1
|
Deng Y, Sheng Y, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang L, Ji P, Zhu J, Wang G, Liu B, Zhou EM, Cai X, Tu Y, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP, Mu Y, Zhao Q. A novel strategy for an anti-idiotype vaccine: nanobody mimicking neutralization epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0165023. [PMID: 38271227 PMCID: PMC10878242 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01650-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method to protect humans and animals from diseases. Anti-idiotype vaccines are safer due to their absence of pathogens. However, the commercial production of traditional anti-idiotype vaccines using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (mAb and pAb) is complex and has a high failure rate. The present study designed a novel, simple, low-cost strategy for developing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. We used porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as a viral model, which can result in serious economic loss in the pig industry. The neutralizing mAb-1E7 (Ab1) against PCV2 capsid protein (PCV2-Cap) was immunized in the camel. And 12 nanobodies against mAb-1E7 were screened. Among them, Nb61 (Ab2) targeted the idiotype epitope of mAb-1E7 and blocked mAb-1E7's binding to PCV2-Cap. Additionally, a high-dose Nb61 vaccination can also protect mice and pigs from PCV2 infection. Epitope mapping showed that mAb-1E7 recognized the 75NINDFL80 of PCV2-Cap and 101NYNDFLG107 of Nb61. Subsequently, the mAb-3G4 (Ab3) against Nb61 was produced and can neutralize PCV2 infection in the PK-15 cells. Structure analysis showed that the amino acids of mAb-1E7 and mAb-3G4 respective binding to PCV2-Cap and Nb61 were also similar on the amino acids sequences and spatial conformation. Collectively, our study first provided a strategy for producing nanobody-based anti-idiotype vaccines and identified that anti-idiotype nanobodies could mimic the antigen on amino acids and structures. Importantly, as more and more neutralization mAbs against different pathogens are prepared, anti-idiotype nanobody vaccines can be easily produced against the disease with our strategy, especially for dangerous pathogens.IMPORTANCEAnti-idiotype vaccines utilize idiotype-anti-idiotype network theory, eliminating the need for external antigens as vaccine candidates. Especially for dangerous pathogens, they were safer because they did not contact the live pathogenic microorganisms. However, developing anti-idiotype vaccines with traditional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is complex and has a high failure rate. We present a novel, universal, simple, low-cost strategy for producing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. Using a neutralization antibody against PCV2-Cap, a nanobody (Ab2) was successfully produced and could mimic the neutralizing epitope of PCV2-Cap. The nanobody can induce protective immune responses against PCV2 infection in mice and pigs. It highlighted that the anti-idiotype vaccine using nanobody has a very good application in the future, especially for dangerous pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Deng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yamin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Guixi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yabin Tu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Mu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papatsiros V, Papakonstantinou G, Meletis E, Bitchava D, Kostoulas P. Evaluation of porcine circovirus type 2 double vaccination in weaning piglets that reared for gilts under field conditions. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:13-19. [PMID: 36816863 PMCID: PMC9906616 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.543079.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) double vaccination in weaning piglets reared for gilts under field conditions. The study was conducted at a Greek farrow-to-finish conventional pig farm with a previous history of PCV2 infections. The trial included 96 female piglets at 21 days of age, which were equally allocated to two different study groups. Piglets of the group-1 received a single PCV2 vaccination at 21 days of age, while piglets of the group-2 were double vaccinated against PCV2, at 21 and 42 days of age. The results indicated that the piglets of group-2 had better growth performance, as they showed higher body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADWG). In addition, ELISA tests showed that the double- vaccinated piglets presented a better humoral response against PCV2, as higher levels of IgG antibodies were detected in them than the piglets of the group-1. In conclusion, the current results suggested that a double PCV2 vaccination of piglets, reared for gilts, on a PCV2-affected farm could lead to higher protection against the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; ,Correspondence Vasileios Papatsiros, DVM, PhD, Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece. E-mail:
| | - Georgios Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Faculty of Public and Integrated (One) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece;
| | | | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and Integrated (One) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Ding Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Wu H. Serum investigation of antibodies against porcine circovirus 4 Rep and Cap protein in Jiangxi Province, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944679. [PMID: 36338086 PMCID: PMC9634748 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, a novel porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first identified in Hunan Province, China. The circular PCV4 DNA was detected in both diseased and healthy pigs. Recently, PCV4 prevalence surveys have been analyzed in many provinces in both China and South Korea with low positive rates. However, no serological data has been conducted to investigate the prevalence of PCV4 in pigs from Jiangxi Province. To address this issue, an indirect anti-PCV4 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on Cap and Rep protein as a coating antigen was established and applied to study the serum epidemiology of PCV4 in Jiangxi Province. Purified PCV4-His-tagged Cap and Rep were used as the coating antigen to develop an ELISA detection kit. There was no cross-reaction of the Cap/Rep-based ELISA with antisera against PCV2, TGEV and PRRSV, indicating a high specificity of this ELISA assay. The intra-assay coefficient variations (CVs) of Cap-based were 1.239%−9.796%, Rep-based 1.288%−5.011%, and inter-assay CVs of 1.167%−4.694% and 1.621%−8.979%, respectively, indicating a good repeatability. Finally, a total number of 507 serum samples were collected from Jiangxi Province to test for antibody prevalence of PCV4, and 17 (3.35%) and 36 (7.10%) of the samples were Cap and Rep antibody positive, respectively. In summary, our established ELISA kit could be used to detect PCV4 antibodies in serum with good repeatability and high specificity. In addition, field samples detection results showed that the antibody of PCV4 was poorly distributed in intensive pig farms in Jiangxi Province, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Hu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Huansheng Wu
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren CZ, Hu WY, Song ML, Wei YY, Hu TJ. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in PCV2-infected porcine alveolar macrophages via PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:339-347. [PMID: 36320309 PMCID: PMC9548224 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.137675.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) widely exists in swine production systems causing porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) which is associated with significant economic losses. Polygonum hydropiper L. was used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. This study was carried out to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) in PCV2-induced porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2 cell line). The production of oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of FEA. The translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were investigated to document the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In PCV2 induced 3D4/2 cells, FEA treatment significantly reduced the production of ROS, and sharply down-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 in both secretion and mRNA expression level. The FEA also decreased the mRNA expression of Akt and NF-κB p65, reduced the transfer of p65 to nuclear, and inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The findings suggest that FEA exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and could be used as a candidate in treatment of inflammation induced by PCV2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Zhi Ren
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; ,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Agricultural vocational and Technical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- Department of Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-ling Song
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; ,Correspondence Ting-Jun Hu. PhD, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China . E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pleguezuelos P, Sibila M, Cuadrado-Matías R, López-Jiménez R, Pérez D, Huerta E, Pérez M, Correa-Fiz F, Mancera-Gracia JC, Taylor LP, Borowski S, Saunders G, Segalés J, López-Soria S, Balasch M. Efficacy Studies of a Trivalent Vaccine Containing PCV-2a, PCV-2b Genotypes and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae When Administered at 3 Days of Age and 3 Weeks Later against Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1234. [PMID: 36016122 PMCID: PMC9414577 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Four studies under preclinical and clinical conditions were performed to evaluate the efficacy of a new trivalent vaccine against Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection. The product contained inactivated PCV-1/PCV-2a (cPCV-2a) and PCV-1/PCV-2b (cPCV-2b) chimeras, plus M. hyopneumoniae inactivated cell-free antigens, which was administered to piglets in a two-dose regime at 3 days of age and 3 weeks later. The overall results of preclinical and clinical studies show a significant reduction in PCV-2 viraemia and faecal excretion, and lower histopathological lymphoid lesions and PCV-2 immunohistochemistry scores in vaccinated pigs when compared to non-vaccinated ones. Furthermore, in field trial A, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of PCV-2-subclinical infection, an increase in body weight from 16 weeks of age to slaughterhouse and an average daily weight gain over the whole period (from 3 days of age to slaughterhouse) was detected in the vaccinated group when compared to the non-vaccinated one. Circulation of PCV-2a in field trial A, and PCV-2b plus PCV-2d in field trial B was confirmed by virus sequencing. In conclusion, a double immunization with a cPCV-2a/cPCV-2b/M. hyopneumoniae vaccine was efficacious against PCV-2 infection by reducing the number of histopathological lymphoid lesions and PCV-2 detection in tissues, serum, and faeces, as well as reducing losses in productive parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pleguezuelos
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marina Sibila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa López-Jiménez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Diego Pérez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Huerta
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Lucas P. Taylor
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street 300-504SW, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA;
| | - Stasia Borowski
- Zoetis Belgium S.A., 20 Mercuriusstraat, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium; (J.C.M.-G.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gillian Saunders
- Zoetis Belgium S.A., 20 Mercuriusstraat, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium; (J.C.M.-G.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Zoetis Manufacturing & Research Spain S.L., Ctra Camprodon s/n Finca “La Riba”, 17813 Vall de Bianya, Girona, Spain;
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (R.C.-M.); (R.L.-J.); (D.P.); (E.H.); (M.P.); (F.C.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mònica Balasch
- Zoetis Manufacturing & Research Spain S.L., Ctra Camprodon s/n Finca “La Riba”, 17813 Vall de Bianya, Girona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Papatsiros VG, Papakonstantinou G, Meletis E, Tsekouras N, Maragkakis G, Bitchava D, Kostoulas P. Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infections in Greece. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:200-211. [PMID: 35138937 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with the probability of being polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive and the level of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) occurrence in Greek farms. The study included 56 pig farms, with a total population of 22.500 sows, which represent about 40% of the entire capacity of the Greek swine production. A total of 896 blood samples (224 pools*4 samples/pool = 896 samples) from breeding stock, weaners, growers, and finishers were collected from each farm and organized in pools of 4 samples size. Further, data regarding herd health management protocols were collected. The sera were tested for PRRSV and PCV2, using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The results indicated that both viruses remain a major challenge for the Greek swine industry. Main risk factors involved in the infection process by these viruses were identified. In particular, vaccination programs such as the mass PRRSV vaccination with modified-live virus (MLV) in breeding stock during the last stages of gestation or with killed-virus (KV) during the middle of gestation are more likely to be associated with PRRSV PCR-positivity. Farms with low biosecurity level are associated with higher PRRSV circulation. It has also been revealed that breeding stock is more likely to be associated with PCV2 circulation compared to weaners and growers. In conclusion, our results could be the basis of the development of surveillance protocols for a national monitoring system for PRRSV and PCV2, which could prevent future infection of Greek farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios G Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Georgios Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eletherios Meletis
- Faculty of Public and Integrated (One) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsekouras
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Giorgos Maragkakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and Integrated (One) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vangroenweghe FACJ, Thas O. Seasonal Variation in Prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Peri-Weaned, Post-Weaned, and Fattening Pigs with Clinical Signs of Respiratory Diseases in Belgian and Dutch Pig Herds, Using a Tracheobronchial Swab Sampling Technique, and Their Associations with Local Weather Conditions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091202. [PMID: 34578234 PMCID: PMC8471121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae), many other viruses and bacteria can concurrently be present in pigs. These pathogens can provoke clinical signs, known as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). A sampling technique on live animals, namely tracheobronchial swab (TBS) sampling, was applied to detect different PRDC pathogens in pigs using PCR. The objective was to determine prevalence of different PRDC pathogens and their variations during different seasons, including correlations with local weather conditions. A total of 974 pig farms and 22,266 pigs were sampled using TBS over a 5-year period. TBS samples were analyzed using mPCR and results were categorized and analyzed according to the season of sampling and local weather data. In samples of peri-weaned and post-weaned piglets, influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-European strain (PRRSV1), and M. hyopneumoniae were found as predominant pathogens. In fattening pigs, M. hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and PRRSV1 were predominant pathogens. Pathogen prevalence in post-weaned and finishing pigs was highest during winter, except for IAV-S and A. pleuropneumoniae, which were more prevalent during autumn. Associations between prevalence of several PRDC pathogens, i.e., M. hyopneumoniae, PCV-2 and PRRSV, and specific weather conditions could be demonstrated. In conclusion, the present study showed that many respiratory pathogens are present during the peri-weaning, post-weaning, and fattening periods, which may complicate the clinical picture of respiratory diseases. Interactions between PRDC pathogens and local weather conditions over the 5-year study period were demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A. C. J. Vangroenweghe
- Business Unit Swine & Ruminants, Elanco Animal Health, Plantijn en Moretuslei 1A, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-477-558-562
| | - Olivier Thas
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- National Institute of Applied Statistics Research Australia (NIASRA), University of Wollongong, Northfield Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poulsen Nautrup B, Van Vlaenderen I, Mah C, Angulo J. Do High Levels of Maternally Derived Antibodies Interfere with the Vaccination of Piglets against Porcine Circovirus Type 2? A Literature Review and Data Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080923. [PMID: 34452048 PMCID: PMC8402833 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is commonly performed in piglets worldwide, and increasingly also in sows. We conducted a literature search and review to assess the potential interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) in piglets with vaccination against PCV2. The effectiveness of vaccination was compared to no vaccination in the presence of high levels of MDA (≥8 log2 IPMA titer), as reported in field studies. In total, 13 papers fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria, allowing up to 24 comparisons per parameter. In the presence of high levels of MDA, vaccinated pigs had, on average, a 20 g/d higher mean daily weight gain and a 34% lower mortality compared to non-vaccinates. The maximum percentage of viremic pigs was reduced by 63% and the maximum viral load in serum was 0.72 log10 PCV2 DNA copies lower. Vaccination at 3 weeks of age was associated with the highest improvements in production parameters and reductions in viremia. Our findings suggest that the vaccination of piglets is effective with respect to production parameters and viremia even in the presence of high MDA, with an age of 3 weeks at vaccination being most beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose Angulo
- Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA; (C.M.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|