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Lijeskić O, Bauman N, Marković M, Srbljanović J, Bobić B, Zlatković Đ, Štajner T. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response after an mRNA vaccine as the third dose: Homologous versus heterologous boost. Vaccine 2024; 42:1665-1672. [PMID: 38342717 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate immunogenicity and longevity of the humoral immune response within six months after the homologous (BNT162b2/BNT162b2) or heterologous (BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2) third dose, and to assess breakthrough infections among vaccinees during the Omicron wave in Serbia. Serum samples were analyzed at four timepoints: five months after the primary series; three weeks, three months, and six months after the boost. IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were detected using enzyme-linked fluorescence assay. Both homologous (n = 55) and heterologous group (n = 36) showed a highly significant increase in antibody concentrations (p < 0.001) three weeks after the boost. A moderate inverse correlation between the age of recipients and the antibody levels at three weeks post-boost was observed in the homologous group (p = 0.02, r = -0.37), while the same correlation was not significant for heterologous group (p = 0.55, r = -0.15). Heterologous group had significantly higher antibody concentrations than homologous group at three weeks (Median 851.4(IQR 766.6-894.1); 784.3(676.9-847.4); p = 0.03) and three months post-boost (766.6(534.8-798.9); 496.8(361.6-664.0); p < 0.001). However, a significant decline in antibody response over time was noted for both strategies. The overall incidence of breakthrough cases was estimated at 36.36% (20/55) for homologous, and 16.67% (6/36) for heterologous group, but none of them required hospitalization. Although observed incidence in the homologous group was more than double when compared to the heterologous group, this difference was not statistically significant, most likely due to the small sample size. In conclusion, waning immunity after inactivated vaccine can be recovered by BNT162b2 heterologous boost regardless of the age of recipients, and both boost strategies induced potent humoral immune response and protection against severe COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. However, as the observed incidence of breakthrough infections was higher in the homologous group, although non-significant, this finding could indicate an advantage of heterologous approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Lijeskić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Bauman
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Marković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Zlatković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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González S, Olszevicki S, Gaiano A, Salazar M, Regairaz L, Varela Baino AN, Bartel E, Varela T, González Martínez VV, Pesci S, Marín L, Irassar JI, Ceriani L, Garcia E, Kreplak N, Estenssoro E, Marsico F. Protection of homologous and heterologous boosters after primary schemes of rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBIBP-CorV during the omicron outbreak in adults of 50 years and older in Argentina: a test-negative case-control study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 27:100607. [PMID: 37808936 PMCID: PMC10558771 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background After primary vaccination schemes with rAd26-rAd5 (Sputnik V), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BBIBP-CorV or heterologous combinations, the effectiveness of homologous or heterologous boosters (Sputnik V, ChAdOx, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) against SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalisations and deaths has been scarcely studied. Methods Test-negative, case-control study, conducted in Argentina during omicron BA.1 predominance, in adults ≥50 years old tested for SARS-CoV-2 who had received two or three doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Outcomes were COVID-associated infections, hospitalisations and deaths after administering mRNA and vectored boosters, < or ≥60 days from the last dose. Findings Of 422,124 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, 221,993 (52.5%) tested positive; 190,884 (45.2%) and 231,260 (54.8%) had received 2-dose and 3-dose vaccination schemes, respectively. The 3-dose scheme reduced infections, hospitalisations and death (OR 0.81 [0.80-0.83]; 0.28 [0.25-0.32] and 0.25 [0.22-0.28] respectively), but protection dropped after 60 days to 1.04 [1.01-1.06]; 0.52 [0.44-0.61] and 0.38 [0.33-0.45]). Compared with 2-dose-schemes, homologous boosters after primary schemes with vectored-vaccines provided lower protection against infections < and ≥60 days (0.94 [0.92-0.97] and 1.05 [1.01-1.09], respectively) but protected against hospitalisations (0.30 [0.26-0.35]) and deaths (0.29 [0.25-0.33]), decreasing after 60 days (0.59 [0.47-0.74] and 0.51 [0.41-0.64], respectively). Heterologous boosters protected against infections (0.70 [0.68-0.71]) but decreased after 60 days (1.01 [0.98-1.04]) and against hospitalisations and deaths (0.26 [0.22-0.31] and 0.22 [0.18-0.25], respectively), which also decreased after 60 days (0.43 [0.35-0.53] and 0.33 [0.26-0.41], respectively). Heterologous boosters protected against infections when applied <60 days (0.70 [0.68-0.71], p < 0.001), against hospitalisations when applied ≥60 days (0.43 [0.35-0.53], p < 0.01), and against deaths < and ≥60 days (0.22 [0.18-0.25], p < 0.01 and 0.33 [0.26-0.41], p < 0.001). Interpretation During omicron predominance, heterologous boosters such as viral vectored and mRNA vaccines, following Sputnik V, ChAdOx1, Sinopharm or heterologous primary schemes might provide better protection against death; this effect might last longer in individuals aged ≥50 than homologous boosters. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad González
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Olszevicki
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Gaiano
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Salazar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lorena Regairaz
- Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital Sor Maria Ludovica, La Plata, Buenos Aires
| | - Ana Nina Varela Baino
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Bartel
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Varela
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Santiago Pesci
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lupe Marín
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Irassar
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Ceriani
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enio Garcia
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Kreplak
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Estenssoro
- Ministry of Health of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco Marsico
- Faculty of Exacts and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kanizsai A, Zavori L, Molnar T, Tőkés-Füzesi M, Szalai Z, Berecz J, Varnai R, Peterfi Z, Schwarcz A, Csecsei P. Adverse Reactions after Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Have Less Impact on Antibody Response than after Basic Vaccination Scheme. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010182. [PMID: 36680026 PMCID: PMC9864400 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that adverse reactions following SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations show a positive correlation with the subsequent antibody titer. However, it is not clear how the adverse reactions following the booster vaccination are related to the antibody levels that can be measured after a 3rd dose. The primary goal of this study was to investigate whether the adverse reactions following the booster vaccination show a correlation with subsequent antibody levels. METHODS Adverse reactions occurring within 7 days after the 3rd vaccination were recorded and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoglobulin (Ig) level in the venous blood was measured on post-vaccination 14th, 60th and 120th days. RESULTS A total of 218 volunteers were included in the study. MAIN FINDINGS (i) The adverse reactions that appeared after the booster dose did not show a positive correlation with the subsequent antibody level, except a correlation in the case of fever; (ii) there were more symptomatic patients in the group receiving heterologous booster vaccine, (iii) fever after the 2nd dose was independently associated with a reduction in the likelihood of COVID-19 positivity after the booster dose. CONCLUSION No adverse reactions, but fever showed a correlation with the antibody level after the booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kanizsai
- Department of Dentistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Zavori
- Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Margit Tőkés-Füzesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Szigetvár Hospital, 7900 Szigetvár, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72535900
| | - Zoltan Szalai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Szigetvár Hospital, 7900 Szigetvár, Hungary
| | | | - Reka Varnai
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Peterfi
- Department of Infectology, 1st Depertment of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines Six Months after the Second Dose: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010056. [PMID: 36679901 PMCID: PMC9865554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrated good humoral response, but studies directly comparing their immunogenicity in the general population are lacking. We evaluated the medium−term kinetics of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) at one and six months after the second dose of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac. Immunogenicity at six months was directly compared between BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Participants ≥ 20 years old from Novi Sad, Serbia, without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included. Anti S1/S2 IgG antibodies were measured using quantitative LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 assay. A total of 368 participants were included: 231 (62.77%) had sera collected at two time points. Two doses of BNT162b2 were received by 37.50% of participants, followed by BBIBP-CorV (22.01%), Gam-COVID-Vac (21.47%), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (19.02%). Mean Ab levels at the 28th day and 6 months were 216.55 (SD = 105.73) AU/mL and 75.68 (SD = 57.30) for BNT162b2, 194.38 (SD = 140.24) and 90.53 (SD = 111.30) for Gam-COVID-Vac, and 72.74 (SD = 80.04) and 24.43 (SD = 38.43) for BBIBP-CorV group (p < 0.01, between two time points across all three groups), with a significant difference between women and men (p < 0.01, for both sexes). At the sixth month post-vaccination, the highest mean Ab level was detected in Gam-COVID-Vac group (91.28 AU/mL, SD = 95.96), followed by BNT162b2 (85.25 AU/mL, SD = 60.02), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (64.22 AU/mL, SD = 65.30), and BBIBP-CorV (25.26 AU/mL, SD = 36.92) (p < 0.01). Anti-spike IgG persistence was demonstrated six months post-vaccination with a significant decline in Ab levels. These results suggest a lower protection against SARS-CoV-2 over time. Our findings support the introduction of additional (booster) doses.
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Adzic-Vukicevic T, Stosic M, Antonijevic G, Jevtic M, Radovanovic-Spurnic A, Velickovic J. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection in Serbia: Pandemic challenge in a low-burden country. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:971008. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.971008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCOVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) represent global threats to the public health system. The impact of COVID-19 on TB results in a reduction in the number of notified TB cases, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and increased case fatality and mortality rates. The aim of the study was to analyze the TB/COVID-19 co-infected cohort in Serbia as a low-burden country and compare it to the global TB/COVID-19 cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis was done on 53 TB and COVID-19 co-infected patients treated in COVID hospital “Batajnica” in Belgrade and Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases “Ozren” Sokobanja in the period from 6 March 2020 to 1 April 2022. A comparative analysis with the global cohort published recently was also performed.ResultsTB/COVID-19 cohort in Serbia included significantly fewer migrants and diabetes cases, but more cases with chronic respiratory diseases compared to the global. Descriptive analysis of TB cases in the Serbian TB/COVID-19 cohort showed fewer cases diagnosed with sputum smear and Gene Xpert/HAIN, fewer EPTB and mono-resistant cases, and more cases diagnosed with solid culture, unilateral pulmonary infiltrate (with bilateral cavity lesions), and bilateral pulmonary infiltrate (no cavities) compared to TB/COVID-19 cases worldwide. Nasal congestion and fever were more common COVID-19 symptoms in the global cohort. Radiology was more commonly used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in Serbia. Typical bilateral ground opacities were less common among Serbian patients. Serbian patients spent fewer days in the hospital and achieved a higher PCR conversion rate and TB treatment success rate.ConclusionThe Serbian TB/COVID-19 cohort achieved a higher treatment success rate compared to the global cohort. Encouraging vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 for people with a current or past TB disease, as well as rapid diagnosis and targeted treatment of TB in highly specialized pulmonology institutions, presents key points to avoid excessive morbidity and mortality.
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