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Cruz Cisneros MC, Anderson EJ, Hampton BK, Parotti B, Sarkar S, Taft-Benz S, Bell TA, Blanchard M, Dillard JA, Dinnon KH, Hock P, Leist SR, Madden EA, Shaw GD, West A, Baric RS, Baxter VK, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Heise MT, Ferris MT. Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:103. [PMID: 38276675 PMCID: PMC10821422 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid and worldwide development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is significant individual-to-individual variation in vaccine efficacy due to factors including viral variants, host age, immune status, environmental and host genetic factors. Understanding those determinants driving this variation may inform the development of more broadly protective vaccine strategies. While host genetic factors are known to impact vaccine efficacy for respiratory pathogens such as influenza and tuberculosis, the impact of host genetic variation on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is not well understood. To model the impact of host genetic variation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy, while controlling for the impact of non-genetic factors, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse model. We found that DO mice immunized against SARS-CoV-2 exhibited high levels of variation in vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses. While the majority of the vaccinated mice were protected from virus-induced disease, similar to human populations, we observed vaccine breakthrough in a subset of mice. Importantly, we found that this variation in neutralizing antibody, virus-induced disease, and viral titer is heritable, indicating that the DO serves as a useful model system for studying the contribution of genetic variation of both vaccines and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. Cruz Cisneros
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.C.C.C.); (B.K.H.)
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Anderson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.J.A.); (V.K.B.)
| | - Brea K. Hampton
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.C.C.C.); (B.K.H.)
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Breantié Parotti
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sharon Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Matthew Blanchard
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Jacob A. Dillard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Emily A. Madden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Victoria K. Baxter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.J.A.); (V.K.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
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