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Hati S, Vahora S, Panchal J, Patel S, Patel A, Chauhan H, Sharma K, Sabara P, Shrimali M. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Milk and Dairy-Derived Pathogens from Anand, Gujarat, India. Microb Pathog 2024:107076. [PMID: 39454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and genomic characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from dairy products, including buttermilk, curd, ice cream, and sweets, in the Anand region of Gujarat, India. A total of 205 isolates were analyzed, with the highest contamination levels found in buttermilk and curd. The bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests and advanced Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, following CLSI guidelines, focusing on common antibiotics used for treating dairy-related bacterial infections. Resistance profiles were analyzed using WHONET software.s The findings revealed significant multidrug resistance (MDR), particularly among E. faecium and E. faecalis, with over 95% resistance to key antibiotics, including linezolid, ciprofloxacin, cefpodoxime, and carbapenems. Many strains were classified as MDR, XDR, and PDR. Staphylococcus aureus also exhibited substantial resistance to penicillin and enrofloxacin. whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis to identify AMR determinants and conduct nucleotide sequence alignment. The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including LiaF, which regulates the expression of LiaR and LiaS genes. WGS revealed that genes such as GdpD, MprF, and PgsA encode intrinsic resistance determinants, contributing to antibiotic resistance. Additional AMR mechanisms were identified, including ABC transporter efflux pumps and the regulation of resistance genes by LiaR and LiaS. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship between Enterococcus faecium 640 1352.18624 and Enterococcus durans FB129-CNAB-4 883162.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of dairy Sciences, Anand 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Shirin Vahora
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of dairy Sciences, Anand 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Janki Panchal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Arun Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Anand 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshad Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Kishan Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Pritesh Sabara
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science & Technology, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat
| | - Mehul Shrimali
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
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Cocker D, Birgand G, Zhu N, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Ahmad R, Jambo K, Levin AS, Holmes A. Healthcare as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of antimicrobial resistance: opportunities for interventions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:636-649. [PMID: 39048837 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that threatens humans, animals and the environment. Evidence is emerging for a role of healthcare infrastructure, environments and patient pathways in promoting and maintaining AMR via direct and indirect mechanisms. Advances in vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapies together with integrated surveillance, rapid diagnostics, targeted antimicrobial therapy and infection control measures offer opportunities to address healthcare-associated AMR risks more effectively. Additionally, innovations in artificial intelligence, data linkage and intelligent systems can be used to better predict and reduce AMR and improve healthcare resilience. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms by which healthcare functions as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of AMR, contextualized within a One Health framework. We also explore the opportunities and innovative solutions that can be used to combat AMR throughout the patient journey. We provide a perspective on the current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions designed to mitigate healthcare-associated AMR and promote healthcare resilience within high-income and resource-limited settings, as well as the challenges associated with their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cocker
- David Price Evans Infectious Diseases & Global Health Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gabriel Birgand
- Centre d'appui pour la Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins, Nantes, France
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cibles et medicaments des infections et de l'immunitée, IICiMed, Nantes Universite, Nantes, France
| | - Nina Zhu
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raheelah Ahmad
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research & Management, City University of London, London, UK
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kondwani Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna S Levin
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Holmes
- David Price Evans Infectious Diseases & Global Health Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Oliveira M, Antunes W, Mota S, Madureira-Carvalho Á, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dias da Silva D. An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1920. [PMID: 39338594 PMCID: PMC11434382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires a comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR's epidemiological landscape is characterized by its widespread prevalence and constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure) contribute to the emergence and dissemination of new resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs-ASPs-and infection prevention and control strategies-IPCs) emphasize the importance of responsible antimicrobial use and surveillance. A One Health approach (i.e., the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health) highlights the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic strategies in combating AMR. Advancements in novel therapeutics (e.g., alternative antimicrobial agents and vaccines) offer promising avenues in addressing AMR challenges. Policy interventions at the international and national levels also promote ASPs aiming to regulate antimicrobial use. Despite all of the observed progress, AMR remains a pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts to address emerging threats and promote antimicrobial sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches and address the complex socioecological dynamics underlying AMR. This manuscript is a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals seeking to navigate the complex AMR landscape and develop effective strategies for its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Instituto Universitário Militar, CINAMIL, Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Bensaúde, 4 piso, do LNM, 1849-012 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salete Mota
- ULSEDV—Unidade Local De Saúde De Entre Douro Vouga, Unidade de Santa Maria da Feira e Hospital S. Sebastião, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Áurea Madureira-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN—Forensic Science Experts, Avenida Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Gul A, Pewe LL, Willems P, Mayer R, Thery F, Asselman C, Aernout I, Verbeke R, Eggermont D, Van Moortel L, Upton E, Zhang Y, Boucher K, Miret-Casals L, Demol H, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I, Radoshevich L, Harty JT, Impens F. Immunopeptidomics Mapping of Listeria monocytogenes T Cell Epitopes in Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100829. [PMID: 39147027 PMCID: PMC11414675 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne intracellular bacterial model pathogen. Protective immunity against Listeria depends on an effective CD8+ T cell response, but very few T cell epitopes are known in mice as a common animal infection model for listeriosis. To identify epitopes, we screened for Listeria immunopeptides presented in the spleen of infected mice by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics. We mapped more than 6000 mouse self-peptides presented on MHC class I molecules, including 12 high confident Listeria peptides from 12 different bacterial proteins. Bacterial immunopeptides with confirmed fragmentation spectra were further tested for their potential to activate CD8+ T cells, revealing VTYNYINI from the putative cell wall surface anchor family protein LMON_0576 as a novel bona fide peptide epitope. The epitope showed high biological potency in a prime boost model and can be used as a research tool to probe CD8+ T cell responses in the mouse models of Listeria infection. Together, our results demonstrate the power of immunopeptidomics for bacterial antigen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adillah Gul
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick Willems
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rupert Mayer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabien Thery
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Asselman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilke Aernout
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denzel Eggermont
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Moortel
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Upton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Katie Boucher
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laia Miret-Casals
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Demol
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lilliana Radoshevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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Fik-Jaskółka M, Mittova V, Motsonelidze C, Vakhania M, Vicidomini C, Roviello GN. Antimicrobial Metabolites of Caucasian Medicinal Plants as Alternatives to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38927153 PMCID: PMC11200912 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential of antimicrobial metabolites derived from Caucasian medicinal plants as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. With the rise of antibiotic resistance posing a global health threat, there is a pressing need to investigate alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Caucasian medicinal plants have traditionally been used for their therapeutic properties, and recent research has highlighted their potential as sources of antimicrobial compounds. Representatives of 15 families of Caucasian medicinal plant extracts (24 species) have been explored for their efficacy against these pathogens. The effect of these plants on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi is discussed in this paper. By harnessing the bioactive metabolites present in these plants, this study aims to contribute to the development of new antimicrobial treatments that can effectively combat bacterial infections while minimizing the risk of resistance emergence. Herein we discuss the following classes of bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds of Allium species. The review discusses the pharmacological properties of selected Caucasian medicinal plants, the extraction and characterization of these antimicrobial metabolites, the mechanisms of action of antibacterial and antifungal plant compounds, and their potential applications in clinical settings. Additionally, challenges and future directions in the research of antimicrobial metabolites from Caucasian medicinal plants are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fik-Jaskółka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Valentina Mittova
- Teaching University Geomedi, 4 King Solomon II Str., Tbilisi 0114, Georgia; (V.M.)
| | | | - Malkhaz Vakhania
- Teaching University Geomedi, 4 King Solomon II Str., Tbilisi 0114, Georgia; (V.M.)
| | - Caterina Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sallam M, Snygg J, Allam D, Kassem R. From Protection to Prevention: Redefining Vaccines in the Context of Antimicrobial Resistance. Cureus 2024; 16:e60551. [PMID: 38887339 PMCID: PMC11181895 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, compromising the effectiveness of treatments and increasing medical risks. In this crisis, the importance of vaccines in reducing AMR is being increasingly acknowledged, although not thoroughly explored. This literature review asserts that vaccines can significantly lessen the occurrence of infections, thereby reducing the need for antibiotics and limiting the emergence of resistance. Vaccines play a crucial role in antimicrobial stewardship programs by preventing diseases that would otherwise necessitate the use of antibiotics. Expanding vaccine coverage supports responsible usage of antimicrobials and aligns with global health priorities to maintain effective medical interventions. This review emphasizes the need for equitable funding and policy support for vaccine initiatives comparable to new antibiotics and diagnostic techniques. Moreover, it calls for more detailed investigations into vaccines' economic and health benefits in managing AMR, highlighting their potential as cost-effective solutions to this urgent health challenge. Through a careful analysis of existing literature, this review highlights the fundamental role of vaccines in transforming the landscape of AMR, shifting the focus from a protective approach to a preventive health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sallam
- Department of Pharmacy, Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai, ARE
- Department of Management, School of Business, International American University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Johan Snygg
- Department of Management, Mediclinic City Hospital, Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai, ARE
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, SWE
| | - Doaa Allam
- Department of Pharmacy, Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai, ARE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, IRL
| | - Rana Kassem
- Department of Pharmacy, Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai, ARE
- Department of Management, School of Business, University of Essex, Colchester, GBR
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Erfanmanesh A, Beikzadeh B, Khanzadeh M, Alishahi M. Immuno-protective response of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) to inactivated vaccines against Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio harveyi. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:89. [PMID: 38459562 PMCID: PMC10921715 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the protective immunity and immunogenicity of the monovalent and bivalent Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio harveyi vaccine were evaluated in Asian seabass. To analyze immune responses, 1200 Asian seabass with an average weight of 132.6 ± 25.4 g were divided into eight treatments in triplicates (50 fish per tank) as follows: S. iniae immunized by injection (SI), V. harveyi immunized by injection (VI), bivalent S. iniae and V. harveyi (SVI) immunized by injection, S. iniae immunized by immersion (SIM), V. harveyi (VIM) immunized by immersion, bivalent S. iniae and V. harvei (SVIM) immunized by immersion, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by injection (PBSI) and control group without vaccine administration (CTRL). Blood and serum samples were taken at the end of the 30th and 60th days. Then the vaccinated groups were challenged with two bacteria (S. iniae) and (V. harveyi) separately and mortality was recorded for 14 days. RESULTS This study reveals that there is no significant difference in the hematological parameters on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment in the vaccine-immunized groups compared to the CTRL group (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the amount of serum albumin level, respiratory burst activity, and serum bactericidal activity in the vaccine-immunized groups compared to the CTRL group on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment (P > 0.05). Total protein on the 60th day (in the VI and SVI groups), globulin on the 30th day (in the VI and SVI groups) and the 60th day (in the VI group) compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups had a significant increase (P < 0.05). Complement activity (in the VI and SVI groups) and lysozyme (in the SI and SVI groups) increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Serum antibody titer against S. iniae had a significant increase in the SI, VI, SVI and SVIM groups compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups (P < 0.05). Serum antibody titer against V. harveyi had a significant increase in the groups immunized with the vaccine compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the relative percentage survival (RPS) following challenge with S. iniae in the SVI (86.6%), SI (83.3%,) and VI (73.3%) groups were observed compared to the CTRL (43.3%) and PBSI (40%) groups (P < 0.05). Also, a significant increase in the RPS after challenge with V. harveyi in the SVI group, VI 86.6%, SVI 83.3%, VIM 80% and SVIM 76.6% were observed compared to the CTRL (46.6%) and PBSI (50%) groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, the results demonstrated that the bivalent vaccine of S. iniae and V. harveywas able to produce significant immunogenicity and RPS in Asian seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Erfanmanesh
- Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Beikzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Khanzadeh
- Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Alishahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Centre of Excellence for Warm Water Fish Health and Disease, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Anyaegbunam ZKG, Mba IE, Doowuese Y, Anyaegbunam NJ, Mba T, Aina FA, Chigor VN, Nweze EI, Eze EA. Antimicrobial resistance containment in Africa: Moving beyond surveillance. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2024; 6:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
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Shamas N, Khamis F, Eljaaly K, Al Salmi Z, Al Bahrani M. Intermittent hemodialysis: a review of the top antimicrobial stewardship practices to be employed. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e2. [PMID: 38234415 PMCID: PMC10789993 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The vulnerability of patients on hemodialysis (HD) to infections is evident by their increased susceptibility to infections in general and to resistant organisms in particular. Unnecessary, inappropriate, or suboptimal antimicrobial prescribing is common in dialysis units. This underscores the need for dedicated antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions that can be implemented both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. In this review, we provide a comprehensive approach for clinicians with the most updated coordinated AMS principles in HD setting in six areas: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, education and empowerment, monitoring, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Shamas
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaher Al Salmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maher Al Bahrani
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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10
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Vicidomini C, Borbone N, Roviello V, Roviello GN, Oliviero G. Summary of the Current Status of DNA Vaccination for Alzheimer Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1706. [PMID: 38006038 PMCID: PMC10674988 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common and disabling neuropathies in the ever-growing aged population around the world, that especially affects Western countries. We are in urgent need of finding an effective therapy but also a valid prophylactic means of preventing AD. There is a growing attention currently paid to DNA vaccination, a technology particularly used during the COVID-19 era, which can be used also to potentially prevent or modify the course of neurological diseases, including AD. This paper aims to discuss the main features and hurdles encountered in the immunization and therapy against AD using DNA vaccine technology. Ultimately, this work aims to effectively promote the efforts in research for the development of safe and effective DNA and RNA vaccines for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Roviello
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies (CESTEV), University of Naples Federico II, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Downes SG, Owens RA, Walshe K, Fitzpatrick DA, Dorey A, Jones GW, Doyle S. Gliotoxin-mediated bacterial growth inhibition is caused by specific metal ion depletion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16156. [PMID: 37758814 PMCID: PMC10533825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming antimicrobial resistance represents a formidable challenge and investigating bacterial growth inhibition by fungal metabolites may yield new strategies. Although the fungal non-ribosomal peptide gliotoxin (GT) is known to exhibit antibacterial activity, the mechanism(s) of action are unknown, although reduced gliotoxin (dithiol gliotoxin; DTG) is a zinc chelator. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that GT synergises with vancomycin to inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Here we demonstrate, without precedent, that GT-mediated growth inhibition of both Gram positive and negative bacterial species is reversed by Zn2+ or Cu2+ addition. Both GT, and the known zinc chelator TPEN, mediate growth inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis which is reversed by zinc addition. Moreover, zinc also reverses the synergistic growth inhibition of E. faecalis observed in the presence of both GT and vancomycin (4 µg/ml). As well as zinc chelation, DTG also appears to chelate Cu2+, but not Mn2+ using a 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol assay system and Zn2+ as a positive control. DTG also specifically reacts in Fe3+-containing Siderotec™ assays, most likely by Fe3+ chelation from test reagents. GSH or DTT show no activity in these assays. Confirmatory high resolution mass spectrometry, in negative ion mode, confirmed, for the first time, the presence of both Cu[DTG] and Fe[DTG]2 chelates. Label free quantitative proteomic analysis further revealed major intracellular proteomic remodelling within E. faecalis in response to GT exposure for 30-180 min. Globally, 4.2-7.2% of detectable proteins exhibited evidence of either unique presence/increased abundance or unique absence/decreased abundance (n = 994-1160 total proteins detected), which is the first demonstration that GT affects the bacterial proteome in general, and E. faecalis, specifically. Unique detection of components of the AdcABC and AdcA-II zinc uptake systems was observed, along with apparent ribosomal reprofiling to zinc-free paralogs in the presence of GT. Overall, we hypothesise that GT-mediated bacterial growth inhibition appears to involve intracellular zinc depletion or reduced bioavailability, and based on in vitro chelate formation, may also involve dysregulation of Cu2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane G Downes
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | | | - Amber Dorey
- Molecular Parasitology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary W Jones
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Health, Leeds-Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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12
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Aflakian F, Mirzavi F, Aiyelabegan HT, Soleimani A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Karimi-Sani I, Rafati Zomorodi A, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Nanoparticles-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections: A special emphasis on FDA approved products and clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106515. [PMID: 37402428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has increased in recent decades as a result of the extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The World Health Organization listed antimicrobial resistance as one of ten major global public health threats in 2021. In particular, six major bacterial pathogens, including third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found to have the highest resistance-related death rates in 2019. To respond to this urgent call, the creation of new pharmaceutical technologies based on nanoscience and drug delivery systems appears to be the promising strategy against microbial resistance in light of recent advancements, particularly the new knowledge of medicinal biology. Nanomaterials are often defined as substances having sizes between 1 and 100 nm. If the material is used on a small scale; its properties significantly change. They come in a variety of sizes and forms to help provide distinguishing characteristics for a wide range of functions. The field of health sciences has demonstrated a strong interest in numerous nanotechnology applications. Therefore, in this review, prospective nanotechnology-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections with multiple medication resistance are critically examined. Recent developments in these innovative treatment techniques are described, with an emphasis on preclinical, clinical, and combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aflakian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Iman Karimi-Sani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Subedi D, Jyoti S, Thapa B, Paudel S, Shrestha P, Sapkota D, Bhatt BR, Adhikari H, Poudel U, Gautam A, Nepal R, Al-Mustapha AI. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Poultry Farmers in Nepal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 37760666 PMCID: PMC10525118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse and misuse of antibiotics is one of the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, AMR in food-producing animals is a significant public health concern. This study, therefore, assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR among poultry farmers in Nepal. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 605 poultry farmers from six districts of Nepal from May to June 2022 to assess the status of knowledge, attitude, as well as practices toward prudent antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR. The majority of the participants in our study were from the Chitwan district (31.6%; n = 191/605), aged 30-44 (54.2%; n = 328/605), males (70.4%; n = 426/605), and farmers with a higher secondary (28.76%; n = 174/605) level of education. The tetracyclines (28%, n = 228/828), aminoglycosides (23%, n = 188/828), and fluoroquinolones (15%, n = 126/828) were the most used antibiotics classes among poultry farmers. Although 87.8% (n = 531/605) of poultry farmers used antibiotics, 49.8% (n = 301/605) of them were aware of AMR, and 55.7% (n = 337/605) knew that the misuse of antimicrobials could affect human and environmental health. There were significant differences in the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR among farmers who reared different birds. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice score of the respondents were 7.81 ± 3.26, 5.8 ± 2.32, and 7.59 ± 3.38 when measured on a scale of 12, 10, and 15, respectively. Based on a cut-off of 75% of the maximum score, 49.4% (n = 299/605), 62.8% (n = 380/605), and 12.73% (n = 77/605) of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the positive predictors of good knowledge and attitude were male gender, higher level of education, district, and the types of birds (layers). Similarly, those of the male gender (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.38-8.20; p = 0.008) and those that rear layers (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.75-12.25; p = 0.003) were more likely to practice prudent usage of antimicrobials. The findings of this study show poor practice toward prudent antibiotic usage despite good knowledge of AMR. This study provides essential baseline data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of poultry farmers in Nepal and offers valuable insights that could help in the design of interventions and policies aimed at addressing illicit AMU and AMR in poultry in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Subedi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Sumit Jyoti
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bhima Thapa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Sanjay Paudel
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Prajjwal Shrestha
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Deepak Sapkota
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Bhuwan Raj Bhatt
- Faculty of Agriculture, Far Western University, Kailali 10900, Nepal;
| | - Hari Adhikari
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Uddab Poudel
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Anil Gautam
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Rojina Nepal
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin 240213, Nigeria
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14
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Usman SS, Uba AI, Christina E. Bacteriophage genome engineering for phage therapy to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance as an alternative to antibiotics. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7055-7067. [PMID: 37392288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that mainly infect bacteria and are ubiquitously distributed in nature, especially to their host. Phage engineering involves nucleic acids manipulation of phage genome for antimicrobial activity directed against pathogens through the applications of molecular biology techniques such as synthetic biology methods, homologous recombination, CRISPY-BRED and CRISPY-BRIP recombineering, rebooting phage-based engineering, and targeted nucleases including CRISPR/Cas9, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Management of bacteria is widely achieved using antibiotics whose mechanism of action has been shown to target both the genetic dogma and the metabolism of pathogens. However, the overuse of antibiotics has caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria which account for nearly 5 million deaths as of 2019 thereby posing threats to the public health sector, particularly by 2050. Lytic phages have drawn attention as a strong alternative to antibiotics owing to the promising efficacy and safety of phage therapy in various models in vivo and human studies. Therefore, harnessing phage genome engineering methods, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 to overcome the limitations such as phage narrow host range, phage resistance or any potential eukaryotic immune response for phage-based enzymes/proteins therapy may designate phage therapy as a strong alternative to antibiotics for combatting bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, the current trends and progress in phage genome engineering techniques and phage therapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Sharif Usman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, 144401, Punjab, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evangeline Christina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, 144401, Punjab, India.
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15
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Costanzo M, De Giglio MAR, Roviello GN. Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097803. [PMID: 37175509 PMCID: PMC10178366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer cells by modulating the central metabolic pathways or hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting the apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven oncogenic viruses are known to promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients to cancer onset and accelerate cancer development. This hypothesis is based on the growing evidence regarding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate oncogenic pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation and causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize the main relationships known to date between virus infection and cancer, providing a summary of the proposed biochemical mechanisms behind the cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA viruses (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, and MCPyV) encode their virus oncogenes. In contrast, RNA viruses (like HCV, HTLV-1) may encode oncogenes or trigger host oncogenes through cis-/-trans activation leading to different types of cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role as an oncogenic virus seems to occur through the inhibition of oncosuppressors or controlling the metabolic and autophagy pathways in the infected cells. However, these effects could be significant in particular scenarios like those linked to severe COVID-19 or long COVID. On the other hand, looking at the SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from an opposite perspective, oncolytic effects and anti-tumor immune response were triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in some cases. In summary, our work aims to recall comprehensive attention from the scientific community to elucidate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and, more in general, β-coronavirus infection on cancer susceptibility for cancer prevention or supporting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Vicidomini C, Roviello GN. Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Strategies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052118. [PMID: 36903364 PMCID: PMC10003904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding effective antiviral molecular strategies was a main concern in the scientific community when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 as an easily transmissible and potentially deadly β-coronavirus able to cause the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which famously led to one of the most worrying pandemics in recent times. Other members of this zoonotic pathogenic family were already known before 2019, but apart from the SARS-CoV, which was responsible of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2002/2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), whose main impact on humans is geographically restricted to Middle Eastern countries, the other human β-coronaviruses known at that time were those typically associated with common cold symptoms which had not led to the development of any specific prophylactic or therapeutic measures. Although SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations are still causing illness in our communities, COVID-19 is less deadly than before and we are returning to normality. Overall, the main lesson learnt after the past few years of pandemic is that keeping our bodies healthy and immunity defenses strong using sport, nature-inspired measures, and using functional foods are powerful weapons for preventing the more severe forms of illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 and, from a more molecular perspective, that finding drugs with mechanisms of action involving biological targets conserved within the different mutations of SARS-CoV-2-and possibly within the entire family of β-coronaviruses-gives more therapeutic opportunities in the scenario of future pandemics based on these pathogens. In this regard, the main protease (Mpro), having no human homologues, offers a lower risk of off-target reactivity and represents a suitable therapeutic target in the search for efficacious, broad-spectrum anti-β-coronavirus drugs. Herein, we discuss on the above points and also report some molecular approaches presented in the past few years to counteract the effects of β-coronaviruses, with a special focus on SARS-CoV-2 but also MERS-CoV.
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