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Alba-Cano T, Fernández-Cruz E, Alonso R, Muñoz-Gómez S, Pérez de Diego R, García Martínez E, Sánchez-Mateos P, Navarro Caspistegui J, Martín López M, Gil-Herrera J. Lack of Specific Immune Response after Five Doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a Patient with CD4 + T-Cell Lymphopenia but Preserved Responses to CMV. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:386. [PMID: 38675768 PMCID: PMC11054516 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is highly heterogeneous in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). This case report analyzes the immune response to mRNA COVID-19 two-dose primary vaccination followed by three boosters in an IEI patient with marked CD4+ T-cell cytopenia and diminished thymic output, in comparison with that raised against latent, chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Serum IgG antibodies anti-spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and anti-CMV were both determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIAs). SARS-CoV-2 and CMV memory CD4+ T-cell responses were simultaneously evaluated in vitro using an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay via multicolor flow cytometry. Throughout the 2-year follow-up that included the administration of five doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific responses remained consistently negative, with extremely weak humoral responses, while the patient showed in vitro persistent CD4+ T-cell reactivity to CMV peptides and high-IgG CMV-specific titers. The assessment of immune responses to vaccines and prevalent viruses is essential in IEI patients in order to take adequate preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Alba-Cano
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Cruz
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sara Muñoz-Gómez
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Rebeca Pérez de Diego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena García Martínez
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Navarro Caspistegui
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martín López
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Juana Gil-Herrera
- Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (T.A.-C.); (E.F.-C.); (S.M.-G.); (E.G.M.); (J.N.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Lai Z, Pu T, Li J, Bai F, Wu L, Tang Y. Visual analysis of hotspots and trends in long COVID research based on bibliometric. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24053. [PMID: 38293444 PMCID: PMC10827472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
After severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, a series of symptoms may persist for a long time, which is now called long COVID. It was found that long COVID can affect all patients with COVID-19. Therefore, long COVID has become a hot topic. In this study, we used the WOS database as a sample data source to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of 1765 long COVID articles over the past three years through VOSviewer and R package. The results show that countries/authors in Europe and The United States of America contribute most of the articles, and their cooperation is also the most active. Keyword co-occurrence identified four clusters, with important topics including the mechanism, clinical symptoms, epidemiological characteristics, and management/treatment of long COVID. Themes such as "cognitive impairment", "endothelial dysfunction", "diagnosis", and "biomarkers" are likely to be the focus of new attention in the coming period. In addition, we put forward the possible research opportunities on long COVID for researchers and practitioners to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Lai
- The Pharmaceutical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tao Pu
- Department of Adolescent Gynecology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- The Pharmaceutical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Facheng Bai
- The Pharmaceutical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lining Wu
- The Pharmaceutical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yunxia Tang
- The Pharmaceutical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
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3
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Föhse K, Geckin B, Zoodsma M, Kilic G, Liu Z, Röring RJ, Overheul GJ, van de Maat J, Bulut O, Hoogerwerf JJ, Ten Oever J, Simonetti E, Schaal H, Adams O, Müller L, Ostermann PN, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Haagmans BL, van Crevel R, van Rij RP, GeurtsvanKessel C, de Jonge MI, Li Y, Domínguez-Andrés J, Netea MG. The impact of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on adaptive and innate immune responses. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109762. [PMID: 37673225 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The mRNA-based BNT162b2 protects against severe disease and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 via induction of specific antibody and T-cell responses. Much less is known about its broad effects on immune responses against other pathogens. Here, we investigated the adaptive immune responses induced by BNT162b2 vaccination against various SARS-CoV-2 variants and its effects on the responsiveness of immune cells upon stimulation with heterologous stimuli. BNT162b2 vaccination induced effective humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that started to wane after six months. We also observed long-term transcriptional changes in immune cells after vaccination. Additionally, vaccination with BNT162b2 modulated innate immune responses as measured by inflammatory cytokine production after stimulation - higher IL-1/IL-6 release and decreased IFN-α production. Altogether, these data expand our knowledge regarding the overall immunological effects of this new class of vaccines and underline the need for additional studies to elucidate their effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Föhse
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Büsra Geckin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Zoodsma
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rutger J Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs J Overheul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine van de Maat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobien J Hoogerwerf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Roncati L, Sweidan E, Tchawa C, Gianotti G, Di Massa G, Siciliano F, Paolini A. SARS-CoV-2 Induced Herpes Virus Reactivations and Related Implications in Oncohematology: When Lymphocytopenia Sets in and Immunosurveillance Drops Out. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2223. [PMID: 37764067 PMCID: PMC10534535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus contagious in humans and responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Sweidan
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Cyrielle Tchawa
- Graduate School of Medical Oncology, Department of Maternal, Infant and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Greta Gianotti
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Massa
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Graduate School of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Flavia Siciliano
- Graduate School of Medical Oncology, Department of Maternal, Infant and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Unit of Diagnostic Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital of Modena—Polyclinic, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Noushad M, Nassani MZ, Samran A, Dimashkieh MR, Al-Awar MS. COVID-19 and herpes zoster: a call to action. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1200353. [PMID: 37637810 PMCID: PMC10448515 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Noushad
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Samran
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Sadeg Al-Awar
- Faculty of Applied Science, Amran University, Amran, Yemen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Nunes JM, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Cardiovascular and haematological pathology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): A role for viruses. Blood Rev 2023; 60:101075. [PMID: 36963989 PMCID: PMC10027292 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ME/CFS is a debilitating chronic condition that often develops after viral or bacterial infection. Insight from the study of Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), the post-viral syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, might prove to be useful for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of ME/CFS. Disease presentation is similar between the two conditions, and a subset of Long COVID patients meet the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. Since Long COVID is characterized by significant vascular pathology - including endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and vascular dysregulation - the question of whether or not the same biological abnormalities are of significance in ME/CFS arises. Cardiac abnormalities have for a while now been documented in ME/CFS cohorts, with recent studies demonstrating major deficits in cerebral blood flow, and hence vascular dysregulation. A growing body of research is demonstrating that ME/CFS is accompanied by platelet hyperactivation, anomalous clotting, a procoagulant phenotype, and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial damage and dysregulated clotting can impair substance exchange between blood and tissues, and result in hypoperfusion, which may contribute to the manifestation of certain ME/CFS symptoms. Here we review the ME/CFS literature to summarize cardiovascular and haematological findings documented in patients with the condition, and, in this context, briefly discuss the potential role of previously-implicated pathogens. Overall, cardiac and haematological abnormalities are present within ME/CFS cohorts. While atherosclerotic heart disease is not significantly associated with ME/CFS, suboptimal cardiovascular function defined by reduced cardiac output, impaired cerebral blood flow, and vascular dysregulation are, and these abnormalities do not appear to be influenced by deconditioning. Rather, these cardiac abnormalities may result from dysfunction in the (autonomic) nervous system. Plenty of recently published studies are demonstrating significant platelet hyperactivity and endothelial dysfunction in ME/CFS, as well as anomalous clotting processes. It is of particular importance to determine to what extent these cardiovascular and haematological abnormalities contribute to symptom severity, and if these two systems can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Viral reservoirs of herpesviruses exist in ME/CFS, and most likely contribute to cardiovascular and haematological dysfunction directly or indirectly. This review highlights the potential of studying cardiac functioning, the vasculature, and coagulation system in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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