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Speletas M, Voulgaridi I, Bogogiannidou Z, Sarrou S, Kyritsi MA, Theodoridou A, Dadouli K, Matziri A, Vontas A, Pappa D, Konstantinou AK, Tsigalou C, Kalala F, Mouchtouri VA, Hadjichristodoulou C. Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG Responses and Their Protective Effect against Fatal Disease after Booster COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 38276671 PMCID: PMC10819547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During the post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era, a primary question is whether booster vaccination is effective against severe COVID-19 and should be recommended, particularly to individuals at high risk for severe disease (i.e., the elderly or those with additional severe comorbidities). From December 2020 to February 2023, a cohort study was conducted to estimate IgG and IgA immunogenicity and the dynamics of booster mono- and bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in 260 individuals (male/female: 114/146, median age: 68 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 31) who initially received either mRNA (218) or adenovirus-vector-based vaccines (42). Participants were followed until the 90th day after the third booster dose. Our cohort study indicated a beneficial effect of booster vaccination on the magnitude of IgG and IgA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. We found that second and third booster doses were more protective than one against fatal disease (p = 0.031, OR 0.08). In conclusion, booster COVID-19 vaccination should be strongly recommended, especially to individuals at high risk for severe/fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.); (F.K.)
| | - Ioanna Voulgaridi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Zacharoula Bogogiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Styliani Sarrou
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.); (F.K.)
| | - Maria A. Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Aikaterini Theodoridou
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.); (F.K.)
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Alexia Matziri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Alexandros Vontas
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Dimitra Pappa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | | | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Fani Kalala
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.); (F.K.)
| | - Varvara A. Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (I.V.); (Z.B.); (M.A.K.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (V.A.M.)
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Błaszczuk A, Sikora D, Kiś J, Stępień E, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Humoral Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Prostate Cancer Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040770. [PMID: 37112682 PMCID: PMC10144447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important public health problem. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men. In Poland, the incidence of this type of cancer is constantly growing. Considering the appearance of a new coronavirus in December 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and the fact that oncology patients, including those with prostate cancer, are particularly vulnerable to infection, it is recommended to get vaccinated against COVID-19. In our study, we determined the level and prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 IgG in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group and whether the patients’ ages affected the level of antibodies. PCa patients and controls were divided into two age groups: 50–59 years and 60–70 years. We also analyzed the level of antibodies in patients belonging to the relevant risk groups for prostate cancer (the European Society of Urology risk group classification of prostate cancer). For the study, we used the Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG test to detect antibodies against the three main SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, and S2. Our results showed that prostate cancer patients had significantly lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies compared to controls. In addition, age also affected the decrease in the number of IgG antibodies. The level of antibodies in the intermediate/high-risk group was lower compared to the low-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Błaszczuk
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Sikora
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kiś
- 1st Clinical Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Computer Science and Medical Statistics with the e-Health Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Gattinger P, Ohradanova-Repic A, Valenta R. Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065352. [PMID: 36982424 PMCID: PMC10048970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Ferrara P, Ponticelli D, Losa L, Romeo C, Magliuolo R, Vitale A, Zampella A, Alleanza L, Borrelli M, Schiavone B, Mantovani LG. Risk of Repeated Adverse Effects following Booster Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: Results from the MOSAICO Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020247. [PMID: 36851125 PMCID: PMC9959434 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful deployment of safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been crucial in reducing the global disease burden. Owing to the need for vaccination series over time, continuous observational studies are needed to estimate the COVID-19 vaccine response in real-world conditions. In particular, the detection, assessment, and understanding of adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) with a COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to better address vaccination strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk of repeated AEFI post-administration of a booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a sample of healthcare workers (HCWs) in an Italian teaching hospital. The data on any local and systemic AEFI were studied in multivariate Poisson regression analyses to model the association between the incidence of each postvaccination symptom and its prior reporting after the administration of the previous doses. Overall, compared with the primary vaccination series, the majority of post-third dose AEFI were less reported. The results from multivariable models showed that the likelihood of reporting an AEFI after the third dose was higher in those who experienced the same postvaccination symptom after the second dose (all AEFI except for itch at injection site) and, although not significant for all AEFI, after the first dose. Any associations with age, gender, smoking habits, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and other characteristics, as well as the health impact of AEFI were also assessed. Taken together, the results from this research support reframe AEFI symptoms as signals of a robust postvaccination reaction as well as of common vaccine response, and they add important data to inform booster vaccination strategies in HCWs and, extensively, in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano—IRCCS, 20165 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Lorenzo Losa
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vitale
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Anna Zampella
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano—IRCCS, 20165 Milan, Italy
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Risk of Infection and Duration of Protection after the Booster Dose of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine BNT162b2 among Healthcare Workers in a Large Teaching Hospital in Italy: Results of an Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010025. [PMID: 36679868 PMCID: PMC9863759 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of the first schedule of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has decreased after the surge of the Delta variant, posing the need to administer a booster dose to enhance the neutralising immune response. This study aims at evaluating the duration of protection given by the booster dose of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs) of a large teaching hospital in Rome and to analyse the factors associated with post-booster vaccination infections. Data about vaccinations of HCWs with the BNT162b2 vaccine and nasal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 were extracted from the digital archives of the hospital from 27 September 2021 to 31 May 2022. In total, 5770 HCWs were observed. The cumulative risk of becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 increased with time (2.5% at 4 weeks, 17% at 12 weeks and 40% at 24 weeks) and was significantly higher for females, younger classes of patients and for those who had developed a hybrid immunity (natural infection plus one dose, namely the primary schedule, added to the booster dose) compared to those who had completed the three doses. This study describes the duration and the determinants of the protection against infections after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of vaccine-induced immunogenicity.
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Huang L, Lai FTT, Yan VKC, Cheng FWT, Cheung CL, Chui CSL, Li X, Wan EYF, Wong CKH, Hung IFN, Lau CS, Wong ICK, Chan EWY. Comparing hybrid and regular COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity against the Omicron epidemic. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:162. [PMCID: PMC9753877 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEvidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among people who recovered from a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is warranted to inform vaccination recommendations. Using the territory-wide public healthcare and vaccination records of over 2.5 million individuals in Hong Kong, we examined the potentially differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality between those receiving two homologous doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac versus those with a previous infection receiving only one dose amid the Omicron epidemic. Results show a single dose after a SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a lower risk of infection (BNT162b2: adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.410–0.550; CoronaVac: adjusted IRR = 0.397, 95% CI: 0.309–0.511) and no significant difference was detected in the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality compared with a two-dose vaccination regimen. Findings support clinical recommendations that those with a previous infection could receive a single dose to gain at least similar protection as those who received two doses without a previous infection.
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Busà R, Miele M, Sorrentino MC, Amico G, Timoneri F, Miceli V, Di Bella M, Russelli G, Gallo A, Zito G, Iannolo G, Conaldi PG, Bulati M. Long-Term Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-Based Vaccine on B Cell Compartment: Efficient Recall of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315046. [PMID: 36499373 PMCID: PMC9738945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is a lack of clinical evidence about the impact and long-term durability of the immune response induced by the third dose of mRNA vaccines. In this study, we followed up the B cell compartment behavior in a cohort of immunocompetent individuals three and six months after the third dose of vaccine. During this period, some subjects contracted the virus. In uninfected vaccinated subjects, we did not report any changes in serum spike-specific IgG levels, with a significant reduction in IgA. Instead, subjects recovered from natural infection showed a significant increase in both specific IgG and IgA. Moreover, we showed a time-related decrease in IgG neutralizing potential to all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) in uninfected compared to recovered subjects, who displayed an increased neutralizing ability, particularly against the omicron variant. Finally, we underlined the presence of a pool of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells in both groups that are prone to respond to restimulation, as demonstrated by their ability to differentiate into plasma cells and to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins. These data lead us to assert the long-term effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in contrasting the severe form of the pathology and prevent COVID-19-associated hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Busà
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Monica Miele
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Sorrentino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Timoneri
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Di Bella
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Russelli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.B.)
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