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Singh B, Seema K, Mahuli AV, Kumar A, Boipai M, Sharma AK, Kumar M, Kumar S, Chandra S, Shahi AK. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Healthcare Worker-Administered Covishield and Covaxin Vaccines at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jharkhand, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e47566. [PMID: 38021860 PMCID: PMC10666192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, global distribution of vaccines such as Covishield and Covaxin has been undertaken. This research aimed to assess the responses and potential differences between these vaccines by examining the presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in healthcare professionals who received them. Methodology A comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care facility in Ranchi involving 227 healthcare professionals who had completed both doses of either Covishield or Covaxin. Blood samples were collected and subjected to chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis to measure IgG antibodies. Demographic data, immunization records, and previous COVID-19 infections were recorded. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, and independent sample t-tests were performed. Results Antibody titers exhibited variability, potentially influenced by factors. There was no difference in antibody titers between recipients of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines. Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between antibody levels and the number of days after vaccination. Factors such as age, gender, blood group, and prior COVID-19 infections did not significantly impact antibody titers. Conclusions This study contributes to responses elicited by Covishield and Covaxin vaccines among healthcare workers. The results highlight that Covishield showed a higher mean titer value than Covaxin, which is not statistically significant. The overall model showed statistically significant results indicating age, type of vaccine, number of days after vaccination, blood group, and previous history of COVID-19 infection collectively influenced the CoV-2 IgG titer values. The findings indicate that age, number of days after vaccination, and prior history of COVID-19 infection have substantial relationships with the CoV-2 IgG titer, but sex, vaccine type, and blood group show lesser, nonsignificant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupati Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Kumari Seema
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Amit V Mahuli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Abhay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Manju Boipai
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Surender Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Ajoy K Shahi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
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Mihaylova A, Lesichkova S, Baleva M, Nikolova‐Vlahova M, Kundurzhiev T, Kolevski A, Naumova E. Durability of humoral and cell-mediated immune response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine administration. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28360. [PMID: 36448089 PMCID: PMC9878094 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against the SARS-Cov-2 virus is an effective way to protect against the disease and the severe course of COVID-19. Forty-nine fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve volunteers aged 33-89 were enrolled in the study. Evaluation of the cellular and humoral immune response was performed within 1 to 3 months (T1) and 6-9 months (T2) after the second injection, and within 2-3 months (T3) after a booster dose. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the specific immune status was made between two age groups-below 60 (n = 22) and over 60 (n = 27) years. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response was evaluated by IFN-γ-producing spot forming cells (SFCs) using a standardized ELISPOT assay. Virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) against SARS-CoV-2 were measured by a blocking ELISA test and spike protein specific IgG (S-IgG) and IgA (S-IgA) antibodies-by semiquantitative ELISA. IFN-γ-producing SFCs, S-IgG, S-IgA and VNA significantly decreased 6-9 months after the second dose. After the third injection S-IgG and S-IgA markedly increased compared to T2 and reached the levels at T1. Of note, the highest values of VNA were observed at T3. No differences in the tested immune parameters were found between the two age groups. Data obtained showed that for a long period-6-9 months after a full course of immunization with mRNA vaccine, immune reactivity is present, but both cellular and humoral immune responses gradually decrease. The administration of a third dose mainly restores the specific humoral immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Mihaylova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell BankUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Spaska Lesichkova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell BankUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofiaBulgaria,Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical UniversitySofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Milena Nikolova‐Vlahova
- Clinic of NephrologyUniversity Hospital St.Ivan RilskiSofiaBulgaria,Department of Internal MedicineMedical UniversitySofiaBulgaria
| | - Todor Kundurzhiev
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsMedical UniversitySofiaBulgaria
| | - Alexander Kolevski
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell BankUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofiaBulgaria,Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical UniversitySofiaBulgaria
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Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines Six Months after the Second Dose: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010056. [PMID: 36679901 PMCID: PMC9865554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrated good humoral response, but studies directly comparing their immunogenicity in the general population are lacking. We evaluated the medium−term kinetics of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) at one and six months after the second dose of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac. Immunogenicity at six months was directly compared between BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Participants ≥ 20 years old from Novi Sad, Serbia, without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included. Anti S1/S2 IgG antibodies were measured using quantitative LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 assay. A total of 368 participants were included: 231 (62.77%) had sera collected at two time points. Two doses of BNT162b2 were received by 37.50% of participants, followed by BBIBP-CorV (22.01%), Gam-COVID-Vac (21.47%), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (19.02%). Mean Ab levels at the 28th day and 6 months were 216.55 (SD = 105.73) AU/mL and 75.68 (SD = 57.30) for BNT162b2, 194.38 (SD = 140.24) and 90.53 (SD = 111.30) for Gam-COVID-Vac, and 72.74 (SD = 80.04) and 24.43 (SD = 38.43) for BBIBP-CorV group (p < 0.01, between two time points across all three groups), with a significant difference between women and men (p < 0.01, for both sexes). At the sixth month post-vaccination, the highest mean Ab level was detected in Gam-COVID-Vac group (91.28 AU/mL, SD = 95.96), followed by BNT162b2 (85.25 AU/mL, SD = 60.02), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (64.22 AU/mL, SD = 65.30), and BBIBP-CorV (25.26 AU/mL, SD = 36.92) (p < 0.01). Anti-spike IgG persistence was demonstrated six months post-vaccination with a significant decline in Ab levels. These results suggest a lower protection against SARS-CoV-2 over time. Our findings support the introduction of additional (booster) doses.
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Lau CS, Thundyil J, Oh MLH, Phua SK, Liang YL, Li Y, Huo J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Xu S, Aw TC. Neutralizing and Total/IgG Spike Antibody Responses Following Homologous CoronaVac vs. BNT162b2 Vaccination Up to 90 Days Post-Booster. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040070. [PMID: 36412836 PMCID: PMC9680337 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We documented the total spike antibody (S-Ab), IgG S-Ab and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses of BNT162b2/CoronaVac vaccinees up to 90 days post-booster dose. METHODS We included 32 homologous regimen CoronaVac vaccinees and 136 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinees. We tested their total S-Ab (Roche), IgG (Abbott) and N-Ab (Snibe) levels at set time points from January 2021 to April 2022. All subjects were deemed to be COVID-19-naïve either via clinical history (CoronaVac vaccinees) or nucleocapsid antibody testing (BNT162b2 vaccinees). RESULTS All antibodies peaked 20-30 days post-inoculation. In BNT162b2 vaccinees, all post-booster antibodies were significantly higher than second-dose peaks. In CoronaVac vaccinees, IgG showed no significant differences between peak third-/second-dose titers (difference of 56.0 BAU/mL, 95% CI of -17.1 to 129, p = 0.0894). The post-vaccination titers of all antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees were significantly higher than those in CoronaVac vaccinees at all time points. Post-booster, all antibodies declined in 90 days; the final total/IgG/N-Ab titers were 7536 BAU/mL, 1276 BAU/mL and 12.5 μg/mL in BNT162b2 vaccinees and 646 BAU/mL, 62.4 BAU/mL and 0.44 μg/mL in CoronaVac vaccinees. CONCLUSION The mRNA vaccine generated more robust total S-Ab, IgG and N-Ab responses after the second and third vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-68504927; Fax: +65-64269507
| | - John Thundyil
- Medical Affairs, Abbott, Singapore 189352, Singapore
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Ya Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Yanfeng Li
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Singapore 349248, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Lau CS, Oh MLH, Phua SK, Liang YL, Aw TC. 210-Day Kinetics of Total, IgG, and Neutralizing Spike Antibodies across a Course of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101703. [PMID: 36298568 PMCID: PMC9607129 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We tested the total spike antibody (S-Ab), IgG/IgM S-Ab, and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses of COVID-19-naïve subjects from before their first BNT162b2 vaccination up to 210 days after boosting. Methods: We studied 136 COVID-19-naïve subjects who received three doses of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine (39 males, 97 females, mean age 43.8 ± 13.5 years) from January 2021 to May 2022. Serum was assessed for total S-Ab (Roche), IgG/M (Abbott), and N-Ab (Snibe). Results: Peak antibody levels were measured 20-30 days after each dose, with booster dosing eliciting significantly higher peak antibodies than the second dose: total S-Ab 2219 vs. 19,551 BAU/mL (difference 16,667 BAU/mL, p < 0.0001); IgG 2270 vs. 2932 BAU/mL (difference 660 BAU/mL, p = 0.04); and N-Ab 3.52 vs. 26.4 µg/mL (difference 21.4 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). Only IgM showed a lower peak post-booster antibody titer (COI 2.11 vs. 0.23, difference 1.63, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.38, p < 0.0001). By 180−210 days after the second or third vaccination, total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab had decreased by 68.7/93.8/73.6% vs. 82.8/86.3/79.5%. The half-lives of IgG and N-Ab antibodies were longer after the third vaccination (IgG: 65 vs. 34 days, N-Ab: 99 vs. 78 days). Conclusion: Total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab showed a greater increase post-booster, with IgG/N-Ab having a longer half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-68504927; Fax: +65-64269507
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Ya-Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Oliveira-Silva J, Reis T, Lopes C, Batista-Silva R, Ribeiro R, Marques G, Pacheco V, Rodrigues T, Afonso A, Pinheiro V, Araújo L, Rodrigues F, Antunes I. Long-term serological SARS-CoV-2 IgG kinetics following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data from a large cohort of healthcare workers. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:1-7. [PMID: 35568366 PMCID: PMC9093081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess kinetics and predictive variables of humoral immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. METHODS We collected blood samples before (T0) and 15, 90, and 180 days after vaccination (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The Quant SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin (IgG) II Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay was used to determine anti-spike IgG. RESULTS In almost 3000 healthcare-collected blood samples at the three time points, we found the following: at 15 days postvaccination, 97.6% of subjects presented a robust IgG anti-spike response (>4160 AU/ml); then, at three and six months, it decreased in median 6.5-fold to 35.0% and 3.0-fold to 3.3%, respectively. A linear mixed-effects model supported that female gender, younger age groups, and being seropositive prevaccination maintained higher antibody titers. Curves became tighter with time progression, although titers from seropositive subjects decrease at a slower rate than seronegative ones. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the case for a steep decrease of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies up to six months, suggesting that serological evaluation might guide the need for periodic booster vaccinations in specific groups prone to lower antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Oliveira-Silva
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal,Correspondence to: Joana Oliveira-Silva, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Edifício São Jerónimo - Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional, 3004-561, Coimbra, Portugal; Phone: +351 968 538 473
| | - Teresa Reis
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Lopes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Batista-Silva
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal,i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal,Hospital de São Martinho, Valongo, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Marques
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vania Pacheco
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Afonso
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Pinheiro
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucília Araújo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Antunes
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
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Takeuchi M, Esaki A, Higa Y, Nakazono A. Temporal changes in spike IgG levels after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in Japanese healthcare workers: Do spike IgG levels at 3 months predict levels 6 or 8 months after vaccination? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263486. [PMID: 35714162 PMCID: PMC9205520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate timing of BNT162b2 boosters to prevent breakthrough infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires reliable estimates of immune status. We hypothesized that spike IgG levels at 3 months after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine might predict subsequent spike IgG levels. Methods and results Spike IgG levels were tested at 3, 6, and 8 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in 251 Japanese health care workers (median age: 39 years, female: 187). The median level of spike IgG was 2,882 AU/mL at 3 months. This decreased to 875 AU/mL at 6 months and 579 AU/mL at 8 months. There were good correlations of log-transformed spike IgG levels between 3 and 6 months (r = 0.86) and between 3 and 8 months (r = 0.82). The correlation further improved after excluding three subjects who had possible COVID-19 infections (r = 0.91, r = 0.86). Log-transformed spike IgG levels at 6 or 8 months yields the following equation: log spike IgG at 6 (8) months = 0.92 (0.86) X log spike IgG at 3 months– 0.23 (0.18). Predicted spike IgG at 6 months of ≥ 300 or < 300 AU/mL had 98% sensitivity, 47% specificity, and 94% accuracy for discriminating subjects whose actual spike IgG titers at 6 months were above or below 300 AU/mL. Corresponding values of predicted spike IgG at 8 months were 97%, 70%, and 93%, respectively. Conclusions We conclude that predictive formulae using spike IgG levels at 3 months after two-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 reliably estimate subsequent spike IgG levels up to 8 months and provide useful information in terms of vaccination booster timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Takeuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akina Esaki
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yukie Higa
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akemi Nakazono
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Teran-Tinedo JR, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Najera A, Castany-Faro A, Contreras MDLN, Garcia IM, Lopez-Mellado L, Lorente-Gonzalez M, Perez-Garvin P, Sacristan-Crespo G, Suarez-Ortiz M, Navarro-Lopez JD, Jimenez-Diaz L, Landete P. Clinical characteristics and respiratory care in hospitalized vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101453. [PMID: 35611064 PMCID: PMC9121909 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the present study was to analyze both clinical characteristics and evolution during hospitalization of a cohort of patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia who were not vaccinated, or with a complete or incomplete vaccination schedule. METHODS This COVID-19 specialized single-center cohort study of 1888 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the "Enfermera Isabel Zendal" Emergencies Hospital (HEEIZ), Madrid (Spain) was performed between July 1 and September 30, 2021. It compared the results of 1327 hospitalized unvaccinated patients to 209 hospitalized fully vaccinated and 352 hospitalized partially vaccinated patients. The four different COVID-19 vaccines authorized in Spain during the time-period studied were: BNT162b2 (Pfizer); ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna); Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). FINDINGS Hospitalized patients' median age was 41 years (IQR 33-50) for the unvaccinated and 61 years (IQR 53-67) for the fully vaccinated ones. The main comorbidities were obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 20% of unvaccinated patients (266) required noninvasive respiratory care, as did 14% (51) of partially and 14% (30) of fully vaccinated; 6% (78) of the unvaccinated patients also needed invasive respiratory care, as did 5% (16) of partially and 11 (5%) fully vaccinated. INTERPRETATION Fully vaccinated patients were 84% (95% CI: 82-86%) less likely to be admitted to hospital, and protection rose for those aged <50 years. Once hospitalized, vaccinated patients displayed more protection against requiring respiratory care than unvaccinated ones, despite being older and having more comorbidities. No differences appeared for the four studied COVID-19 vaccines and complying with vaccination recommendations proved relevant. FUNDING The research was funded by the "Plan Propio de Investigación" Program of the Castilla-La Mancha University /European Regional Development Fund (2021-GRIN-31,039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Teran-Tinedo
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Service, General Universitary Hospital “Gregorio Marañón”, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Najera
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Andrea Castany-Faro
- Admission Service, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Maria Garcia
- Nursering Management, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Service. Hospital Universitario "La Paz", Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Lorente-Gonzalez
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Suarez-Ortiz
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Lydia Jimenez-Diaz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Centre for Regional Biomedical Reserch (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pedro Landete
- Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Respiratory intermediate Care Unit, “Enfermera Isabel Zendal” Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Lau CS, Oh MLH, Phua SK, Liang YL, Li Y, Huo J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Xu S, Aw TC. Kinetics of the Neutralizing and Spike SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies following the Sinovac Inactivated Virus Vaccine Compared to the Pfizer mRNA Vaccine in Singapore. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020038. [PMID: 35735357 PMCID: PMC9220327 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We compared the early total spike antibody (S-Ab) and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses to two vaccines. Methods: We studied 96 Pfizer and 34 Sinovac vaccinees over a 14-month period from January 2021 to February 2022. All vaccinees received three doses of one type of vaccine. Antibody levels (Roche Elecsys total S-Ab and the Snibe N-Ab) were tested 10 days after the first dose, 20 days after the second dose, and 20 days after the booster dose. Results: At all time points, the mRNA vaccine generated higher S-Ab and N-Ab responses than the inactivated virus vaccine (S-Ab: first dose 2.48 vs. 0.4 BAU/mL, second dose 2174 vs. 98 BAU/mL, third dose 15,004 vs. 525 BAU/mL; N-Ab: first dose 0.05 vs. 0.02 µg/mL, second dose 3.48 vs. 0.38 µg/mL, third dose 19.8 vs. 0.89 µg/mL). mRNA vaccine recipients had a 6.2/22.2/28.6-fold higher S-Ab and 2.5/9.2/22.2-fold higher N-Ab response than inactivated virus vaccine recipients after the first/second/third inoculations, respectively. Mann–Whitney U analysis confirmed the significant difference in S-Ab and N-Ab titers between vaccination groups at each time point. Conclusions: The mRNA vaccines generated a more robust S-Ab and N-Ab response than the inactivated virus vaccine at all time points after the first, second, and third vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-68504927; Fax: +65-64269507
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore;
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Ya Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Yanfeng Li
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Singapore 349248, Singapore;
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Assaid N, Arich S, Charoute H, Akarid K, Ezzikouri S, Maaroufi A, Sarih M. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:465. [PMID: 35335097 PMCID: PMC8952418 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Data about the duration of antibodies after vaccination show that the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection begins to decline over time. This study aims to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels in healthcare workers five months after the second vaccination dose. We collected samples from 82 participants who were fully vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBIBP-CorV. We assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a Euroimmun ELISA and an Abbott Architect ™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Of the 82 participants, 65.85% were seropositive for IgG using ELISA, and 86.59% were positive for IgG according to the Abbott Architect ™ test. Individuals vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.810 AU/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 1.080-3.7340] and 171.7 AU/mL [79.9-684.6] according to the Euroimmun ELISA and Abbott Architect test, respectively. These tests indicated that people vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.840 AU/mL [0.810-2.960] and 126.7 AU/mL [54.9-474.3], respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the positivity rates of the vaccinated individuals, either for gender or for age. In addition, we found no significant difference between the two vaccines. Our study provides information on the longevity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in people at least five months after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Assaid
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca (UH2C), Casablanca 20100, Morocco;
| | - Soukaina Arich
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20360, Morocco;
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca (UH2C), Casablanca 20100, Morocco;
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20360, Morocco;
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - M’hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
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11
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Lau CS, Phua SK, Liang YL, Oh MLH, Aw TC. SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Neutralizing Antibody Kinetics 90 Days after Three Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Singapore. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:331. [PMID: 35214789 PMCID: PMC8879250 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the post-booster (BNT162b2) antibody responses in Singapore. METHODS Participants (n = 43) were tested pre-booster and 20/30/60/90 days post-booster. Participants were boosted 120-240 days (mean 214 days) after their second dose and had no history or serologic evidence of prior COVID-19 infection; all participants had undetectable SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies throughout the study. Total nucleocapsid and spike antibodies (S-Ab) were assessed on the Roche Elecsys e802 and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) on the Snibe quantitative N-Ab assay. RESULTS Pre-booster median S-Ab/N-Ab titers were 829 BAU/mL/0.83 µg/mL; 2 participants were below manufacturer's N-Ab cut-offs of 0.3 µg/mL (0.192 and 0.229). Both S-Ab and N-Ab titers peaked at 30 days post-booster (median S-Ab 25,220 BAU/mL and N-Ab 30.3 µg/mL) at 30-37× pre-booster median levels. These peak post-booster S-Ab/N-Ab titers were 11× (25,220 vs. 2235 BAU/mL) and 9× (30.3 vs. 3.52 µg/mL) higher than the previously reported peak post-second dose levels. Antibody titers declined to 12,315 BAU/mL (51% decrease) and 14.3 µg/mL (53% decrease) 90 days post-booster. Non-linear regression estimates for S-Ab/N-Ab half-lives were 44/58 days. At 180 days post-booster, S-Ab/N-Ab are estimated to be 2671 BAU/mL/4.83 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Both S-Ab and N-Ab show a good response following post-booster vaccination, with half-lives that may provide a prolonged antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Ya Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore;
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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