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Malik AA, Shariq M, Sheikh JA, Fayaz H, Srivastava G, Thakuri D, Ahuja Y, Ali S, Alam A, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Regulation of Type I Interferon and Autophagy in Immunity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Role of CGAS and STING1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400174. [PMID: 38977406 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a significant intracellular pathogen responsible for numerous infectious disease-related deaths worldwide. It uses ESX-1 T7SS to damage phagosomes and to enter the cytosol of host cells after phagocytosis. During infection, M. tb and host mitochondria release dsDNA, which activates the CGAS-STING1 pathway. This pathway leads to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and activates autophagy, which targets and degrades bacteria within autophagosomes. However, the role of type I IFNs in immunity against M. tb is controversial. While previous research has suggested a protective role, recent findings from cgas-sting1 knockout mouse studies have contradicted this. Additionally, a study using knockout mice and non-human primate models uncovered a new mechanism by which neutrophils recruited to lung infections form neutrophil extracellular traps. Activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells causes them to produce type I IFNs, which interfere with the function of interstitial macrophages and increase the likelihood of tuberculosis. Notably, M. tb uses its virulence proteins to disrupt the CGAS-STING1 signaling pathway leading to enhanced pathogenesis. Investigating the CGAS-STING1 pathway can help develop new ways to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haleema Fayaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Gauri Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Deeksha Thakuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Yashika Ahuja
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Saquib Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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2
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Stylianou E, Satti I. Inhaled aerosol viral-vectored vaccines against tuberculosis. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101408. [PMID: 38574628 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. The development of effective TB vaccines faces significant challenges, marked by the absence of validated correlates of protection and predictive animal models. Strategic approaches to enhance TB vaccines and augment BCG efficacy include utilising prime-boost strategies with viral-vectored vaccines and exploring innovative delivery techniques, such as mucosal vaccine administration. Viral vectors offer numerous advantages, including the capacity to accommodate genes encoding extensive antigenic fragments and the induction of robust immune responses. Aerosol delivery aligns with the route of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and holds the potential to enhance protective mucosal immunity. Aerosolised viral-vectored vaccines overcome anti-vector immunity, facilitating repeated aerosol deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Veerapandian R, Gadad SS, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38793781 PMCID: PMC11126151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB. Multiple candidates have been evaluated to either replace or boost the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, including subunit protein, DNA, virus vector-based vaccines, etc., most of which provide only short-term immunity. Several live attenuated vaccines derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and BCG have also been developed to induce long-term immunity. Since Mtb mediates its virulence through multiple secreted proteins, these proteins have been targeted to produce attenuated but immunogenic vaccines. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospects of live attenuated vaccines generated by targeting the disruption of the genes encoding secretory mycobacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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4
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Li F, Dang W, Du Y, Xu X, He P, Zhou Y, Zhu B. Tuberculosis Vaccines and T Cell Immune Memory. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:483. [PMID: 38793734 PMCID: PMC11125691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease partly due to the lack of an effective vaccine. Therefore, developing new and more effective TB vaccines is crucial for controlling TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) usually parasitizes in macrophages; therefore, cell-mediated immunity plays an important role. The maintenance of memory T cells following M. tuberculosis infection or vaccination is a hallmark of immune protection. This review analyzes the development of memory T cells during M. tuberculosis infection and vaccine immunization, especially on immune memory induced by BCG and subunit vaccines. Furthermore, the factors affecting the development of memory T cells are discussed in detail. The understanding of the development of memory T cells should contribute to designing more effective TB vaccines and optimizing vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenrui Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunjie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Pu He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Wang J, Jiang F, Cheng P, Ye Z, Li L, Yang L, Zhuang L, Gong W. Construction of novel multi-epitope-based diagnostic biomarker HP16118P and its application in the differential diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:15. [PMID: 38679629 PMCID: PMC11056354 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that significantly threatens human health. However, the differential diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (ATB) remains a challenge for clinicians in early detection and preventive intervention. In this study, we developed a novel biomarker named HP16118P, utilizing 16 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, 11 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and 8 B cell epitopes identified from 15 antigens associated with LTBI-RD using the IEDB database. We analyzed the physicochemical properties, spatial structure, and immunological characteristics of HP16118P using various tools, which indicated that it is a hydrophilic and relatively stable alkaline protein. Furthermore, HP16118P exhibited good antigenicity and immunogenicity, while being non-toxic and non-allergenic, with the potential to induce immune responses. We observed that HP16118P can stimulate the production of high levels of IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes in individuals with ATB, LTBI, and health controls. IL-5 induced by HP16118P demonstrated potential in distinguishing LTBI individuals and ATB patients (p=0.0372, AUC=0.8214, 95% CI [0.5843 to 1.000]) with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 71.43%. Furthermore, we incorporated the GM-CSF, IL-23, IL-5, and MCP-3 induced by HP16118P into 15 machine learning algorithms to construct a model. It was found that the Quadratic discriminant analysis model exhibited the best diagnostic performance for discriminating between LTBI and ATB, with a sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.86, and accuracy of 0.93. In summary, HP16118P has demonstrated strong antigenicity and immunogenicity, with the induction of GM-CSF, IL-23, IL-5, and MCP-3, suggesting their potential for the differential diagnosis of LTBI and ATB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Section of Health, No. 94804 Unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Resident standardization training cadet corps, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, ZhangjiakouHebei, 075000, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, ZhangjiakouHebei, 075000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, ZhangjiakouHebei, 075000, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, ZhangjiakouHebei, 075000, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17#Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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6
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da Costa C, Benn CS, Nyirenda T, Mpabalwani E, Grewal HMS, Ahmed R, Kapata N, Nyasulu PS, Maeurer M, Hui DS, Goletti D, Zumla A. Perspectives on development and advancement of new tuberculosis vaccines. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141S:106987. [PMID: 38417616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death worldwide and is estimated to have caused 1.3 million deaths worldwide in 2022. Approximately one quarter of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, of whom up to 10% will progress to developing active TB disease. Achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets of a 95% reduction in TB mortality and a 90% reduction in TB incidence worldwide by 2035 remains a daunting task. The continuing spread of multidrug-resistant TB adds another obstacle to achieving global TB control. Larger funding pledges coupled with technological advances have recently enabled the enhancement of TB vaccine development efforts. These are yielding a pipeline of over 17 products currently in different stages of clinical trials. Emerging promising phase I and II trial results and advancement to phase III trials have necessitated "vaccine preparedness" in parallel so that a smooth transition from any positive clinical trial result to phase IV evaluation and implementation into policy and practice can follow. Promotion of a human rights-based approach, which recognizes and upholds the fundamental rights of all affected by the disease, is essential to ensure universal access to quality TB vaccines, regardless of their background or personal circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher da Costa
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, USA; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research and Development Division, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nyirenda
- European Developing Countries Clinical Trials partnership (EDCTP) Africa Office, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evans Mpabalwani
- University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Harleen M S Grewal
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital, and University of Bolton, Farnworth, Bolton, UK
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Stellenbosch University, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Johannes Gutenberg University, I Medizinische Klinik, Mainz, Germany
| | - David S Hui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and S. H. Ho Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Delia Goletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- University College London, Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Feng Q, Zhang G, Chen L, Wu H, Yang Y, Gao Q, Asakawa T, Zhao Y, Lu S, Zhou L, Lu H. Roadmap for ending TB in China by 2035: The challenges and strategies. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:11-20. [PMID: 38325824 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, taking the lives of over a million people annually. In addition to being a serious health issue, TB is also closely linked to eradicating poverty according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). All UN members have committed to ending the TB epidemic by 2030. China has one of the highest TB loads worldwide, ranking third in the world on many TB burden indices. The national strategy for TB control is aimed at creating a collaborative network and integrating TB treatment into the medical system. According to the WHO's global TB report, China is expected to have 748,000 new cases of TB in 2022 and an incidence of 52 cases per 100,000 people. Ending TB remains a huge challenge and requires comprehensive control strategies in China. In this work, we have discussed the challenges of TB prevention and control in China and proposed specific measures to end TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huizhong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhou Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuihua Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Ebrahimian A, Schalk M, Dürkop M, Maurer M, Bliem R, Kühnel H. Seed Train Optimization in Microcarrier-Based Cell Culture Post In Situ Cell Detachment through Scale-Down Hybrid Modeling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:268. [PMID: 38534542 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcarrier-based cell culture is a commonly used method to facilitate the growth of anchorage-dependent cells like MA 104 for antigen manufacturing. However, conventionally, static cell culture is employed for cell propagation before seeding the production bioreactor with microcarriers (MCs). This study demonstrates the effective replacement of the conventional method by serial subculturing on MCs with in situ cell detachment under optimal conditions in closed culture units. This study proves that MA 104 can be subcultured at least five times on Cytodex 1 MC without the need for separating cells and MC after cell harvest. Process parameters impacting cell growth were studied post in situ cell detachment in a scaled-down model. Optimization, using augmented Design of Experiments (DoE) combined with hybrid modeling, facilitated rapid screening of the design space for critical process parameters (CPPs). Optimized conditions included an inoculation density of >16 cells/bead, 3.5-4.5 g/L of Cytodex 1, and a controlled agitation speed, starting at Njs (minimum agitation speed) for the first day with a maximum increase of 25% thereafter. With these design spaces for CPPs, a cell density of 2.6 ± 0.5 × 106 cells/mL was achieved after five days. This refined bioprocess methodology offers a reliable and efficient approach for seed training in stirred tank reactors, which is particularly beneficial for viral vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ebrahimian
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Schalk
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Maurer
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bliem
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kühnel
- Department of Applied Life Science, Bioengineering, FH-Campus Wien, 1100 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Schorey JS, Vecchio J, McManus WR, Ongalo J, Webber K. Activation of host nucleic acid sensors by Mycobacterium: good for us or good for them? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:224-240. [PMID: 38153209 PMCID: PMC10985831 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2294904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensors in controlling viral infection is well established, their role in promoting an effective immune response to pathogens other than viruses is less clear. This is particularly true for infections with mycobacteria, as studies point to both protective and detrimental roles for activation of nucleic acid sensors in controlling a mycobacterial infection. Some of the contradiction likely stems from the use of different model systems and different mycobacterial species/strains as well as from which nucleic acid sensors were studied and what downstream effectors were evaluated. In this review, we will describe the different nucleic acid sensors that have been studied in the context of mycobacterial infections, and how the different studies compare. We conclude with a section on how nucleic acid sensor agonists have been used therapeutically and what further information is needed to enhance their potential as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery S. Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Joseph Vecchio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - William R. McManus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Kylie Webber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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10
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Karampinis E, Papadopoulou MM, Chaidaki K, Georgopoulou KE, Magaliou S, Roussaki Schulze AV, Bogdanos DP, Zafiriou E. Plaque Psoriasis Exacerbation and COVID-19 Vaccination: Assessing the Characteristics of the Flare and the Exposome Parameters. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:178. [PMID: 38400161 PMCID: PMC10892964 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diverse patient population and widespread vaccination in the COVD-19 era make vaccine-triggered episodes of psoriasis an ideal model of exposome research. This scenario explores the fine balance between protective and exacerbating factors, providing insights into the complex relationship between environmental exposure and psoriasis immunopathogenesis when a trigger appears, such as that of the hyperinflammatory state induced by the COVID-19 vaccine. Analyzing interactions between vaccine-induced phenomena and exposome parameters may provide clinically relevant information important for personalized medicine decision-making. We performed a literature review seeking patients with plaque psoriasis flares or new onset or change in plaque psoriasis into another psoriasis subtype, such as pustular or erythrodermic flare, focusing on the inner and external exposome traits of patients. We identified 71 patients with plaque psoriasis flares, 12 patients with new-onset psoriasis, and 17 with plaque psoriasis subtype change, and assessed the COVID-19 vaccine-induced plaque psoriasis in terms of clinical presentation, post-vaccination flare period and treatment status, as well as inner exposome parameters (genomics, oxidative stress, hormonal impact due to gender, aging, skin color) and external parameters (UV, infectomics). Novel data on psoriasis flares following COVID-19 vaccination are primarily obtained by combining exposome and vaccine-triggered episode features and characteristics and comparing them with similar psoriasis flares unrelated to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Karampinis
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (A.V.R.S.)
| | | | - Kleoniki Chaidaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (A.V.R.S.)
| | - Konstantina-Eirini Georgopoulou
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Nikaia Pireus “Agios Panteleimon”—General Hospital of West Attica “Agia Varvara”, 12351 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Magaliou
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Trikala, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Angeliki Viktoria Roussaki Schulze
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (A.V.R.S.)
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.K.); (K.C.); (A.V.R.S.)
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11
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Prendergast KA, Nagalingam G, West NP, Triccas JA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Deficient in PdtaS Cytosolic Histidine Kinase Displays Attenuated Growth and Affords Protective Efficacy against Aerosol M. tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38250863 PMCID: PMC10821411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
New control measures are urgently required to control tuberculosis (TB), as the current vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has had a limited impact on disease spread. The identification of virulence mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important strategy in vaccine design, as it permits the development of strains attenuated for growth that may have vaccine potential. In this report, we determined the role of the PdtaS response regulator in M. tuberculosis virulence and defined the vaccine potential of a pdtaS-deficient strain. Deletion of pdtaS (MtbΔpdtaS) resulted in reduced persistence of M. tuberculosis within mouse organs, which was equivalent to the persistence of the BCG vaccine in the lung and liver of infected mice. However, the generation of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62LloKLRG1+) was similar between wild-type M. tuberculosis and MtbΔpdtaS and greater than that elicited by BCG. Heightened immunity induced by MtbΔpdtaS compared to BCG was also observed by analysis of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cell responses induced by vaccination. MtbΔpdtaS displayed improved protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis compared to BCG, which was most apparent in the lung at 20 weeks post-infection. These results suggest that the deletion of the PdtaS response regulator warrants further appraisal as a tool to combat TB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Prendergast
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gayathri Nagalingam
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - James A. Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Zhuang L, Yang L, Li L, Ye Z, Gong W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune response, biomarkers, and therapeutic intervention. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e419. [PMID: 38188605 PMCID: PMC10771061 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, the progression of the disease following Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is closely associated with the host's immune response. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment was conducted from an immunological perspective. First, we delved into the host's immune response mechanisms against MTB infection as well as the immune evasion mechanisms of the bacteria. Addressing the challenges currently faced in TB diagnosis and treatment, we also emphasized the importance of protein, genetic, and immunological biomarkers, aiming to provide new insights for early and personalized diagnosis and treatment of TB. Building upon this foundation, we further discussed intervention strategies involving chemical and immunological treatments for the increasingly critical issue of drug-resistant TB and other forms of TB. Finally, we summarized TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment challenges and put forward future perspectives. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the immunological aspects of TB and offer new directions toward achieving the WHO's goal of eradicating TB by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Ling Yang
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Linsheng Li
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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13
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Li LS, Yang L, Zhuang L, Ye ZY, Zhao WG, Gong WP. From immunology to artificial intelligence: revolutionizing latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis with machine learning. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:58. [PMID: 38017571 PMCID: PMC10685516 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become a major source of active tuberculosis (ATB). Although the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay can be used to diagnose LTBI, these methods can only differentiate infected individuals from healthy ones but cannot discriminate between LTBI and ATB. Thus, the diagnosis of LTBI faces many challenges, such as the lack of effective biomarkers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for distinguishing LTBI, the low diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers derived from the human host, and the absence of a gold standard to differentiate between LTBI and ATB. Sputum culture, as the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, is time-consuming and cannot distinguish between ATB and LTBI. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of MTB and the immune mechanisms of the host in LTBI, including the innate and adaptive immune responses, multiple immune evasion mechanisms of MTB, and epigenetic regulation. Based on this knowledge, we summarize the current status and challenges in diagnosing LTBI and present the application of machine learning (ML) in LTBI diagnosis, as well as the advantages and limitations of ML in this context. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of ML applied to LTBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhao
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Wen-Ping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
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14
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Jiang F, Han Y, Liu Y, Xue Y, Cheng P, Xiao L, Gong W. A comprehensive approach to developing a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: from in silico design to in vitro immunization evaluation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280299. [PMID: 38022558 PMCID: PMC10652892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, currently used against tuberculosis (TB), exhibits inconsistent efficacy, highlighting the need for more potent TB vaccines. Materials and methods In this study, we employed reverse vaccinology techniques to develop a promising multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate, called PP13138R, for TB prevention. PP13138R comprises 34 epitopes, including B-cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T lymphocyte epitopes. Using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools, we assessed the physicochemical properties, structural features, and immunological characteristics of PP13138R. Results The vaccine candidate demonstrated excellent antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility without any signs of toxicity or sensitization. In silico analyses revealed that PP13138R interacts strongly with Toll-like receptor 2 and 4, stimulating innate and adaptive immune cells to produce abundant antigen-specific antibodies and cytokines. In vitro experiments further supported the efficacy of PP13138R by significantly increasing the population of IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines in active tuberculosis patients, latent tuberculosis infection individuals, and healthy controls, revealing the immunological characteristics and compare the immune responses elicited by the PP13138R vaccine across different stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of PP13138R as a promising MEV candidate, characterized by favorable antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility, without any toxicity or sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Respiratory Research Institute, Senior Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Section of Health, No. 94804 Unit of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
- Resident standardization training cadet corps, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Respiratory Research Institute, Senior Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Respiratory Research Institute, Senior Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Li F, Chen D, Zeng Q, Du Y. Possible Mechanisms of Lymphopenia in Severe Tuberculosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2640. [PMID: 38004652 PMCID: PMC10672989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). In lymphopenia, T cells are typically characterized by progressive loss and a decrease in their count results. Lymphopenia can hinder immune responses and lead to systemic immunosuppression, which is strongly associated with mortality. Lymphopenia is a significant immunological abnormality in the majority of patients with severe and advanced TB, and its severity is linked to disease outcomes. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Currently, the research on the pathogenesis of lymphopenia during M. tuberculosis infection mainly focuses on how it affects lymphocyte production, survival, or tissue redistribution. This includes impairing hematopoiesis, inhibiting T-cell proliferation, and inducing lymphocyte apoptosis. In this study, we have compiled the latest research on the possible mechanisms that may cause lymphopenia during M. tuberculosis infection. Lymphopenia may have serious consequences in severe TB patients. Additionally, we discuss in detail potential intervention strategies to prevent lymphopenia, which could help understand TB immunopathogenesis and achieve the goal of preventing and treating severe TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
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