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Chettri D, Chirania M, Boro D, Verma AK. Glycoconjugates: Advances in modern medicines and human health. Life Sci 2024; 348:122689. [PMID: 38710281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Glycans and their glycoconjugates are complex biomolecules that are crucial for various biological processes. Glycoconjugates are found in all domains of life. They are covalently linked to key biomolecules such as proteins and lipids to play a pivotal role in cell signaling, adhesion, and recognition. The diversity of glycan structures and the associated complexity of glycoconjugates is the reason for their role in intricate biosynthetic pathways. Glycoconjugates play an important role in various diseases where they are actively involved in the immune response as well as in the pathogenicity of infectious diseases. In addition, various autoimmune diseases have been linked to glycosylation defects of different biomolecules, making them an important molecule in the field of medicine. The glycoconjugates have been explored for the development of therapeutics and vaccines, representing a breakthrough in medical science. They also hold significance in research studies to understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes. Finally, glycoconjugates have found an emerging role in various industrial and environmental applications which have been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Manisha Chirania
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Deepjyoti Boro
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India.
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2
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Duan H, Huang W, Lv Q, Liu P, Li Q, Kong D, Sun X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Chen S. Using Surface Immunogenic Protein as a Carrier Protein to Elicit Protective Antibody to Multiple Serotypes for Candidate Group B Streptococcal Glycan Conjugate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:573. [PMID: 38932301 PMCID: PMC11209137 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen, particularly in pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Currently, maternal vaccination is considered the most viable long-term option for preventing GBS mother-to-infant infection, and two polysaccharide conjugate vaccines utilizing CRM197 as a carrier protein have undergone clinical phase II trials. Surface immunogenic protein (Sip), present in all identified serotypes of GBS strains so far, is a protective surface protein of GBS. In this study, the type Ia capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of GBS was utilized as a model to develop candidate antigens for a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine by coupling it with the Sip of GBS and the traditional carrier protein CRM197. Serum analysis from immunized New Zealand rabbits and CD1 mice revealed that there was no significant difference in antibody titers between the Ia-Sip group and Ia-CRM197 group; however, both were significantly higher than those observed in the Ia polysaccharide group. Opsonophagocytosis and passive immune protection results using rabbit serum indicated no significant difference between the Ia-Sip and Ia-CRM197 groups, both outperforming the Ia polysaccharide group. Furthermore, serum from the Ia-Sip group had a cross-protective effect on multiple types of GBS strains. The challenge test results in CD1 mice demonstrated that the Ia-Sip group provided complete protection against lethal doses of bacteria and also showed cross-protection against type III strain. Our study demonstrates for the first time that Ia-Sip is immunogenic and provides serotype-independent protection in glycan conjugate vaccines, which also indicates Sip may serve as an excellent carrier protein for GBS glycan conjugate vaccines and provide cross-protection against multiple GBS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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3
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Jamshidi M, Cairns C, Huan Khieu N, Chan K, St. Michael F, Cox A, Sauvageau J. Optimization of the Synthesis and Conjugation of the Methyl Rhamnan Tip of Pseudomonas aeruginosa A-Band Polysaccharide and Immunogenicity Evaluation for the Continued Development of a Potential Glycoconjugate Vaccine. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1361-1369. [PMID: 38447154 PMCID: PMC11019553 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an antimicrobial-resistant bacterium that has no vaccine approved for human use. Additionally, it has been identified by the World Health Organization as a priority pathogen for novel vaccines and therapeutic development. We previously developed a synthetic mimic of the A-band polysaccharide tip that showed promise in terms of immunogenicity for use as a glycoconjugate vaccine. In this current manuscript, we improve upon the previous work to continue the development of this glycoconjugate vaccine. Herein, we report a higher-yielding synthesis of mimics containing a handle and a spacer that improved conjugation efficiency, resulting in better carbohydrate-to-protein ratios and also good immunogenicity of these conjugates in mice and rabbits. The data suggested that perhaps only a tetrasaccharide was required to induce an immune response capable of recognizing whole cells of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
P. Jamshidi
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chantelle Cairns
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Nam Huan Khieu
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kenneth Chan
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Frank St. Michael
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew Cox
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Vaccine and Emerging Infections
Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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4
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Hager-Mair FF, Bloch S, Schäffer C. Glycolanguage of the oral microbiota. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38515284 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure-encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides-is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities. Thus, understanding oral bacterias' glycoinfrastructure and encoded glycolanguage is key to elucidating their pathogenicity mechanisms and developing targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention. Driven by their known immunological role, most research in oral glycobiology has been directed onto LPSs, whereas, recently, glycoproteins have been gaining increased interest. This review draws a multifaceted picture of the glycolanguage, with a focus on glycoproteins, manifested in prominent oral bacteria, such as streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We first define the characteristics of the different glycoconjugate classes and then summarize the current status of knowledge of the structural diversity of glycoconjugates produced by oral bacteria, describe governing biosynthetic pathways, and list biological roles of these energetically costly compounds. Additionally, we highlight emerging research on the unraveling impact of oral glycoinfrastructure on dental caries, periodontitis, and systemic conditions. By integrating current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps, this review underscores the importance of studying the glycolanguage oral bacteria speak to advance our understanding of oral microbiology and develop novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Hager-Mair
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Ye TJ, Fung KM, Lee IM, Ko TP, Lin CY, Wong CL, Tu IF, Huang TY, Yang FL, Chang YP, Wang JT, Lin TL, Huang KF, Wu SH. Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 capsular polysaccharide degradation by a bacteriophage depolymerase does not require trimer formation. mBio 2024; 15:e0351923. [PMID: 38349137 PMCID: PMC10936425 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03519-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
K2-capsular Klebsiella pneumoniae is a hypervirulent pathogen that causes fatal infections. Here, we describe a phage tailspike protein, named K2-2, that specifically depolymerizes the K2 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of K. pneumoniae into tetrasaccharide repeating units. Nearly half of the products contained O-acetylation, which was thought crucial to the immunogenicity of CPS. The product-bound structures of this trimeric enzyme revealed intersubunit carbohydrate-binding grooves, each accommodating three tetrasaccharide units of K2 CPS. The catalytic residues and the key interactions responsible for K2 CPS recognition were identified and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. Further biophysical and functional characterization, along with the structure of a tetrameric form of K2-2, demonstrated that the formation of intersubunit catalytic center does not require trimerization, which could be nearly completely disrupted by a single-residue mutation in the C-terminal domain. Our findings regarding the assembly and catalysis of K2-2 provide cues for the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection. IMPORTANCE Generating fragments of capsular polysaccharides from pathogenic bacteria with crucial antigenic determinants for vaccine development continues to pose challenges. The significance of the C-terminal region of phage tailspike protein (TSP) in relation to its folding and trimer formation remains largely unexplored. The polysaccharide depolymerase described here demonstrates the ability to depolymerize the K2 CPS of K. pneumoniae into tetrasaccharide fragments while retaining the vital O-acetylation modification crucial for immunogenicity. By carefully characterizing the enzyme, elucidating its three-dimensional structures, conducting site-directed mutagenesis, and assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of the mutant enzymes against K2 K. pneumoniae, we offer valuable insights into the mechanism by which this enzyme recognizes and depolymerizes the K2 CPS. Our findings, particularly the discovery that trimer formation is not required for depolymerizing activity, challenge the current understanding of trimer-dependent TSP activity and highlight the catalytic mechanism of the TSP with an intersubunit catalytic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Juan Ye
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wong
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tufail A, Akkad S, Hatton NE, Yates NDJ, Spears RJ, Keenan T, Parkin A, Signoret N, Fascione MA. Cross aldol OPAL bioconjugation outcompetes intramolecular hemiaminal cyclisation of proline adjacent N-terminal α-oxo aldehydes at acidic pH. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3723-3729. [PMID: 38268544 PMCID: PMC10806391 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel methods to construct small molecule-protein bioconjugates are integral to the development of new biomedicines for a variety of diseases. C-C linked bioconjugates are increasingly desirable in this application due to their in vivo stability and can be accessed through cross aldol bioconjugation of reactive α-oxo aldehyde handles easily introduced at the N-terminus of proteins by periodate oxidation. We previously developed an organocatalyst-mediated protein aldol ligation (OPAL) for chemical modification of these reactive aldehydes, but the efficiency of this method was limited when a proline residue was directly adjacent to the N-terminus due to intramolecular hemiaminal formation. Herein we explore the competition between this cyclisation and the OPAL modification and demonstrate bioconjugation can be favoured through use of acidic pH for both oxidation and OPAL, and optimisation of reaction conditions and organocatalyst. We then showcase the utility of this acidic-OPAL in modification of the cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB), a homo-pentameric protein of biomedical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzaal Tufail
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Saeed Akkad
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Natasha E Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Richard J Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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7
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Wang G, Ho CC, Zhou Z, Hao YJ, Lv J, Jin J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Site-Selective C-O Bond Editing of Unprotected Saccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:824-832. [PMID: 38123470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and its polyhydroxy saccharide analogs are complex molecules that serve as essential structural components in biomacromolecules, natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Within the expansive realm of saccharides, a significant area of research revolves around chemically transforming naturally abundant saccharide units to intricate or uncommon molecules such as oligosaccharides or rare sugars. However, partly due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups with similar reactivities and the structural complexities arising from stereochemistry, the transformation of unprotected sugars to the desired target molecules remains challenging. One such formidable challenge lies in the efficient and selective activation and modification of the C-O bonds in saccharides. In this study, we disclose a modular 2-fold "tagging-editing" strategy that allows for direct and selective editing of C-O bonds of saccharides, enabling rapid preparation of valuable molecules such as rare sugars and drug derivatives. The first step, referred to as "tagging", involves catalytic site-selective installation of a photoredox active carboxylic ester group to a specific hydroxyl unit of an unprotected sugar. The second step, namely, "editing", features a C-O bond cleavage to form a carbon radical intermediate that undergoes further transformations such as C-H and C-C bond formations. Our strategy constitutes the most effective and shortest route in direct transformation and modification of medicines and other molecules bearing unprotected sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chang Chin Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhixu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong-Jia Hao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jie Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiamiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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8
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Chippaux JP. Gaston Ramon's Big Four. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:33. [PMID: 38251249 PMCID: PMC10819242 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
When immunology was still in its infancy, Gaston Ramon made several major contributions to humoral immunology [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
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9
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Oldrini D, Di Benedetto R, Carducci M, De Simone D, Massai L, Alfini R, Galli B, Brunelli B, Przedpelski A, Barbieri JT, Rossi O, Giannelli C, Rappuoli R, Berti F, Micoli F. Testing a Recombinant Form of Tetanus Toxoid as a Carrier Protein for Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1770. [PMID: 38140177 PMCID: PMC10747096 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines play a major role in the prevention of infectious diseases worldwide, with significant impact on global health, enabling the polysaccharides to induce immunogenicity in infants and immunological memory. Tetanus toxoid (TT), a chemically detoxified bacterial toxin, is among the few carrier proteins used in licensed glycoconjugate vaccines. The recombinant full-length 8MTT was engineered in E. coli with eight individual amino acid mutations to inactivate three toxin functions. Previous studies in mice showed that 8MTT elicits a strong IgG response, confers protection, and can be used as a carrier protein. Here, we compared 8MTT to traditional carrier proteins TT and cross-reactive material 197 (CRM197), using different polysaccharides as models: Group A Streptococcus cell-wall carbohydrate (GAC), Salmonella Typhi Vi, and Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W, and Y. The persistency of the antibodies induced, the ability of the glycoconjugates to elicit booster response after re-injection at a later time point, the eventual carrier-induced epitopic suppression, and immune interference in multicomponent formulations were also evaluated. Overall, immunogenicity responses obtained with 8MTT glycoconjugates were compared to those obtained with corresponding TT and, in some cases, were higher than those induced by CRM197 glycoconjugates. Our results support the use of 8MTT as a good alternative carrier protein for glycoconjugate vaccines, with advantages in terms of manufacturability compared to TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Oldrini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Di Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniele De Simone
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Luisa Massai
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Renzo Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Barbara Galli
- GSK, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (B.G.); (B.B.); (F.B.)
| | | | - Amanda Przedpelski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.P.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Joseph T. Barbieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.P.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Giannelli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Fondazione Biotecnopolo, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (B.G.); (B.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.O.); (R.D.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.S.); (L.M.); (R.A.); (O.R.); (C.G.)
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10
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Miao C, Cui Y, Yan Z, Jiang Y. Pilus of Streptococcus pneumoniae: structure, function and vaccine potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1270848. [PMID: 37799336 PMCID: PMC10548224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pilus is an extracellular structural part that can be detected in some Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates (type I pili are found in approximately 30% of strains, while type II pili are found in approximately 20%). It is anchored to the cell wall by LPXTG-like motifs on the peptidoglycan. Two kinds of pili have been discovered, namely, pilus-1 and pilus-2. The former is encoded by pilus islet 1 (PI-1) and is a polymer formed by the protein subunits RrgA, RrgB and RrgC. The latter is encoded by pilus islet 2 (PI-2) and is a polymer composed mainly of the structural protein PitB. Although pili are not necessary for the survival of S. pneumoniae, they serve as the structural basis and as virulence factors that mediate the adhesion of bacteria to host cells and play a direct role in promoting the adhesion, colonization and pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae. In addition, as candidate antigens for protein vaccines, pili have promising potential for use in vaccines with combined immunization strategies. Given the current understanding of the pili of S. pneumoniae regarding the genes, proteins, structure, biological function and epidemiological relationship with serotypes, combined with the immunoprotective efficacy of pilins as protein candidates for vaccines, we here systematically describe the research status and prospects of S. pneumoniae pili and provide new ideas for subsequent vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meishan Women and Children’s Hospital, Alliance Hospital of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Meishan, Sichuan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital (Tianfu), Sichuan University/Sichuan Provincial Children’s Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Khodak YA. Heterologous Expression of Recombinant Proteins and Their Derivatives Used as Carriers for Conjugate Vaccines. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1248-1266. [PMID: 37770392 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carrier proteins that provide an effective and long-term immune response to weak antigens has become a real breakthrough in the disease prevention, making it available to a wider range of patients and making it possible to obtain reliable vaccines against a variety of pathogens. Currently, research is continuing both to identify new peptides, proteins, and their complexes potentially suitable for use as carriers, and to develop new methods for isolation, purification, and conjugation of already known and well-established proteins. The use of recombinant proteins has a number of advantages over isolation from natural sources, such as simpler cultivation of the host organism, the possibility of modifying genetic constructs, use of numerous promoter variants, signal sequences, and other regulatory elements. This review is devoted to the methods of obtaining both traditional and new recombinant proteins and their derivatives already being used or potentially suitable for use as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A Khodak
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
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Sorieul C, Dolce M, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Glycoconjugate vaccines against antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1055-1078. [PMID: 37902243 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the death of millions worldwide and stands as a major threat to our healthcare systems, which are heavily reliant on antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. The development of vaccines against the main pathogens involved is urgently required as prevention remains essential against the rise of AMR. AREAS COVERED A systematic research review was conducted on MEDLINE database focusing on the six AMR pathogens defined as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), which are considered critical or high priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The analysis was intersecated with the terms carbohydrate, glycoconjugate, bioconjugate, glyconanoparticle, and multiple presenting antigen system vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Glycoconjugate vaccines have been successful in preventing meningitis and pneumoniae, and there are high expectations that they will play a key role in fighting AMR. We herein discuss the recent technological, preclinical, and clinical advances, as well as the challenges associated with the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines against leading AMR bacteria, with focus on the ESKAPE pathogens. The need of innovative clinical and regulatory approaches to tackle these targets is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sorieul
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Dolce
- GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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