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Yennurajalingam S, Thomas L, Stanton PA, Lu Z, de Moraes AR, Bruera E. Cancer-related fatigue among patients with advanced cancer receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:459. [PMID: 38918253 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with severity of cancer related fatigue (CRF) as assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), prior to, and during 12 weeks of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We also explored the effects of ICIs on fatigue dimensions and interference with daily activities (Multidimensional Functional Symptom Inventory, MFSI-SF, Patient-Related Outcome Symptom Measurement Information System Short form Fatigue 7a, PROMIS F-SF), QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, FACT-G), and cancer symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, ESAS). METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal observational study, patients with a diagnosis of advanced cancer receiving ICIs were evaluated. Patient demographics, FACT-G, FACIT-F, MFSI-SF, PROMIS F-SF, and ESAS were collected prior to, and during 12 weeks of ICIs. RESULTS A total of 160 of the 212 enrolled patients were analyzed. The median age was 61 years, 60% were female, most common cancer was melanoma (73%), and most common ICI was nivolumab 46%. The frequency of clinically significant fatigue (defined as ≤ 34/52 on FACIT-F score) was 25.6% at baseline, 25.7% at week 8, and 19.5% at week 12. There was significant improvement in FACIT-F (P = 0.016), FACT-G physical well-being (P = 0.041), FACT-G emotional well-being (P = 0.011), ESAS anxiety (P = 0.045), and ESAS psychological distress (P = 0.03) scores from baseline to week 12 of ICIs. Multivariate analysis found significant association between clinically significant CRF and PROMIS F-SF (P < 0.001) and MFSI-SF global scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CRF is frequent prior to the initiation of ICI treatment. Over 12 weeks of ICI treatment, CRF significantly improved. FACT-G physical well-being, FACT-G emotional well-being, ESAS anxiety, and ESAS psychological distress scores improved overtime. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Yennurajalingam
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lisa Thomas
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Penny A Stanton
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhanni Lu
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aline Rozman de Moraes
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Trivedi S, Tilsed C, Liousia M, Brody RM, Rajasekaran K, Singhal S, Albelda SM, Klampatsa A. Transcriptomic analysis-guided assessment of precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) as an ex-vivo tool in cancer research. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11006. [PMID: 38744944 PMCID: PMC11094020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With cancer immunotherapy and precision medicine dynamically evolving, there is greater need for pre-clinical models that can better replicate the intact tumor and its complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) have recently emerged as an ex vivo human tumor model, offering the opportunity to study individual patient responses to targeted therapies, including immunotherapies. However, little is known about the physiologic status of PCTS and how culture conditions alter gene expression. In this study, we generated PCTS from head and neck cancers (HNC) and mesothelioma tumors (Meso) and undertook transcriptomic analyses to understand the changes that occur in the timeframe between PCTS generation and up to 72 h (hrs) in culture. Our findings showed major changes occurring during the first 24 h culture period of PCTS, involving genes related to wound healing, extracellular matrix, hypoxia, and IFNγ-dependent pathways in both tumor types, as well as tumor-specific changes. Collectively, our data provides an insight into PCTS physiology, which should be taken into consideration when designing PCTS studies, especially in the context of immunology and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Trivedi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin Tilsed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Brody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Astero Klampatsa
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Al-Ibraheem A, Abdlkadir AS, Lopci E, Allouzi S, Paez D, Alkuwari M, Makoseh M, Novruzov F, Usmani S, Al-Rabi K, Mansour A. FDG-PET in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR T-Cell) Therapy Toxicity: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1728. [PMID: 38730680 PMCID: PMC11083368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to target cluster of differentiation (CD)19 in cancer immunotherapy has been a recent and significant advancement. Although this approach is highly specific and selective, it is not without complications. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to assess the current state of positron emission tomography (PET) in evaluating the adverse effects induced by CAR T-cell therapy. A thorough search of relevant articles was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up until March 2024. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data, which was then organized and categorized using Microsoft Excel. The risk of bias and methodological quality was assessed. In total, 18 articles were examined, involving a total of 753 patients, in this study. A wide range of utilities were analyzed, including predictive, correlative, and diagnostic utilities. While positive outcomes were observed in all the mentioned areas, quantitative analysis of the included studies was hindered by their heterogeneity and use of varying PET-derived parameters. This study offers a pioneering exploration of this promising field, with the goal of encouraging further and more focused research in upcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha, Amman 11941, Jordan; (A.S.A.); (S.A.)
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha, Amman 11941, Jordan; (A.S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Sudqi Allouzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha, Amman 11941, Jordan; (A.S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Diana Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1220 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maryam Alkuwari
- Clinical Imaging Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 7GPR+3M9, Qatar;
| | - Mohammad Makoseh
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman 11941, Jordan; (M.M.); (K.A.-R.)
| | - Fuad Novruzov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The National Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku AZ1012, Azerbaijan;
| | - Sharjeel Usmani
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat 5661, Oman;
| | - Kamal Al-Rabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman 11941, Jordan; (M.M.); (K.A.-R.)
| | - Asem Mansour
- Department of Radiology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha, Amman 11941, Jordan;
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Yang J, Shay C, Saba NF, Teng Y. Cancer metabolism and carcinogenesis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38287402 PMCID: PMC10826200 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer cells, enabling them to meet increased nutrient and energy demands while withstanding the challenging microenvironment. Cancer cells can switch their metabolic pathways, allowing them to adapt to different microenvironments and therapeutic interventions. This refers to metabolic heterogeneity, in which different cell populations use different metabolic pathways to sustain their survival and proliferation and impact their response to conventional cancer therapies. Thus, targeting cancer metabolic heterogeneity represents an innovative therapeutic avenue with the potential to overcome treatment resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the metabolic patterns of different cancer cell populations and developmental stages, summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in the intricate interactions within cancer metabolism, and highlights the clinical potential of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities as a promising therapeutic regimen. We aim to unravel the complex of metabolic characteristics and develop personalized treatment approaches to address distinct metabolic traits, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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5
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Gupta S, Nagtode N, Chandra V, Gomase K. From Diagnosis to Treatment: Exploring the Latest Management Trends in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cureus 2023; 15:e50291. [PMID: 38205499 PMCID: PMC10776490 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stands as a precancerous condition with the potential to progress to invasive cervical cancer. This comprehensive review explores the intricacies of CIN management, beginning with its definition, classification, and etiology. It emphasizes the significance of early detection and outlines the latest trends in diagnosis, including Pap smears, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and colposcopy. Grading and staging, pivotal in treatment selection, are elucidated. Current management approaches, encompassing watchful waiting, surgical interventions, emerging minimally invasive techniques, and immunotherapy, are detailed. The factors influencing treatment decisions, informed consent, and patient education are discussed. Potential complications following treatment, the importance of long-term follow-up, and the role of HPV vaccination in prevention are underscored. Finally, the review looks to the future, discussing advances in detection, novel treatments, and the promise of precision medicine. In conclusion, early detection and management remain the cornerstone of CIN care, offering hope for a future where cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Gupta
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nikhilesh Nagtode
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vaibhav Chandra
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kavita Gomase
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Correa-Lara MVM, Lara-Vega I, Nájera-Martínez M, Domínguez-López ML, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vega-López A. Tumor-Infiltrating iNKT Cells Activated through c-Kit/Sca-1 Are Induced by Pentoxifylline, Norcantharidin, and Their Mixtures for Killing Murine Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1472. [PMID: 37895943 PMCID: PMC10610189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of NK and other cytotoxic cells is considered the first defense line against cancer. However, a significant lack of information prevails on the possible roles played by factors considered characteristic of primitive cells, such as c-kit and Sca-1, in activating these cells, particularly in melanoma models subjected to treatments with substances under investigation, such as the case of norcantharidin. In this study, B16F1 murine melanoma cells were used to induce tumors in DBA/2 mice, estimating the proportions of NK and iNKT cells; the presence of activation (CD107a+) and primitive/activation (c-kit+/Lya6A+) markers and some tumor parameters, such as the presence of mitotic bodies, nuclear factor area, NK and iNKT cell infiltration in the tumor, infiltrated tumor area, and infiltrating lymphocyte count at 10x and 40x in specimens treated with pentoxifylline, norcantharidin, and the combination of both drugs. Possible correlations were estimated with Pearson's correlation analysis. It should be noted that, despite having demonstrated multiple correlations, immaturity/activation markers were related to these cells' activation. At the tumor site, iNKT cells are the ones that exert the cytotoxic potential on tumor cells, but they are confined to specific sites in the tumor. Due to the higher number of interactions of natural killer cells with tumor cells, it is concluded that the most effective treatment was PTX at 60 mg/kg + NCTD at 0.75 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano V. M. Correa-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Israel Lara-Vega
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Hemopatología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
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7
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Falcone N, Ermis M, Tamay DG, Mecwan M, Monirizad M, Mathes TG, Jucaud V, Choroomi A, de Barros NR, Zhu Y, Vrana NE, Kraatz HB, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Peptide Hydrogels as Immunomaterials and Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301096. [PMID: 37256647 PMCID: PMC10615713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogel biomaterials have emerged as an excellent strategy for immune system modulation. Peptide-based hydrogels are supramolecular materials that self-assemble into various nanostructures through various interactive forces (i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions) and respond to microenvironmental stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature). While they have been reported in numerous biomedical applications, they have recently been deemed promising candidates to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies and treatments. Immunotherapies seek to harness the body's immune system to preemptively protect against and treat various diseases, such as cancer. However, their low efficacy rates result in limited patient responses to treatment. Here, the immunomaterial's potential to improve these efficacy rates by either functioning as immune stimulators through direct immune system interactions and/or delivering a range of immune agents is highlighted. The chemical and physical properties of these peptide-based materials that lead to immuno modulation and how one may design a system to achieve desired immune responses in a controllable manner are discussed. Works in the literature that reports peptide hydrogels as adjuvant systems and for the delivery of immunotherapies are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and possible developments based on peptide hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilara Goksu Tamay
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Mahsa Monirizad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Tess Grett Mathes
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- SPARTHA Medical, CRBS 1 Rue Eugene Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
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Śledź M, Wojciechowska A, Zagożdżon R, Kaleta B. In Situ Programming of CAR-T Cells: A Pressing Need in Modern Immunotherapy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:18. [PMID: 37419996 PMCID: PMC10329070 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell-based therapy has become a successful option for treatment of numerous hematological malignancies, but also raises hope in a range of non-malignant diseases. However, in a traditional approach, generation of CAR-T cells is associated with the separation of patient's lymphocytes, their in vitro modification, and expansion and infusion back into patient's bloodstream. This classical protocol is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. Those problems could be solved by successful protocols to produce CAR-T cells, but also CAR-natural killer cells or CAR macrophages, in situ, using viral platforms or non-viral delivery systems. Moreover, it was demonstrated that in situ CAR-T induction may be associated with reduced risk of the most common toxicities associated with CAR-T therapy, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and "on-target, off-tumor" toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art and future perspectives for the in situ-produced CAR-T cells. Indeed, preclinical work in this area, including animal studies, raises hope for prospective translational development and validation in practical medicine of strategies for in situ generation of CAR-bearing immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Śledź
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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10
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Look A, Burns D, Tews I, Roghanian A, Mansour S. Towards a better understanding of human iNKT cell subpopulations for improved clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176724. [PMID: 37153585 PMCID: PMC10154573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T lymphocyte population expressing semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognise lipid antigens presented by CD1d. iNKT cells exhibit potent anti-tumour activity through direct killing mechanisms and indirectly through triggering the activation of other anti-tumour immune cells. Because of their ability to induce potent anti-tumour responses, particularly when activated by the strong iNKT agonist αGalCer, they have been the subject of intense research to harness iNKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for cancer treatment. However, despite potent anti-tumour efficacy in pre-clinical models, the translation of iNKT cell immunotherapy into human cancer patients has been less successful. This review provides an overview of iNKT cell biology and why they are of interest within the context of cancer immunology. We focus on the iNKT anti-tumour response, the seminal studies that first reported iNKT cytotoxicity, their anti-tumour mechanisms, and the various described subsets within the iNKT cell repertoire. Finally, we discuss several barriers to the successful utilisation of iNKT cells in human cancer immunotherapy, what is required for a better understanding of human iNKT cells, and the future perspectives facilitating their exploitation for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Look
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Burns
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Tews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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