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Slivesteri S, Ssali A, Bahemuka UM, Nsubuga D, Muwanga M, Nsereko C, Ssemwanga E, Robert A, Seeley J, Elliott A, Ruzagira E. Structural and social factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers and older people in Uganda: A qualitative analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002188. [PMID: 38809910 PMCID: PMC11135783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine rollout programme in Uganda was launched in March 2021 for priority groups: Healthcare Workers (HCWs), older persons (≥50 years), and persons with chronic conditions. Misinformation, distrust in healthcare systems, and cultural beliefs, pose significant challenges to vaccine uptake. We describe the social and structural factors affecting the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs and older people in Uganda. Between September and October 2021, we conducted 33 in-depth interviews with 25 HCWs aged 21-63 years from three hospitals in central Uganda and eight older people from Wakiso district. Participant selection was purposive, based on sex, occupation, education, cadre of HCWs and vaccination status. We explored participants' knowledge, beliefs, personal experiences, barriers, and facilitators to vaccine uptake as well as suggestions for future COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English, coded, and analysed by theme. Twenty-two of the 25 (88%) HCWs and 3 of the 8 (38%) older people had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at the time of interview. The structural facilitating factors to vaccine uptake included access to correct information, fear of a risky work environment, and mandatory vaccination requirements especially for frontline HCWs. Age, chronic health conditions, and the fear of death were facilitating factors for older people. Misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines and fear of side effects were common social barriers for both groups. Long distances to vaccination centres, vaccine stock-outs, and long queues at the vaccination centres were specific barriers for older people. The prerequisite of signing a consent form was a specific structural barrier for HCWs. Future roll out of new vaccines should have a comprehensive information dissemination strategy about the vaccines. Improved access to vaccines through community outreach, reliable vaccine supplies and addressing vaccine misinformation, may enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Ssali
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Denis Nsubuga
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Wakiso, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Asaba Robert
- Our Lady of Consolata, Kisubi Hospital, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Janet Seeley
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Elliott
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Ruzagira
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Rahbeni TA, Satapathy P, Itumalla R, Marzo RR, Mugheed KAL, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Rabaan AA, Alrasheed HA, Al-Subaie MF, Al Kaabil NA, Alissa M, Ibrahim AAAL, Alsaif HA, Naser IH, Rustagi S, Kukreti N, Dziedzic A. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e54769. [PMID: 38687992 PMCID: PMC11062401 DOI: 10.2196/54769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the development and global distribution of vaccines, making the understanding of global vaccine acceptance and hesitancy crucial to overcoming barriers to vaccination and achieving widespread immunization. OBJECTIVE This umbrella review synthesizes findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to provide insights into global perceptions on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy across diverse populations and regions. METHODS We conducted a literature search across major databases to identify systematic reviews and meta-analysis that reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. The AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) criteria were used to assess the methodological quality of included systematic reviews. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 17 with a random effect model. The data synthesis is presented in a table format and via a narrative. RESULTS Our inclusion criteria were met by 78 meta-analyses published between 2021 and 2023. Our analysis revealed a moderate vaccine acceptance rate of 63% (95% CI 0.60%-0.67%) in the general population, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97.59%). Higher acceptance rates were observed among health care workers and individuals with chronic diseases, at 64% (95% CI 0.57%-0.71%) and 69% (95% CI 0.61%-0.76%), respectively. However, lower acceptance was noted among pregnant women, at 48% (95% CI 0.42%-0.53%), and parents consenting for their children, at 61.29% (95% CI 0.56%-0.67%). The pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 32% (95% CI 0.25%-0.39%) in the general population. The quality assessment revealed 19 high-quality, 38 moderate-quality, 15 low-quality, and 6 critically low-quality meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS This review revealed the presence of vaccine hesitancy globally, emphasizing the necessity for population-specific, culturally sensitive interventions and clear, credible information dissemination to foster vaccine acceptance. The observed disparities accentuate the need for continuous research to understand evolving vaccine perceptions and to address the unique concerns and needs of diverse populations, thereby aiding in the formulation of effective and inclusive vaccination strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023468363; https://tinyurl.com/2p9kv9cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Al Rahbeni
- Molecular Toxicology and Genetics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Khalid A L Mugheed
- Molecular Toxicology and Genetics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- One Health Centre (COHERD), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network, Division of Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Hayam A Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F Al-Subaie
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, Dr Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabil
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Israa Habeeb Naser
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Iraq
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Dinga JN, Kabakama S, Njimoh DL, Chia JE, Morhason-Bello I, Lumu I. Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38250847 PMCID: PMC10818751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is the best method to ensure herd immunity in order to curb the effect of the pandemic on the global economy. It is therefore important to assess the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy on a global scale. Factors were recorded from cross-sectional studies analyzed with t-Test, ANOVA, correlation, and meta-regression analyses and synthesized to identify global trends in order to inform policy. We registered the protocol (ID: CRD42022350418) and used standard Cochrane methods and PRISMA guidelines to collect and synthesize cross-sectional articles published between January 2020 and August 2023. A total of 67 articles with 576 studies from 185 countries involving 3081,766 participants were included in this synthesis. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 65.27% (95% CI; 62.72-67.84%), while global vaccine hesitancy stood at 32.1% (95% CI; 29.05-35.17%). One-Way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement across the World Bank income levels (p < 0.187). There was a significant difference of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001) and vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.005) across the different World Bank Income levels. World Bank income level had a strong influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p < 0.0004) and hesitancy (p < 0.003) but percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement did not. There was no correlation between percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (r = -0.11, p < 0.164) or vaccine hesitancy (r = -0.09, p < 0.234). Meta-regression analysis showed that living in an urban setting (OR = 4.83, 95% CI; 0.67-212.8), rural setting (OR = 2.53, 95% CI; 0.29-119.33), older (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 0.99-4.07), higher education (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 0.85-3.81), and being a low income earner (OR = 2.85, 95% CI; 0.45-30.63) increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors that increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were no influenza vaccine (OR = 33.06, 95% CI; 5.03-1395.01), mistrust for vaccines (OR = 3.91, 95% CI; 1.92-8.24), complacency (OR = 2.86, 95% CI; 1.02-8.83), pregnancy (OR = 2.3, 95% CI; 0.12-141.76), taking traditional herbs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI; 0.52-10.42), being female (OR = 1.53, 95% CI; 0.78-3.01), and safety concerns (OR = 1.29, 95% CI; 0.67-2.51). We proposed a number of recommendations to increase vaccine acceptance and ensure global herd immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
- Michael Gahnyam Gbeugvat Foundation, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Severin Kabakama
- Humanitarian and Public Health Consultant, Mwanza P.O. Box 511, Tanzania
| | - Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Brazaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | - Ivan Lumu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
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Kondo A, Abuliezi R, Ota E, Oki T, Naruse K. Cross-sectional study of factors related to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university healthcare students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1325942. [PMID: 38155882 PMCID: PMC10752956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1325942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare students are more likely to become infected than other university students as they may encounter patients with COVID-19 during clinical training. Vaccination uptake is essential to prevent infection. This study explored factors related to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare students. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted online surveys of undergraduate and graduate nursing and healthcare graduate students from four medical universities in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan. Data were collected from June to August 2022, when the fourth vaccination program was initiated. Results Data from 1,169 students were analyzed (response rate = 37.3%). The mean age was 25.1 ± 7.6 years, and most were female (82.3%). Academic majors included nursing (68.0%), medicine (16.3%), dentistry (9.3%), and others (6.4%). Thirty students (2.6%) were not vaccinated, one student (0.1%) had received one vaccination, 997 (85.3%) had received three, and 27 (2.3%) had received four. The major reason for not being vaccinated was insufficient confirmation of its safety (n = 25). Students who had received at least one vaccination (n = 1,139), 965 (84.7%) reported experiencing adverse side effects, the most frequent being pain at the injection site (76.2%), followed by fever (68.3%). In the logistic regression, a greater number of vaccinations (3-4 times) was associated with older age (odds ratio, OR = 1.53), working (OR = 1.67), and more frequent infection-preventive behaviors (OR = 1.05). Significantly fewer students were vaccinated at University B than at University A (OR = 0.46). Additionally, those majoring in subjects other than nursing (OR = 0.28), and students from non-Asian countries (OR = 0.30) were less likely to be vaccinated. Discussion It is necessary to pay attention to and encourage the vaccination of students who engage in low levels of preventive behavior, students who are young, international, or unemployed, and those in non-healthcare professional majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kondo
- International Nursing Development, Graduate School of Healthcare Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Erika Ota
- Global Health Nursing, St. Lukes International University, Tokyo, Japan
- The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Oki
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Naruse
- School of Nursing, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Okpani AI, Lockhart K, Grant JM, Barker S, Srigley JA, Yassi A. Vaccination, time lost from work, and COVID-19 infections: a Canadian healthcare worker retrospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1214093. [PMID: 37608982 PMCID: PMC10440376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1214093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted hurdles for healthcare delivery and personnel globally. Vaccination has been an important tool for preventing severe illness and death in healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as the public at large. However, vaccination has resulted in some HCWs requiring time off work post-vaccination to recover from adverse events. We aimed to understand which HCWs needed to take time off work post-vaccination, for which vaccine types and sequence, and how post-vaccination absence impacted uptake of booster doses in a cohort of 26,267 Canadian HCWs. By March 31, 2022, more than 98% had received at least two doses of the approved COVID-19 vaccines, following a two-dose mandate. We found that recent vaccination and longer intervals between doses were associated with significantly higher odds of time-loss, whereas being a medical resident and receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine were associated with lower odds. A history of lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower odds of receiving a booster dose compared with no documented infection, aOR 0.61 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.68). Similarly, taking sick time following the first or second dose was associated with lower odds of receiving a booster dose, aOR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.90). As SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic, the number and timing of additional doses for HCWs requires consideration of prevention of illness as well as service disruption from post-vaccination time-loss. Care should be taken to ensure adequate staffing if many HCWs are being vaccinated, especially for coverage for those who are more likely to need time off to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold I. Okpani
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Medical Practitioners Occupational Safety and Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Lockhart
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Grant
- Medical Practitioners Occupational Safety and Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Barker
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jocelyn A. Srigley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annalee Yassi
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Medical Practitioners Occupational Safety and Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kongo E, Shpati K, Dama A, Ymeraj S, Murati E, Veliaj U, Xinxo S. Determinant Factors of Voluntary or Mandatory Vaccination against COVID-19: A Survey Study among Students at Albanian University. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1215. [PMID: 37515031 PMCID: PMC10385280 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world faced serious health and socioeconomic issues with the advent of COVID-19. Along with handwashing, social distancing, and the wearing of masks, vaccination was considered by medical authorities as a key way to curb the spread of the virus. One of the measures that have been proposed to increase vaccinations is the mandatory policy. The purpose of this study was to compare the determinants of voluntary and mandatory vaccination among students at Albanian University. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study, conducted by means of an online survey, was conducted among students enrolled at the private Albanian University, Tirana, Albania during the last week of the winter semester, 7-14 February 2022. RESULTS In sum, 878 students participated in this study, among whom 612 (69.7%) were females and 266 (30%) were males. Of the participants, 506 (57%) were enrolled in medical science (MS) and 372 (42.3%) were in the non-medical science (Non-MS) group. A total of 773 (88%) were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 105 (11.8%) were not vaccinated. A total of 466 (53%) reported voluntary vaccination, and 412 (46.9%) reported mandatory vaccination. Among the students who were vaccinated voluntarily, 266 (57%) were from the MS group and 200 (42.9%) were from the Non-MS group. A total of 237 (57.5%) of students in the mandatory vaccination group were from the MS group, and 175 (42.4%) were from the Non-MS group. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine safety and efficacy were hindering factors in vaccination. Additionally, based on the results of this study, the students felt encouraged by the academic staff to vaccinate. This clearly demonstrates that the staff does not lack the skills to enhance students' knowledge about the risk of infectious diseases and the importance of vaccination. Therefore, to influence students' attitudes as much as possible toward vaccination, comprehensive educational programs, including modifications of existing curricula, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elona Kongo
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Kleva Shpati
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Aida Dama
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Sibela Ymeraj
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Ema Murati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Uels Veliaj
- IT Department, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
| | - Sonela Xinxo
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania
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Hajissa K, Mutiat HA, Kaabi NA, Alissa M, Garout M, Alenezy AA, Almaghrabi RH, Alrasheed HA, Al-Subaie MF, Alhani HM, Alshehri AA, Almazni IA, Alqahtani AS, Bahwerth FS, Alqethami NH, Alzayer AA, Rabaan AA. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Migrants, Refugees, and Foreign Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1070. [PMID: 37376459 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of current vaccines in reducing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people, including migrants, refugees, and foreign workers, are hesitant to be vaccinated. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of the acceptance and hesitancy rates of the COVID-19 vaccine among these populations. A comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Initially, 797 potential records were identified, of which 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions using data from 14 studies revealed that the overall acceptance rate of COVID vaccination among 29,152 subjects was 56.7% (95% CI: 44.9-68.5%), while the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among 26,154 migrants reported in 12 studies was estimated to be 31.7% (95% CI: 44.9-68.5%). The acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccination first declined from 77.3% in 2020 to 52.9% in 2021 and then slightly increased to 56.1% in 2022. The most frequent factors influencing vaccine hesitancy were worries about vaccine efficacy and safety. Intensive vaccination campaigns should be implemented to raise vaccination awareness among migrants, which will increase the acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccine and result in herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hajissa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan
| | - Hammed-Akanmu Mutiat
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nawal Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anood A Alenezy
- Laboratory Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Collage of Medicine, Dar AlUloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana H Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam A Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F Al-Subaie
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Alhani
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 31176, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Control, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 31176, Saudi Arabia
- Preventive Medicine and Infection Prevention and Control Department, Directorate of Ministry of Health, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amal A Alzayer
- Nursing Department, Erhadah Psychiatric & Mental health, Dammam 31422, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
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Rojop N, Calvimontes DM, Barrios E, Lamb MM, Paniagua-Avila A, Monzon J, Duca LM, Iwamoto C, Chard AN, Gomez M, Arias K, Roell Y, Bolanos GA, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Lopez MR, Cordon-Rosales C, Asturias EJ, Olson D. COVID-19 Attitudes and Vaccine Hesitancy among an Agricultural Community in Southwest Guatemala: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1059. [PMID: 37376448 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite offering free-of-charge COVID-19 vaccines starting July 2021, Guatemala has one of the lowest vaccination rates in Latin America. From 28 September 2021 to 11 April 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of community members, adapting a CDC questionnaire to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine access and hesitancy. Of 233 participants ≥ 12 years, 127 (55%) received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 and 4 (2%) reported prior COVID-19 illness. Persons ≥ 12 years old who were unvaccinated (n = 106) were more likely to be female (73% vs. 41%, p < 0.001) and homemakers (69% vs. 24%, p < 0.01) compared with vaccinated participants (n = 127). Among those ≥18 years, the main reported motivation for vaccination among vaccinated participants was to protect the health of family/friends (101/117, 86%); on the other hand, 40 (55%) unvaccinated persons reported little/no confidence in public health institutions recommending COVID-19 vaccination. Community- and/or home-based vaccination programs, including vaccination of families through the workplace, may better reach female homemakers and reduce inequities and hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neudy Rojop
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Diva M Calvimontes
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edgar Barrios
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 11032, USA
| | - Jose Monzon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lindsey M Duca
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Chelsea Iwamoto
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Anna N Chard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Melissa Gomez
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Kareen Arias
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Yannik Roell
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guillermo Antonio Bolanos
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Olson
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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9
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Zhou Z, Shen J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Wang T, Li J, Zhao X. Effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:425. [PMID: 36869301 PMCID: PMC9983539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of anxiety and depression with adverse reactions after receipt of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is not clear among the general population. This study aims to evaluate the effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted during April-July 2021. Participants completing the two doses of vaccine were included in this study. Sociodemographic information, anxiety and depression levels and adverse reactions after the first dose of vaccine for all participants were collected. The anxiety and depression levels were assessed by the Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire Scale, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between anxiety and depression and adverse reactions. RESULTS A total of 2161 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.3-14.2%) and 15% (95%CI, 13.6-16.7%), respectively. Of the 2161 participants, 1607 (74%; 95% CI, 73-76%) reported at least one adverse reaction after the first dose of the vaccine. Pain at the injection site (55%) and fatigue and headache (53% and 18%, respectively) were the most commonly reported local and systemic adverse reactions, respectively. Participants with anxiety or depression or both were more likely to report local and systemic adverse reactions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that anxiety and depression increase the risk of self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine. Consequently, appropriate psychological interventions before vaccination will help to reduce or alleviate symptoms of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhou
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China.,Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junwei Shen
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China.,Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jue Li
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China. .,Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China.
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10
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Duroseau B, Kipshidze N, Limaye RJ. The impact of delayed access to COVID-19 vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1087138. [PMID: 36711400 PMCID: PMC9878283 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1087138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A majority of low-income (LIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) were unable to achieve at least 10% population coverage during initial vaccine rollouts, despite the rapid development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Nearly three years into this pandemic, evaluating the impact of inequities in vaccine access, uptake, and availability is long overdue. We hypothesized that a delay in receiving COVID-19 vaccines was associated with an increased toll on cumulative cases and mortality. Furthermore, this relationship was modified by the size of a country's economy. Methods We performed an ecological study assessing these relationships, in which a country's economic standing was assessed by world bank income classification, gross domestic product based on the purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) per capita category, and crude GDP PPP. Results Countries with the smallest economies reported first vaccination much later than larger economies on all three rankings, as much as 100 days longer. Among low-income countries, a one-day increase until the first vaccination was associated with a 1.92% (95% CI: 0.100, 3.87) increase in cumulative cases when compared to high-income countries (p = 0.0395) when adjusting for population size, median age, and testing data availability. Similarly, among the lowest GDP PPP countries a one-day increase until the first vaccination was associated with a 2.73% (95% CI: 0.100, 5.44) increase in cumulative cases when compared to the highest GDP PPP countries (p = 0.0415). When modeling cumulative mortality, effects in the same direction and magnitude were observed, albeit statistically non-significant. Conclusion Economic standing modified the effects of delayed access to COVID-19 vaccination on cumulative cases and mortality, in which LMICs tended to fare worse in outcomes than high-income countries despite the eventual rollout of vaccines. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing equitable and timely access to COVID-19 vaccines across all countries, irrespective of economic size. Future studies should examine the impacts that vaccine inequities had on local transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenice Duroseau
- Center for Infectious Disease and Nursing Innovation, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Brenice Duroseau ✉
| | - Nodar Kipshidze
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Nodar Kipshidze ✉
| | - Rupali Jayant Limaye
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States,International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Sahin TK, Erul E, Aksun MS, Sonmezer MC, Unal S, Akova M. Knowledge and Attitudes of Turkish Physicians towards Human Monkeypox Disease and Related Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010019. [PMID: 36679864 PMCID: PMC9863926 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In May 2022, the monkeypox virus outbreak in multiple countries on various continents marked a potential resurgence of the disease as a global health issue. Considering the crucial role of physicians in mitigating the monkeypox outbreak, we sought to evaluate physicians’ knowledge, attitude, concerns, and vaccine acceptance for monkeypox, in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A large-scale, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 283 physicians between 20 August−2 September 2022, in Turkey. The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and vaccine acceptance toward monkeypox infection were collected via a questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed that 32.5% of physicians achieved a good level of knowledge; similarly, 31.4% of the physicians planned to have the monkeypox vaccine. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that female physicians (p = 0.031) and older people (≥30 vs. <30) were more likely to be knowledgeable about monkeypox (p = 0.007). We found that participants from divisions of internal medicine (p = 0.033) who knew about the monkeypox disease during medical school or residency (p = 0.005) and were previously exposed to COVID-19 disease (p = 0.005) were more likely to have a good knowledge score of monkeypox. We also found that physicians with a good knowledge score were more worried about monkeypox compared to COVID-19 (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI:1.13−4.33; p = 0.019). Additionally, those who had information on monkeypox during medical education (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.10−4.21; p = 0.024) were more likely to receive the smallpox vaccine to prevent monkeypox viral infection when available. Conclusions: The present study pointed out that physicians in Turkey have unsatisfactory levels of knowledge about the emerging monkeypox. This study results can impede attempts to detect and manage cases of monkeypox and should be addressed through appropriate and timely awareness and educational programs, alerts, and seminars. These might serve as the basis for policymakers’ decisions about promoting national monkeypox vaccination strategies and addressing potential vaccine hesitancy and misinformation when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Koray Sahin
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-3123111271
| | - Enes Erul
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Melek Seren Aksun
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Meliha Cagla Sonmezer
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Murat Akova
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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12
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COVID-19 among Czech Dentistry Students: Higher Vaccination and Lower Prevalence Compared to General Population Counterparts. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111927. [PMID: 36423022 PMCID: PMC9695306 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The restrictions on medical students’ clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their professional readiness and often lengthened their training. These negative impacts are often considered a necessary price as clinical education is hypothesized to be associated with a high risk of pandemic spread. This work assesses this hypothesis based on COVID-19 epidemiological data among Czech dentistry students and their comparison to data of the Czech general population of similar age. We addressed two of the five Czech medical faculties (Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and in Pilsen) providing dentistry study program with a survey. A total of 240 students participated, representing a 66.9% response rate. Over 75% of respondents participated in clinical education during the pandemic. The school environment was identified as a place of infection by only 9.8% of respondents who were aware of where they were infected. Overall, 100% of students used FFP2 respirators, and 75.3% used face shields or protective glasses while working with patients. By the end of May 2022, COVID-19 full vaccination and 1st booster rates among students were 93.8% and 54.6%, respectively, which is significantly higher (p < 0.0001, OR 7.3, 95% CI 4.4−12; p < 0.0001, OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.9−4.8, respectively) compared to their peers from the general population (67.1% and 24.4%, respectively). A total of 75.4% of respondents supported mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for healthcare professionals. To the same date, PCR and/or antigen test verified COVID-19 prevalence among students was 37.1%, while among peers from the general population, it was 45.1% (p = 0.015, OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0−1.5). The combination of extensive protective measures and high vaccination against COVID-19 led to significantly lower COVID-19 prevalence among the students compared to their general population counterparts.
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13
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Yanto TA, Lugito NPH, Hwei LRY, Virliani C, Octavius GS. Prevalence and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in South East Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1,166,275 Respondents. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:361. [PMID: 36355903 PMCID: PMC9696885 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance in guiding public health decisions, studies on COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and its determinants in South East Asia (SEA) are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and the variables influencing the vaccine's acceptance. This review is registered under PROSPERO CRD42022352198. We included studies that reported vaccination acceptance from all SEA countries, utilising five academic databases (Pubmed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar), three Indonesian databases (the Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, Neliti, and Indonesia One Search), two pre-print databases (MedRxiv and BioRxiv), and two Thailand databases (ThaiJo and Thai-Journal Citation Index). The analysis was conducted using STATA 17.0 with metaprop commands. The prevalence for COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in SEA was 71% (95%CI 69-74; I2 99.87%, PI: 68.6-73.5). Myanmar achieved the highest COVID-19 vaccination acceptance prevalence, with 86% (95%CI 84-89), followed by Vietnam with 82% (95% CI 79-85; I2 99.04%) and Malaysia with 78% (95%CI 72-84; I2 99.88%). None of the ten determinants studied (age, sex, education, previous COVID-19 infections, smoking and marriage status, health insurance, living together, chronic diseases, and healthcare workers) were significantly associated with acceptance. This result will be useful in guiding vaccination uptake in SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Audi Yanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
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14
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Benatov J, Arzenšek A. Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the Fear of Coronavirus Vaccination Scale in the Prospective Study among a Representative Sample of Polish, Israeli, Slovenian, and German Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811587. [PMID: 36141859 PMCID: PMC9517357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although concerns about harm and side effects are among the most important factors determining vaccine hesitancy, research on the fear of vaccination is sparse. The purpose of this study is a validation the Fear of Coronavirus Vaccination Scale (FoCVVS), adapted from the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. A representative sample of 1723 young adults aged 20-40 from Poland, Israel, Slovenia, and Germany participated during two time-points of the third COVID-19 pandemic wave. The online survey included demographic variables and several well-being dimensions, including gender, vaccination status, fear of coronavirus (FoCV-19S), physical health (GSRH), life satisfaction (SWLS), and perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed at T1, and confirmatory analysis (CFA) at T2. The second-order two-factor structure demonstrated the best fit and very good discriminant and convergent validation. The general factor of the FoCVVS included two subscales assessing the emotional and physiological symptoms of fear of vaccination. Unvaccinated people showed higher levels of fear of vaccination than those vaccinated. A vaccination status, fear of vaccination T1, and fear of COVID-19 T1 were significant predictors of fear of vaccination T2. Vaccination-promoting programs should be focused on decreasing fear and enhancing the beneficial effects of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia
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15
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Fajar JK, Sallam M, Soegiarto G, Sugiri YJ, Anshory M, Wulandari L, Kosasih SAP, Ilmawan M, Kusnaeni K, Fikri M, Putri F, Hamdi B, Pranatasari ID, Aina L, Maghfiroh L, Ikhriandanti FS, Endiaverni WO, Nugraha KW, Wiranudirja O, Edinov S, Hamdani U, Rosyidah L, Lubaba H, Ariwibowo R, Andistyani R, Fitriani R, Hasanah M, Nafis FAD, Tamara F, Latamu FO, Kusuma HI, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, Garout M, Halwani MA, Alfaresi M, Al Azmi R, Alasiri NA, Alshukairi AN, Dhama K, Harapan H. Global Prevalence and Potential Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081356. [PMID: 36016242 PMCID: PMC9412456 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-79-184-5186
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Yani Jane Sugiri
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Anshory
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Ilmawan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Kusnaeni Kusnaeni
- Faculty of Matematics and Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fikri
- Faculty of Matematics and Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Frilianty Putri
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Baitul Hamdi
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | | | - Lily Aina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Lailatul Maghfiroh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | | | - Wa Ode Endiaverni
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | | | - Ory Wiranudirja
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Sally Edinov
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
| | - Ujang Hamdani
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Lathifatul Rosyidah
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hanny Lubaba
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Rinto Ariwibowo
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Riska Andistyani
- Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Ria Fitriani
- Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Miftahul Hasanah
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | | | - Fredo Tamara
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Olga Latamu
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hendrix Indra Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarrazs 36342, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain 499, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyouf Al Azmi
- Infection Prevention and Control, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Alasiri
- Scientific Advisory Council, InsanCare Group for Scientific Studies and Specialized Business Solutions, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N. Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR–Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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16
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Rogowska AM, Chilicka K, Ochnik D, Paradowska M, Nowicka D, Bojarski D, Tomasiewicz M, Filipowicz Z, Grabarczyk M, Babińska Z. Network Analysis of Well-Being Dimensions in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Samples of University Students from Poland during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081334. [PMID: 36016222 PMCID: PMC9414629 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies investigated the predictors of vaccination intention and decision, little is known about the relationship between vaccination and well-being. This study compares the physical and mental health dimensions among vaccinated and unvaccinated people. In a cross-sectional online survey, 706 university students from Poland (mean age of 23 years, 76% of women) participated in this study during the fourth pandemic wave (November–December 2021). Standardized questionnaires with a Likert response scale were included in the survey to measure spirituality, exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived physical health, stress, coronavirus-related PTSD, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction. Consistent with the fuzzy-trace theory, the unvaccinated sample was younger and scored significantly lower than the vaccinated group in exposure to COVID-19, perceived physical health, stress, coronavirus-related PTSD, fear of COVID-19, and depression, while higher in life satisfaction. The network analysis showed that mental health plays a crucial role in both groups, with the central influence of anxiety and stress on depression and life satisfaction. The message on vaccination to university students should focus on the benefits of vaccination in maintaining the status quo of good health and well-being. Campus prevention programs should primarily aim to reduce anxiety, stress, and negative emotions by teaching students coping strategies, relaxation techniques, and mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Chilicka
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Paradowska
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowicka
- Faculty of Sociology, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Bojarski
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Filipowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Babińska
- Institute of the Middle and the Far East, Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University, 30-063 Krakov, Poland
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