets in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The innate immune system serves as the initial line of primary and nonspecific defence against viruses. However, within several days following infection or a vaccine dose, a virus-specific immune response is initiated, primarily by B cells that produce antibodies. These antibodies contribute to the resolution of the disease. Subsequently, these B cells transition into memory B cells, which play a crucial role in providing long-term immunity against the virus. CD4+ T helper cells initiate a cascade, leading to B cell somatic hypermutation, germinal center memory B cells, and the production of neutralizing antibodies. B-cell dysfunction can worsen disease severity and reduce vaccine efficacy. Notably, individuals with B cell immunodeficiency show lower IL-6 production. Furthermore, this review delves into several aspects of immune responses, such as hybrid immunity, which has shown promise in boosting broad-spectrum protection. Cross-reactive immunity is under scrutiny as well, as pre-existing antibodies can offer protection against the disease. We also decipher breakthrough infection mechanisms, especially with the novel variants of the virus. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic solutions regarding B cells including convalescent plasma therapy, B-1 cells, B regulatory cell (Breg) modulation, and the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in combating the infection. Ongoing research is crucial to grasp population immunity trends and assess the potential need for booster doses in maintaining effective immune responses against potential viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhaila Najimi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chaimae Kadi
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Elmtili
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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Hossain MI, Sarker P, Raqib R, Rahman MZ, Hasan R, Svezia CK, Rahman M, Amin N. Antibody response to different COVID-19 vaccines among the migrant workers of Bangladesh. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128330. [PMID: 36969162 PMCID: PMC10034009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, various host countries such as Singapore, imposed entry requirements for migrant workers including pre-departure COVID-19 seroconversion proof. To combat COVID-19 worldwide, several vaccines have acquired conditional approval. This study sought to assess antibody levels after immunization with different COVID-19 vaccines among the migrant workers of Bangladesh. Methods Venous blood samples were collected from migrant workers who were vaccinated with different COVID-19 vaccines (n=675). Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and nucleocapsid protein (N) were determined using Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and N immunoassay, respectively. Results All participants receiving COVID-19 vaccines showed antibodies to S-protein, while 91.36% were positive for N-specific antibodies. The highest anti-S antibody titers were found among the workers who completed booster doses (13327 U/mL), received mRNA vaccines Moderna/Spikevax (9459 U/mL) or Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty (9181 U/mL), and reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in the last six months (8849 U/mL). The median anti-S antibody titers in the first month since the last vaccination was 8184 U/mL, which declined to 5094 U/mL at the end of six months. A strong correlation of anti-S antibodies was found with past SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.001) and the type of vaccines received (p <0.001) in the workers.Conclusion: Bangladeshi migrant workers receiving booster doses of vaccine, vaccinated with mRNA vaccines, and having past SARS-CoV-2 infection, mounted higher antibody responses. However, antibody levels waned with time. These findings suggest a need for further booster doses, preferably with mRNA vaccines for migrant workers before reaching host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imam Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chloe K. Svezia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nuhu Amin,
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Ou X, Jiang J, Lin B, Liu Q, Lin W, Chen G, Wen J. Antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 17:e13078. [PMID: 36535669 PMCID: PMC9835425 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine is critical in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. However, obesity's effect on immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines is still unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature and compared antibody responses with COVID-19 vaccines among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all related studies up to April 2022. The Stata.14 software was used to analyze the selected data. Eleven studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Five of them provided absolute values of antibody titers in the obese group and non-obese group. Overall, we found that the obese population was significantly associated with lower antibody titers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.228, 95% CI [-0.437, -0.019], P < 0.001) after COVID-19 vaccination. Significant heterogeneity was present in most pooled analyses but was reduced after subgroup analyses. No publication bias was observed in the present analysis. The Trim and Fill method did not change the results in the primary analysis. The present meta-analysis suggested that obesity was significantly associated with decreased antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Future studies should be performed to unravel the mechanism of response to the COVID-19 vaccine in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Bingqian Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qinyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Junping Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial HospitalShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Omran EA, El Naggar RE, Ezz Elarab LA, Hashish MH, El-Barrawy MA, Abdelwahab IA, Fekry MM. Anti-Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies after Two Doses of COVID-19 Sinopharm/BIBP Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1340. [PMID: 36016228 PMCID: PMC9415602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Host response to COVID-19 vaccines is partially evaluated through the estimation of antibody response, specifically the binding anti-spike (anti-S) and the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-induced humoral response affects decisions on the choice of vaccine type, vaccine acceptance, and the need for boosting. Identification of risk factors for poor antibody response helps to stratify individuals who might potentially require booster doses. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the antibody response after receiving two Sinopharm vaccine doses. Factors affecting antibody response were additionally studied. Moreover, a predictive cutoff for anti-S was generated to predict positivity of nAbs. Blood samples were collected from 92 adults and relevant data were recorded. Antibody levels (anti-S and nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were tested one month following the second dose of Sinopharm vaccine using two commercial ELISA tests. Among the 92 participants, 88 tested positive for anti-S (95.7%), with a median level of 52.15 RU/mL (equivalent to 166.88 BAU/mL). Fewer participants (67.4%) were positive for nAbs, with a median percentage of inhibition (%IH) of 50.62% (24.05−84.36). A significant positive correlation existed between the titers of both antibodies (correlation coefficient = 0.875, p < 0.001). When the anti-S titer was greater than 40 RU/mL (128 BAU/mL), nAbs were also positive with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 90%. Positive nAbs results were associated with a higher anti-S titers (62.1 RU/mL) compared to negative nAbs (mean anti-S titer of 18.6 RU/mL). History of COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with higher titers of anti-S (p = 0.043) and higher IH% of nAbs (p = 0.048). Hypertensive participants were found to have significantly higher median titers of anti-S (101.18 RU/mL) compared with non-hypertensive ones (42.15 RU/mL), p = 0.034. Post-vaccination headache was significantly higher among those with higher anti-S than those with relatively lower titers (98.82 versus 43.69 RU/mL, p = 0.048). It can be concluded that the Sinopharm vaccine produced high levels of binding antibodies but with low neutralizing abilities. Also, levels of anti-S titer greater than 40 RU/mL could adequately predict positivity of nAbs without need for their testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Roaa E. El Naggar
- Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11516, Egypt; (R.E.E.N.); (L.A.E.E.)
| | | | - Mona H. Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Mohammed A. El-Barrawy
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Abdelwahab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Fekry
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
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Chivu-Economescu M, Vremera T, Ruta SM, Grancea C, Leustean M, Chiriac D, David A, Matei L, Diaconu CC, Gatea A, Ilie C, Radu I, Cornienco AM, Iancu LS, Cirstoiu C, Pop CS, Petru R, Strambu V, Malciolu S, Popescu CP, Florescu SA, Rafila A, Furtunescu FL, Pistol A. Assessment of the Humoral Immune Response Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers: A One Year Longitudinal Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1526. [PMID: 35884831 PMCID: PMC9312940 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous variability of SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid waning of specific antibodies threatens the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to evaluate antibody kinetics one year after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with an mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (HCW), with or without a booster. A marked decline in anti-Spike(S)/Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antibody levels was registered during the first eight months post-vaccination, followed by a transitory increase after the booster. At three months post-booster an increased antibody level was maintained only in HCW vaccinated after a prior infection, who also developed a higher and long-lasting level of anti-S IgA antibodies. Still, IgG anti-nucleocapsid (NCP) fades five months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the decline in antibodies one-year post-vaccination, 68.2% of HCW preserved the neutralization capacity against the ancestral variant, with a decrease of only 17.08% in the neutralizing capacity against the Omicron variant. Nevertheless, breakthrough infections were present in 6.65% of all participants, without any correlation with the previous level of anti-S/RBD IgG. Protection against the ancestral and Omicron variants is maintained at least three months after a booster in HCW, possibly reflecting a continuous antigenic stimulation in the professional setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.-E.); (C.G.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Teodora Vremera
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Public Health Microbiology Path (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 16973 Solna, Sweden
| | - Simona Maria Ruta
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Camelia Grancea
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.-E.); (C.G.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Mihaela Leustean
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Daniela Chiriac
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.-E.); (C.G.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Adina David
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Lilia Matei
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.-E.); (C.G.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Carmen C. Diaconu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.-E.); (C.G.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Adina Gatea
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ciprian Ilie
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Iuliana Radu
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Cornienco
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (T.V.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (I.R.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Luminita Smaranda Iancu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Center of Public Health Iași, 700465 Iași, Romania
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Silvia Pop
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Petru
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- Dr. Carol Davila Nephrology Clinical Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Strambu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- Dr. Carol Davila Nephrology Clinical Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Malciolu
- Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Corneliu Petru Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simin Aysel Florescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Rafila
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Matei Bals”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ligia Furtunescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Pistol
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (C.S.P.); (R.P.); (V.S.); (C.P.P.); (S.A.F.); (A.R.); (F.L.F.); (A.P.)
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El-Ghitany EM, Ashour A, Farghaly AG, Hashish MH, Omran EA. Predictors of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: An Egyptian population-based study. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:113-123. [PMID: 38013717 PMCID: PMC9212586 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Population-based studies on the determinants of COVID-19 seroprevalence constitute a cornerstone in guiding appropriate preventive measures. Such studies are scarce in Egypt, thus we conducted this study to explore risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods This survey included 2919 participants from 10 Egyptian governorates. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associated factors and predictors of seropositivity regarding sociodemographic factors, clinical data, and personal practices of participants. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the occupational risks of seropositivity. Results Seropositivity was recorded in 1564 participants (53.6%). Independent predictors of seropositivity included non-smokers (aOR = 1.817; 95% CI: 1.407-2.346, p = 0.000), having blood group A (aOR = 1.231; 95% CI: 1.016-1.493, p = 0.034), a history of COVID-19 infection (aOR = 2.997; 95% CI: 2.176-4.127, p = 0.000), COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 4.349; 95%CI: 2.798-6.759, p = 0.000), higher crowding index (aOR = 1.229; 95% CI: 1.041-1.451, p = 0.015), anosmia and/or ageusia (aOR = 3.453; 95% CI: 2.661-4.481, p = 0.000) and history of fever (aOR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.033-1.560, p = 0.023). Healthcare worker and Obesity/overweight were additional significant predictors of seropositivity among the working participants (aOR = 1.760; 95% CI: 1.301-2.381, p = 0.000 and aOR = 1.384; 95% CI: 1.059-1.808, p = 0.019, respectively). Additional factors showing association with seropositivity in the univariate analysis were: female gender, age group (15-39 years), higher educational level (preparatory and above), lack of environmental disinfection and having roommates at the workplace. There was a positive correlation between the titers of both antibodies. Age was weakly correlated with anti-S titer, while anti-N was significantly correlated with the number of protective measures applied by the participants. Both antibodies were significantly correlated with adult BMI, while both were significantly negatively correlated with the smoking index. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was associated with some personal and behavioral and occupation-related factors. Fever and anosmia and/or ageusia were the symptoms mostly associated with seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayat Ashour
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Aijaz J, Hussain S, Naseer F, Kanani F, Anis S, Sarfaraz S, Saeed S, Farooq H, Jamal S. Neutralizing Antibody Response to BBIBP-CorV in Comparison with COVID-19 Recovered, Unvaccinated Individuals in a Sample of the Pakistani Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050692. [PMID: 35632448 PMCID: PMC9171576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty five percent of the Pakistani population is still unvaccinated with the two-dose protocol of COVID-19 vaccines. This study was undertaken to determine the seroconversion rate and antibody titers following the two-dose BBIBP-CorV protocol, and to compare these variables in unvaccinated, COVID-19 recovered individuals (total n = 180) at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi. Pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assays and SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quant II (Abbott) immunoassays were performed 4-8 weeks following the second dose of the BBIBP-CorV or PCR positivity/onset of symptoms of COVID-19. Seroconversion rate, using neutralization assays, in vaccinated individuals was lower (78%) than that in unvaccinated, COVID-19-recovered individuals with moderate to severe infection (97%). Prior PCR positivity increased serocoversion rate to 98% in vaccinated individuals. Immunoassays did not, however, reveal significant inter-group differences in seroconversion rates (≥95% in all groups). Log10 mean antibody neutralizing titers following the two-dose BBIBP-CorV protocol (IC50 = 2.21) were found to be significantly less than those succeeding moderate to severe COVID-19 (IC50 = 2.94). Prior SARS-CoV-2 positivity significantly increased post-vaccination antibody titers (IC50 = 2.82). Similar inter-group titer differences were obtained using the immunoassay. BBIBP-CorV post-vaccination titers may, thus, be lower than those following natural, moderate to severe infection, while prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure increases these titers to more closely approximate the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Aijaz
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-21-35112709 (ext. 2788)
| | - Shakir Hussain
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
| | - Fouzia Naseer
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
| | - Fatima Kanani
- Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (F.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Sabiha Anis
- Immunology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Samreen Sarfaraz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Saima Saeed
- Pulmonology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Farooq
- Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (F.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Saba Jamal
- Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
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