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Cargnin Faccin F, Perez DR. Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2347019. [PMID: 38807261 PMCID: PMC11141480 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2347019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat to global health, impacting both humans and animals. Zoonotic transmission, particularly from swine and avian species, is the primary source of human influenza outbreaks. Notably, avian influenza viruses of the H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes are of pandemic concern through their global spread and sporadic human infections. Preventing and controlling these viruses is critical due to their high threat level. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for influenza prevention and control in humans, despite varying vaccine efficacy across strains. This review focuses specifically on pandemic preparedness for avian influenza viruses. We delve into vaccines tested in animal models and summarize clinical trials conducted on H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Goshina A, Matyushenko V, Mezhenskaya D, Rak A, Katelnikova A, Gusev D, Rudenko L, Isakova-Sivak I. RDE Treatment Prevents Non-Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2- and Influenza-Specific IgG Antibodies in Heat-Inactivated Serum Samples. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:39. [PMID: 37366655 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the levels of serum IgG antibodies is widely used to measure immunity to influenza and the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after natural infection or vaccination with specific vaccines, as well as to study immune responses to these viruses in animal models. For safety reasons, sometimes serum specimens collected from infected individuals are subjected to heat inactivation at 56 °C to reduce the risk of infecting personnel during serological studies. However, this procedure may affect the level of virus-specific antibodies, making the results of antibody immunoassays uninterpretable. Here, we evaluated the effect of the heat inactivation of human, ferret and hamster serum samples on the binding of IgG antibodies to the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. For this, serum samples of naive and immune hosts were analyzed in three variants: (i) untreated sera, (ii) heated at 56 °C for 1 h, and (iii) treated with receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE). The samples were studied through an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole influenza virus or recombinant proteins corresponding to nucleocapsid (N) protein and the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (RBD) as antigens. We demonstrated that the heat inactivation of the naive serum samples of various hosts can lead to false-positive results, while RDE treatment abolished the effect of the non-specific binding of IgG antibodies to the viral antigens. Furthermore, RDE also significantly decreased the level of virus-specific IgG antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza-immune sera of humans and animals, although it is unknown whether it actually removes true virus-specific IgG antibodies or only non-specifically binding artifacts. Nevertheless, we suggest that the RDE treatment of human and animal sera may be useful in preventing false-positive results in various immunoassays, while also neutralizing infectious virus, since the standard protocol for the use of RDE also includes heating the sample at 56 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Goshina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Rak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Katelnikova
- Department of Toxicology and Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Research Ltd., 188663 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis Gusev
- Botkin Infectious Diseases Hospital, Piskarovskiy Ave 49, 195067 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Stadlbauer D, Waal LD, Beaulieu E, Strohmeier S, Kroeze EJBV, Boutet P, Osterhaus ADME, Krammer F, Innis BL, Nachbagauer R, Stittelaar KJ, Mallett CP. AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 inactivated split virion vaccines induce cross-reactive and protective responses in ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:40. [PMID: 33742000 PMCID: PMC7979725 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infections with avian H7N9 subtype influenza viruses are a major public health concern and vaccines against H7N9 are urgently needed for pandemic preparedness. In early 2013, novel H7N9 influenza viruses emerged in China that caused about 1600 human cases of infection with a high associated case fatality rate. In this study, two H7N9 split virion vaccines with or without AS03 adjuvant were tested in the naive ferret model. Serological analyses demonstrated that homologous hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization antibody titers were detectable in the ferrets after the first immunization with the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines that were further boosted by the second immunization. In addition, heterologous antibody titers against older H7 subtype viruses of the North American lineage (H7N7, H7N3) and newer H7 subtype viruses of the Eurasian lineage (H7N9) were detected in the animals receiving the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. Animals receiving two immunizations of the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines were protected from weight loss and fever in the homologous challenge study and had no detectable virus in throat or lung samples. In addition, microscopic examination post-challenge showed animals immunized with the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines had the least signs of lung injury and inflammation, consistent with the greater relative efficacy of the adjuvanted vaccines. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccines elicited high levels of homologous and heterologous antibodies and protected against H7N9 virus damage post-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leon de Waal
- Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, The Netherlands.,The Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce L Innis
- GSK, King of Prussia, PA, USA.,PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Koert J Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Kiseleva I, Isakova-Sivak I, Stukova M, Erofeeva M, Donina S, Larionova N, Krutikova E, Bazhenova E, Stepanova E, Vasilyev K, Matyushenko V, Krylova M, Galatonova J, Ershov A, Lioznov D, Sparrow EG, Torelli G, Rudenko L. A Phase 1 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Immunogenicity and Genetic Stability of a New Potential Pandemic H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020296. [PMID: 32532097 PMCID: PMC7350028 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in healthy adults of a new potential pandemic H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) based on the human influenza virus of Yangtze River Delta hemagglutinin lineage (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03739229). Two doses of H7N9 LAIV or placebo were administered intranasally to 30 and 10 subjects, respectively. The vaccine was well-tolerated and not associated with increased rates of adverse events or with any serious adverse events. Vaccine virus was detected in nasal swabs during the 6 days after vaccination or revaccination. A lower frequency of shedding was observed after the second vaccination. Twenty-five clinical viral isolates obtained after the first and second doses of vaccine retained the temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypic characteristics of LAIV. There was no confirmed transmission of the vaccine strain from vaccinees to placebo recipients. After the two H7N9 LAIV doses, an immune response was observed in 96.6% of subjects in at least one of the assays conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kiseleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(812)-2346-860
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Marina Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (M.E.); (K.V.); (D.L.)
| | - Marianna Erofeeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (M.E.); (K.V.); (D.L.)
| | - Svetlana Donina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Natalie Larionova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Bazhenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Kirill Vasilyev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (M.E.); (K.V.); (D.L.)
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Marina Krylova
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Production Association for Immunological Preparations “Microgen”, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 127473 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (J.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Julia Galatonova
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Production Association for Immunological Preparations “Microgen”, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 127473 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (J.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Aleksey Ershov
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Production Association for Immunological Preparations “Microgen”, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 127473 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (J.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (M.E.); (K.V.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Guido Torelli
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (S.D.); (N.L.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (E.S.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
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Hasan M, Ghosh PP, Azim KF, Mukta S, Abir RA, Nahar J, Hasan Khan MM. Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine against avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:19-37. [PMID: 30822457 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
H7N9, a novel strain of avian origin influenza was the first recorded incidence where a human was transited by a N9 type influenza virus. Effective vaccination against influenza A (H7N9) is a major concern, since it has emerged as a life threatening viral pathogen. Here, an in silico reverse vaccinology strategy was adopted to design a unique chimeric subunit vaccine against avian influenza A (H7N9). Induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity is the prime concerned characteristics for a peptide vaccine candidate, hence both T cell and B cell immunity of viral proteins were screened. Antigenicity testing, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity and toxicity assessment, population coverage analysis and molecular docking approach were adopted to generate the most antigenic epitopes of avian influenza A (H7N9) proteome. Further, a novel subunit vaccine was designed by the combination of highly immunogenic epitopes along with suitable adjuvant and linkers. Physicochemical properties and secondary structure of the designed vaccine were assessed to ensure its thermostability, h ydrophilicity, theoretical PI and structural behavior. Homology modeling, refinement and validation of the designed vaccine allowed to construct a three dimensional structure of the predicted vaccine, further employed to molecular docking analysis with different MHC molecules and human immune TLR8 receptor present on lymphocyte cells. Moreover, disulfide engineering was employed to lessen the high mobility region of the designed vaccine in order to extend its stability. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular dynamic simulation of the modeled subunit vaccine and TLR8 complexed molecule to strengthen our prediction. Finally, the suggested vaccine was reverse transcribed and adapted for E. coli strain K12 prior to insertion within pET28a(+) vector for checking translational potency and microbial expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Progga Paromita Ghosh
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Faizul Azim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsunnahar Mukta
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Ruhshan Ahmed Abir
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatun Nahar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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