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Litt J, Cunningham AL, Arnalich-Montiel F, Parikh R. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Presentation, Complications, Treatment, and Prevention. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:1439-1459. [PMID: 38834857 PMCID: PMC11219696 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of latent infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in sensory (cranial, dorsal root) ganglia. Major risk factors for HZ are increasing age and immunosuppression. HZ ophthalmicus (HZO) is a subset of HZ with involvement of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial trigeminal nerve. Approximately 4-20% of patients with HZ develop HZO. Approximately 50% of patients with HZO develop ocular disease, among whom up to 25% develop chronic or recurrent disease. Common manifestations of ocular disease include conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis, whereas optic neuropathy and retinitis are uncommon. Due to the potential for vision impairment, ocular involvement requires urgent ophthalmic consultation. Early recognition and timely treatment with antivirals may prevent ocular complications. HZO is preventable by vaccination against HZ. Vaccine efficacy/effectiveness studies have been largely conducted for HZ with few studies assessing HZO. Both the recombinant adjuvanted vaccine (RZV) and live-attenuated vaccine (ZVL) significantly reduce the incidence of HZ and HZO in older adults. RZV is more effective than ZVL. Data on the effectiveness of vaccines for prevention of recurrent disease in patients with HZO are limited; however, vaccination is recommended. Despite recommendations to vaccinate individuals likely to benefit from an HZ vaccine, coverage for adults remains suboptimal. Barriers to vaccination include patient beliefs about HZ or HZ vaccines, and factors related to healthcare providers. In particular, the lack of a recommendation from their primary care physician is often cited by patients as a reason for remaining unvaccinated. By encouraging vaccination against HZ, physicians not only prevent HZ and HZO but also potential vision loss due to HZO.Graphical abstract available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Litt
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francisco Arnalich-Montiel
- Cornea Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Ceu San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, Spain
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2
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Chen M, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Huang Y, Jiang L. Mendelian randomization supports causality between COVID-19 and glaucoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38455. [PMID: 38875430 PMCID: PMC11175937 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine whether there is a causal relationship between Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and glaucoma, a 2-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) design was applied with the main analysis method of inverse-variance-weighted. The reliability of the results was checked using the heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out method. Four sets of instrumental variables (IVs) were used to investigate the causality between COVID-19 and glaucoma risk according to data from the IEU Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). The results showed that 2 sets of COVID-19(RELEASE) were significantly associated with the risk of glaucoma [ID: ebi-a-GCST011071, OR (95% CI) = 1.227 (1.076-1.400), P = .002259; ID: ebi-a-GCST011073: OR (95% CI) = 1.164 (1.022-1.327), P = .022450; 2 sets of COVID-19 hospitalizations were significantly associated with the risk of glaucoma (ID: ebi-a-GCST011081, OR (95% CI) = 1.156 (1.033-1.292), P = .011342; ID: ebi-a-GCST011082: OR (95% CI) = 1.097 (1.007-1.196), P = .034908)]. The sensitivity of the results was acceptable (P > .05) for the 3 test methods. In conclusion, this MR analysis provides preliminary evidence of a potential causal relationship between COVID-19 and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Seo EJ, Jung MS, Lee K, Kim KT, Choi MY. Ischemic and Inflammatory Ocular Adverse Events Following Different Types of Vaccination for COVID-19 and Their Incidence Analysis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 38:203-211. [PMID: 38622066 PMCID: PMC11175981 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ocular adverse event (OAE) and the incidence rate that can occur after the COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS Patients who visited with an ophthalmologic diagnosis within a month of COVID-19 vaccination were retrospectively analyzed. OAEs were categorized as ischemia and inflammation by their presumed pathogenesis and were compared by types of vaccine: messenger RNA (mRNA) and viral vector vaccine. The crude incidence rate was calculated using data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with OAEs after COVID-19 vaccination were reviewed: 10 patients after mRNA and 14 after viral vector vaccine. Retinal vein occlusion (nine patients) and paralytic strabismus (four patients) were the leading diagnoses. Ischemic OAE was likely to occur after viral vector vaccines, while inflammatory OAE was closely related to mRNA vaccine (p = 0.017). The overall incidence rate of OAE was 5.8 cases per million doses: 11.5 per million doses in viral vector vaccine and 3.4 per million doses in mRNA vaccine. CONCLUSIONS OAEs can be observed shortly after the COVID-19 vaccination, and their category was different based on the types of vaccine. The information and incidence of OAE based on the type of vaccine can help monitor patients who were administered the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoi Jong Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Moon Sun Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kibum Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Liang Z, Yang K, Lv K, Ma Y, Hou X, Liang Y, Bao Y, Wu H. Increased incidence of acute primary angle closure during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38030. [PMID: 38701285 PMCID: PMC11062731 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure (APAC) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with APAC in a glaucoma clinic over a 5-year period. We compared the number of APAC cases during the COVID-19 outbreak (December 7, 2022 to January 7, 2023) with those during the same period in previous years and 2 months prior to the outbreak. We also collected data on the demographic and clinical features of APAC patients, such as age, sex, disease course, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and lens opacity. We included 95 eyes of 88 patients with APAC were included. Of these, 65 were female and 23 were male. The mean age was 68.0 ± 8.1 years. The median disease course was 10.8 ± 9.5 days. There was a significant increase in the number of APAC cases during the COVID-19 outbreak compared with the same months over a 5-year period (44 vs 51, P < .001). A higher proportion of women developed APAC during the outbreak period than during the non-outbreak period (P < .001). Eyes with APAC in the outbreak period had a lower mean IOP than those in the preceding 6 months (40.5 ± 8.8 mm Hg vs 46.1 ± 10.1 mm Hg; P = .043). No significant differences were observed in disease duration, lens opacity, or bilateral or unilateral onset between the 2 groups. Our study suggests a potential correlation between APAC and COVID-19, marked by a significant surge in APAC cases concurrent with the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the underlying mechanisms and preventive strategies remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kangyi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xianru Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Zou Y, Kamoi K, Zong Y, Zhang J, Yang M, Ohno-Matsui K. Vaccines and the Eye: Current Understanding of the Molecular and Immunological Effects of Vaccination on the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4755. [PMID: 38731972 PMCID: PMC11084287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a public health cornerstone that protects against numerous infectious diseases. Despite its benefits, immunization implications on ocular health warrant thorough investigation, particularly in the context of vaccine-induced ocular inflammation. This review aimed to elucidate the complex interplay between vaccination and the eye, focusing on the molecular and immunological pathways implicated in vaccine-associated ocular adverse effects. Through an in-depth analysis of recent advancements and the existing literature, we explored various mechanisms of vaccine-induced ocular inflammation, such as direct infection by live attenuated vaccines, immune complex formation, adjuvant-induced autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, hypersensitivity reactions, PEG-induced allergic reactions, Type 1 IFN activation, free extracellular RNA, and specific components. We further examined the specific ocular conditions associated with vaccination, such as uveitis, optic neuritis, and retinitis, and discussed the potential impact of novel vaccines, including those against SARS-CoV-2. This review sheds light on the intricate relationships between vaccination, the immune system, and ocular tissues, offering insights into informed discussions and future research directions aimed at optimizing vaccine safety and ophthalmological care. Our analysis underscores the importance of vigilance and further research to understand and mitigate the ocular side effects of vaccines, thereby ensuring the continued success of vaccination programs, while preserving ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koju Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (K.O.-M.)
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Abu Serhan H, Abu Suilik H, Hassan AK, AlSamhori JF, Hassan AR, Siddiq A, Ahmed N, Elnahry AG. The characteristics of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 Vaccines: a systematic review. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:189. [PMID: 38652153 PMCID: PMC11039548 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review all studies reporting the onset of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Our protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42023426012]. We searched five different databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct up to May 2023. All the studies that reported the occurrence of white dot syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines were included. All statistical tests were conducted with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% error margin. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The methodological quality of included studies was performed using the IHE Quality Appraisal Checklist for Case Series studies and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. RESULTS Fifty studies involving seventy-one subjects were included. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) was the most common disease (n = 25, 35.2% %), followed by acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) (n = 22, 31.0%) and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) (n = 4, 5.6%). They were mostly unilateral (n = 50, 70.4%). The presenting symptoms were blurred vision (n = 26, 36.6%), paracentral scotoma (n = 19, 26.8%), visual field disturbance, and photopsia (n = 7, 9.9%). The mean duration for follow-up was 10.15 ± 14.04 weeks. Nineteen subjects (29.69%) received steroids with improvement reported in 68.4%. Eleven subjects (17.19%) were managed by observation only with reported full recovery and improvement. CONCLUSION White dot syndromes are very rare entities. Our findings highlight a possible association between COVID-19 vaccines and the occurrence of white dot syndromes. However, larger studies with good quality should be implemented to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Abu Serhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporations, Al Sadd, Al Rayyan St., PO: 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Amr K Hassan
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Abdul Rhman Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Nagi Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporations, Al Sadd, Al Rayyan St., PO: 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman G Elnahry
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Musa M, Enaholo E, Aluyi-Osa G, Atuanya GN, Spadea L, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview. World J Virol 2024; 13:89934. [PMID: 38616855 PMCID: PMC11008405 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.89934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
| | - Ehimare Enaholo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Sight Africa, Nkpor 434101, Nigeria
| | - Gladness Aluyi-Osa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
| | | | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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Parikh R, Yousefi M, Curran D, Widenmaier R. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Herpes Zoster: A Narrative Literature Review. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:447-461. [PMID: 38441844 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a broad impact on health services and health outcomes. During the pandemic, there were numerous reports of herpes zoster (HZ) in people with COVID-19 and in COVID-19 vaccine recipients. The aim of this review is to elucidate the global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HZ. It is postulated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces an immunosuppressive state that favours varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. Three large cohort studies (a multinational study and studies from the USA and Spain) that excluded individuals vaccinated against HZ reported significantly increased risk of HZ following COVID-19 infection, especially in people aged ≥ 50 years. In contrast, a large study from Israel that did not consider HZ vaccination status reported no such increase. Cases of HZ following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported and may be the result of attenuated cell-mediated immunity. This phenomenon appears to vary by vaccine type. Some (but not all) large analyses have reported a significant positive relationship between receipt of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and development of HZ. These include analyses of health records databases in Israel and Hong Kong and of spontaneous case reports in the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database. Routine vaccinations, including shingles vaccine programmes, were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is estimated that missed shingles vaccinations may have resulted in 63,117 avoidable HZ cases in the USA. Now that the World Health Organization has declared an end to the COVID-19 pandemic as a health emergency and routine vaccination services have resumed, there is a need to increase awareness of HZ and HZ vaccination.Graphical abstract available for this article.
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Muto T, Machida S, Imaizumi S, Kamoi K. Possible association between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrence of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231213777. [PMID: 38000009 PMCID: PMC10676065 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein describe a patient who developed recurrence of macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) 3 days after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A man in his early 50s visited our hospital because of vision loss in his right eye. His logarithmic best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was -0.79 in both eyes. ME due to superior temporal BRVO was observed in his right eye, and the central foveal thickness (CFT) was 486 µm. The patient was treated with an intravitreal aflibercept injection with logarithmic BCVA of -0.79, leading to resolution of the ME with a CFT of 299 µm. Three months after the initial visit, he received a fourth dose of an mRNA vaccine. Three days later, he developed vision loss in his right eye. Although the logarithmic BCVA was maintained at -0.79, ME recurred with a CFT of 507 µm. The patient was treated with an additional dose of intravitreal aflibercept injection. The ME resolved and the logarithmic BCVA in the right eye was maintained at -0.79. This case indicates a possible association between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrence of ME due to BRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Muto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
- Imaizumi Eye Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Machida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | | | - Koju Kamoi
- Imaizumi Eye Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Hutchinson KA, Peretz D, Darvish M, Talajic J, Choremis J. Rare Case of Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis After COVID-19 Vaccination. Cornea 2023; 42:1306-1308. [PMID: 37399572 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate a rare corneal association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although cases of corneal involvement after vaccination have been reported, we present the first case of Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) linked to the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS This study is a case report. RESULTS A 25-year-old woman was assessed in the ophthalmology clinic for recurrent ocular surface symptoms after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. She was followed in clinic and was found to have a remitting and recurring pattern of bilateral intraepithelial corneal opacities with associated subepithelial haze primarily overlying the pupillary area. These corneal lesions responded well to topical corticosteroid ophthalmic drops. Based on the clinical appearance, the response to treatment, negative herpes simplex virus serology, and the temporal relationship between vaccination and ocular findings, a diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine-induced TSPK was suspected. CONCLUSIONS Although the COVID-19 vaccine remains overwhelmingly safe, clinicians should be aware of possible corneal side effects, including TSPK. Prompt ophthalmic assessment in those presenting with ocular symptoms after vaccination is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ann Hutchinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Peretz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Mahshad Darvish
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Julia Talajic
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanna Choremis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Roncati L, Sweidan E, Tchawa C, Gianotti G, Di Massa G, Siciliano F, Paolini A. SARS-CoV-2 Induced Herpes Virus Reactivations and Related Implications in Oncohematology: When Lymphocytopenia Sets in and Immunosurveillance Drops Out. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2223. [PMID: 37764067 PMCID: PMC10534535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus contagious in humans and responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Sweidan
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Cyrielle Tchawa
- Graduate School of Medical Oncology, Department of Maternal, Infant and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Greta Gianotti
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Massa
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Flavia Siciliano
- Graduate School of Medical Oncology, Department of Maternal, Infant and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Unit of Diagnostic Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Gawron P, Hoksza D, Piñero J, Peña-Chilet M, Esteban-Medina M, Fernandez-Rueda JL, Colonna V, Smula E, Heirendt L, Ancien F, Groues V, Satagopam VP, Schneider R, Dopazo J, Furlong LI, Ostaszewski M. Visualization of automatically combined disease maps and pathway diagrams for rare diseases. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1101505. [PMID: 37502697 PMCID: PMC10369067 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Investigation of molecular mechanisms of human disorders, especially rare diseases, require exploration of various knowledge repositories for building precise hypotheses and complex data interpretation. Recently, increasingly more resources offer diagrammatic representation of such mechanisms, including disease-dedicated schematics in pathway databases and disease maps. However, collection of knowledge across them is challenging, especially for research projects with limited manpower. Methods: In this article we present an automated workflow for construction of maps of molecular mechanisms for rare diseases. The workflow requires a standardized definition of a disease using Orphanet or HPO identifiers to collect relevant genes and variants, and to assemble a functional, visual repository of related mechanisms, including data overlays. The diagrams composing the final map are unified to a common systems biology format from CellDesigner SBML, GPML and SBML+layout+render. The constructed resource contains disease-relevant genes and variants as data overlays for immediate visual exploration, including embedded genetic variant browser and protein structure viewer. Results: We demonstrate the functionality of our workflow on two examples of rare diseases: Kawasaki disease and retinitis pigmentosa. Two maps are constructed based on their corresponding identifiers. Moreover, for the retinitis pigmentosa use-case, we include a list of differentially expressed genes to demonstrate how to tailor the workflow using omics datasets. Discussion: In summary, our work allows for an ad-hoc construction of molecular diagrams combined from different sources, preserving their layout and graphical style, but integrating them into a single resource. This allows to reduce time consuming tasks of prototyping of a molecular disease map, enabling visual exploration, hypothesis building, data visualization and further refinement. The code of the workflow is open and accessible at https://gitlab.lcsb.uni.lu/minerva/automap/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - David Hoksza
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- MedBioinformatics Solutions SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Computational Medicine Platform, Fundacion Progreso y Salud, Sevilla, Spain
- Spanish Network of Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Rome
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ewa Smula
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Heirendt
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - François Ancien
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Valentin Groues
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Venkata P. Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Computational Medicine Platform, Fundacion Progreso y Salud, Sevilla, Spain
- Spanish Network of Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura I. Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- MedBioinformatics Solutions SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Singh RB, Parmar UPS, Gupta R, Garcia AJV, Cho W, Singh KP, Agarwal A. Retinal vascular occlusion following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A VAERS database analysis. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 4:100354. [PMID: 37362418 PMCID: PMC10281033 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the cases of retinal vessel occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination and evaluate the onset interval and clinical presentations in patients diagnosed with vaccine associated retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Design Retrospective study of the cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) between December 11, 2020 and July 1, 2022. Participants Patients diagnosed with retinal vessel occlusion following vaccination with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S globally. Methods We performed a descriptive analysis of the patient demographics and clinical presentation in patients with retinal vessel occlusion. The correlation between the vaccines and continuous and categorical variables were assessed. We performed the post-hoc analysis to evaluated the association between RAO and RVO onset post-vaccination, and vaccine and dosage. Finally, a 30-day reverse analysis for RAO and RVO onset following administration of vaccine. A major limitation in the methods of this study is the lack of control group for assessing the risk of retinal vessel occlusive disease in patients who received the vaccine compared to the patients who were unvaccinated. Main Outcome Measures The crude reporting rate of retinal vessel occlusion following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The ocular and systemic presentations, onset duration and short term risk of RAO and RVO following vaccination. Results During the study period, 1351 retinal vessel occlusion cases were reported globally. The crude reporting rates of retinal vessel occlusion for BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S were 0.36, 0.41, and 0.69, respectively. The majority of the retinal vessel occlusion cases were reported following BNT162b2 (n=606, 74.17%). The mean age of patients with RVO and RAO was 58.54 ± 16.06 years and 64.63 ± 16.16 years, respectively. In the cohort, 817 and 433 patients were diagnosed with RVO and RAO, respectively. Most cases of RVO (41.12%) and RAO (48.27%) were reported within the first week post-vaccination. We observed that the mean onset interval for RVO was significantly longer in patients who received Ad26.Cov2.S (54.07 ± 88.98 days) compared to BNT162b2 (18.07 ± 28.66 days) and mRNA-1273 (22.85 ± 38.13 days) vaccines (p<0.0001). This was further confirmed by post-hoc analysis, which revealed a significantly longer onset duration for the Ad26.Cov2.S compared to BNT162b2 and mRNA 1273 vaccines (p<0.0001). The reverse Kaplan Meier 30-day risk analysis showed a significant a higher risk of RVO onset following BNT162b2 compared to other vaccines(p<0.0001). Conclusions The low crude reporting rate highlights a low safety concern for retinal vessel occlusion following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study provides insights into possible temporal association between reported retinal vessel occlusion events with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, however further insights are needed to understand the underlying immunopathological mechanisms that promote thrombosis of retinal vasculature on vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Rudraksh Gupta
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Antonio Jacobo Vega Garcia
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wonkyung Cho
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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