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Krieger E, Sharashova E, Kudryavtsev AV, Samodova O, Kontsevaya A, Brenn T, Postoev V. COVID-19: seroprevalence and adherence to preventive measures in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:316-327. [PMID: 36919829 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2179660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The published estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Russia are few. The study aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Arkhangelsk (Northwest Russia), in a year after the start of the pandemic, to evaluate the population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and to investigate characteristics associated with COVID-19 seropositive status. METHODS We conducted a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study between 24 February and 30 June 2021 involving 1332 adults aged 40-74 years. Logistic regression models were fit to identify factors associated with seropositive status and with adherence to NPIs. RESULTS Less than half (48.9%) of study participants adhered all recommended NPIs. Male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.3; 2.3), regular employment (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3; 2.5) and low confidence in the efficiency of the NPIs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5; 2.5) were associated with low adherence to internationally recommended NPIs. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate was 65.1% (95% CI: 62.5; 67.6) and increased to 73.0% (95% CI: 67.1; 85.7) after adjustment for test performance. Regular employment (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5; 2.8) and current smoking (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2; 0.5) were associated with being seropositive due to the infection. CONCLUSIONS Two third of the study population were seropositive in a year after the onset of the pandemic in Arkhangelsk. Individuals with infection-acquired immunity were more likely to have regular work and less likely to be smokers. The adherence to NPIs was not found associated with getting the virus during the first year of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Krieger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Sharashova
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alexander V Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Samodova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kontsevaya
- Department of Public Health, National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tormod Brenn
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vitaly Postoev
- Department of Research Methodology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
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Semenova Y, Kalmatayeva Z, Oshibayeva A, Mamyrbekova S, Kudirbekova A, Nurbakyt A, Baizhaxynova A, Colet P, Glushkova N, Ivankov A, Sarria-Santamera A. Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Population of Kazakhstan: A Nationwide Laboratory-Based Surveillance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042263. [PMID: 35206453 PMCID: PMC8872132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The data on seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Kazakhstani population are non-existent, but are needed for planning of public health interventions targeted to COVID-19 containment. The aim of the study was to estimate the seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Kazakhstani population from 2020 to 2021. We relied on the data obtained from the results from “IN VITRO” laboratories of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for class G immunoglobulins (IgG) and class M (IgM) to SARS-CoV-2. The association of COVID-19 seropositivity was assessed in relation to age, gender, and region of residence. Additionally, we related the monitoring of longitudinal seropositivity with COVID-19 statistics obtained from Our World in Data. The total numbers of tests were 68,732 for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and 85,346 for IgG, of which 22% and 63% were positive, respectively. The highest rates of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM results were seen during July/August 2020. The rate of IgM seropositivity was the lowest on 25 October 2020 (2%). The lowest daily rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 17% (13 December 2020), while the peak of IgG seropositivity was seen on 6 June 2021 (84%). A longitudinal serological study should be envisaged to facilitate understanding of the dynamics of the epidemiological situation and to forecast future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan;
| | - Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (Z.K.); (S.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Ainash Oshibayeva
- Administrative Office, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161204, Kazakhstan;
| | - Saltanat Mamyrbekova
- School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (Z.K.); (S.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Aynura Kudirbekova
- Invitro-Kazakhstan Laboratory, Medical Department, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ardak Nurbakyt
- Department of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ardak Baizhaxynova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Colet
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Natalya Glushkova
- School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (Z.K.); (S.M.); (N.G.)
| | | | - Antonio Sarria-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Aziz H, Fatima S, Mahmood H, Muhammad S, Saeed MA, Khurshid S, Aslam W, Aziz S, Faheem M. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Relation to the Contributing Factors in COVID-19 Patients. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:142-149. [PMID: 35167759 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human health has always been challenged by variety of viral infections, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has surpassed all previous viral diseases and emerged as a major health challenge around the globe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and serological assay provides a compliment to diagnosis after second week of infection. The aim of the study is the characterization of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood sample of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and its potential association with factors such as age, gender, time, and symptoms. Serum from 248 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients was investigated for antibodies. Elecsys anti-SARS chemiluminescent immune assay was performed for the detection of nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Association of antibody response with gender, age, and time after onset of symptoms was analyzed. Among 248 PCR positive SARS-CoV-2 patients, 214 (86.3%) have virus-specific antibody signals. Antibodies positivity rate was higher in male patient patients as compared with female patients (90.8% vs. 79.2%, p = 0.009). Patients aged 30-40 years had the highest antibody positivity rate as compared with other groups (89.10%, p = 0.04). Patients age group >60 years had a lower positivity rate (75%, p = 0.04). The increasing trend in the antibodies detection with time was observed, maximum positive antibodies response rate observed at 8 weeks. Patients were categorized on the basis of clinical symptoms into asymptomatic, mild, and moderate; 17.7% were asymptomatic, 60.5% showed mild symptoms, and 21.8% showed moderate symptoms of the disease. Males were seen to be more asymptomatic as compared with females (i.e., 59.1% to 40.9%). The serological test for SARS-CoV-2 has a high sensitivity at >2 weeks after the positive PCR result or onset of illness. In addition, the serological response differs among patients based on gender, age, as well as time between the onset of symptoms or PCR confirmation and sample collection for the study of antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Aziz
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Fatima
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humera Mahmood
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shaista Khurshid
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Aslam
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Aziz
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Faheem
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Krieger E, Kudryavtsev A, Sharashova E, Postoev V, Belova N, Shagrov L, Zvedina J, Drapkina O, Kontsevaya A, Shalnova S, Brenn T, Shkolnikov VM, Eggo RM, Leon DA. Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Antibodies in Adults, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:463-465. [PMID: 35076366 PMCID: PMC8798687 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.211640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based data on coronavirus disease in Russia and on the immunogenicity of the Sputnik V vaccine are sparse. In a survey of 1,080 residents of Arkhangelsk 40–75 years of age, 65% were seropositive for IgG. Fifteen percent of participants had been vaccinated; of those, 97% were seropositive.
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Rudenko N, Fursova K, Shepelyakovskaya A, Karatovskaya A, Brovko F. Antibodies as Biosensors' Key Components: State-of-the-Art in Russia 2020-2021. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21227614. [PMID: 34833687 PMCID: PMC8624206 DOI: 10.3390/s21227614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of biomolecules is crucial in key areas such as the timely diagnosis of somatic and infectious diseases, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. This determines the need to develop highly sensitive display devices based on the achievements of modern science and technology, characterized by high selectivity, high speed, low cost, availability, and small size. Such requirements are met by biosensor systems—devices for reagent-free analysis of compounds that consist of a biologically sensitive element (receptor), a transducer, and a working solution. The diversity of biological material and methods for its immobilization on the surface or in the volume of the transducer and the use of nanotechnologies have led to the appearance of an avalanche-like number of different biosensors, which, depending on the type of biologically sensitive element, can be divided into three groups: enzyme, affinity, and cellular/tissue. Affinity biosensors are one of the rapidly developing areas in immunoassay, where the key point is to register the formation of an antigen–antibody complex. This review analyzes the latest work by Russian researchers concerning the production of molecules used in various immunoassay formats as well as new fundamental scientific data obtained as a result of their use.
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